Tag Pentanes

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n-Pentane Market Size, Share, Industry Forecast 2026

Pentane is an organic compound with 5 carbon atoms. There are three structural isomers
of pentane of which n-pentane is a long chained isomer. Pentane is inexpensive, non-polar,
and miscible in almost all non-polar solvents. Pentane is generally employed in fuels,
industrial applications like solvents, manufacturing of polystyrene foam, working medium
and other. Moreover, n-pentane has laboratory applications and is used as solvent. It is
also used in liquid chromatography.
Increasing demand from industrial sector for n-pentane due to the high volatility,
miscibility with non-polar compounds like chlorocarbons, olefins, ethers shall drive the
market. Additionally, the lower cost of n-pentane compared to other industrial solvents
shall boost the market demand. Pentane is also an important component of fuels.
Increasing demand for fuels from all over the world shall foster the market growth.
However, n-pentane is a non-polar solvent which is dissolved only in non-polar and alkyl
rich compounds. They lack in functionality and this is expected to hinder the market
growth.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:
Based on product type, the global n-pentane market is segmented into pentane 85/15,
pentane 60/40, pentane 50/50, pentane 20/80, pentane 80/20, pentane 70/30. Based on
application, is segmented into bowing agent, electronic cleaning, chemical solvent, aerosol
propellant, solvent, and others.
From a geographical standpoint, the market is categorized into North America, Europe,
Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.
KEY PLAYERS COVERED:
The global n-Pentane market consists of global & regional players operating. Some of the
key players in the market include, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Exxonmobil,
Shell, Top Solvent Co., Ltd, South Hampton Resources, Diversified Cpc International, LG
Chem, Aeropres Corporation, Jun Yuan Petroleum Group, and others.
KEY INSIGHTS
New Advancements in Production Technologies
Key Trends in the N-Pentane Market
New Product Launches, Expansions, Key Players
Ranking of Key Players in the Market
REGIONAL ANALYSIS:
The market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa. North America is expected to hold the largest share in market.
Rise in demand from industrial sector for solvent shall boost the regional market. Asia
Pacific is estimated to hold significant share attributed to large chemical manufacturing
base. High demand from industrial sector for manufacturing polystyrene foam, PU foam
and other products shall foster the market. Europe is expected to show considerable
growth due to the increasing demand for fuel. Increasing production of vehicles is further
rising the demand for fuel. This shall foster the market growth in Europe. Latin America
and Middle East & Africa shall exhibit sluggish growth by the end of forecast period.

SEGMENTATION
ATTRIBUTE DETAILS
By Product Type
Pentane 85/15
Pentane 60/40
Pentane 50/50
Pentane 20/80
Pentane 80/20
Pentane 70/30
By Application
Bowing Agent
Electronic Cleaning
Chemical Solvent
Aerosol Propellant
Solvent
Others


By Geography
North America (U.S., and Canada)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, and Rest of Asia Pacific)
Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, and Rest of Latin America)
Middle East & Africa (UAE, South Africa, and Rest of Middle
East & Africa)
N-PENTANE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Junyuan Petroleum Group manufactures a wide range of solvents and fluids for industrial use. n-Pentane is one of the solvent available in different composition and is widely used in industrial sector.

Methods to Produce Isoprene by Dehydrogenation

There are two methods to produce isoprene by dehydrogenation: isopentane dehydrogenation and isopentene catalytic dehydrogenation. 1、 Isopentane dehydrogenation method The two-step catalytic dehydrogenation method of isopentane was first developed by the former Soviet Union and was industrialized in 1968. The raw material isopentene used in the isopentene dehydrogenation process is from catalytic cracking or straight-run gasoline. The process is mainly divided into three steps: first, the isopentane is dehydrogenated to isopentene, and a fluidized bed reactor similar to catalytic cracking is used, and the catalyst is spherical chromium-alumina oxide; Then isoprene is obtained by catalytic dehydrogenation of isoprene, and the plate-shaped calcium-nickel-phosphoric acid catalyst and adiabatic fixed-bed reactor are used; Finally, the dehydrogenation product is extracted and distilled with dimethylformamide or acetonitrile in two extractive distillation columns to obtain crude isoprene, and then the high-purity product is obtained after alkali treatment, hydrogenation and acetylene removal. In order to obtain the conversion rate beneficial to industrial production, the reaction must be carried out at high temperature (above 500~600 ℃), resulting in the increase of side reactions such as pyrolysis and isomerization. Therefore, although the raw materials of this method are cheap and easy to obtain, the cost and consumption quota are high, the process for preparing high-purity products is complex, and the development prospect is lacking. At present, only some enterprises in Russia and Eastern Europe apply this method to produce isoprene, with a total production capacity of about 300000 t/a. 2、 There are three isomers of isopentene by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopentene: 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene and 3-methyl-1-butene, of which 2-methyl-2-butene is the most suitable precursor for the synthesis of isoprene. In 1961, Shell Company of the United States built a 18000 t/a isoprene production unit using isoprene catalytic dehydrogenation method, and the production capacity of this method has reached 190000 t/a. The process flow is divided into three steps: extracting and separating isopentene from C5 fraction, a by-product of the catalytic cracking unit of the refinery; Isopentene was dehydrogenated at 600 ℃ in a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor using iron oxide, chromium oxide and carbonate catalysts; The dehydrogenation product is extracted, distilled and refined to obtain isoprene product with purity of 99.2%~99.7%. This method can use isopentene (10%~30%) with a wide range of mass fraction as raw material. Among the many methods for producing isoprene, extractive distillation has certain advantages in technology and economy. In economy, only alkenal method can be compared with extractive distillation, and the production cost of other methods is higher. Summary: From an economic point of view, the isoprene dehydrogenation technology developed by the former Soviet Union to produce isoprene has been declining and cannot be compared with the cracking C5 separation method. For the students participating in the chemical design competition, it is even more difficult to check the documents of the former Soviet Union decades ago. Even if they find them, they are still in Russian, and they can’t understand them. From a technical point of view, the reaction part is similar to the catalytic cracking unit, which is extremely complex, with many side reactions, more complex components and great difficulty in product separation. It is conceivable that such a huge workload and technical difficulty will defeat a large number of heroes.

Track real-time price movement of Cyclopentane for informed purchase decisions

Product FOB Prices (Up/Down %)

Cyclopentane, 95% (0%)

The cost of Cyclopentane Pure hovered around USD 1.503-1.605/KG on a FOB Qingdao basis on March 04, 2023

Cyclopentane, 99% (0%)

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C5H10

CAS Number: 287-92-3

Molecular Weight: 70.13

Beilstein: 1900195

EC Number: 206-016-6

MDL number: MFCD00001356

NACRES: NA.24

assay: ≥95.0% (GC)

Autoignition temp.: 682 °F

Shelf life: limited shelf life, expiry date on the label

Expl. lim.: 8.7 %

Technique(s): HPLC: suitable
Gas chromatography (GC): suitable

BP: 50 °C (lit.)

MP:−94 °C (lit.)

Density: 0.751 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Application(s): environmental

SMILES string: C1CCCC1

InChI: 1S/C5H10/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5H2

InChI key: RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Search & Find Cyclopentane Online. Get a Fast, Quick Quote for Cyclopentane. View Products. View News. Looking for similar products? Visit: JunyuanPetroleumGroup.com

The price of Cyclopentane on 03.05.2023

The price of Cyclopentane in the Chinese market today (03.05.2023) is CNY13,000/MT, with a daily increase of CNY500, and the price rises by 4%.

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate 03.05.2023

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate is at a current level of 6.910, up from 6.865 the previous market day and up from 6.317 one year ago.

Product Name: Cyclopentane, 95%

CAS: 287-92-3

IUPAC Name: cyclopentane

Molecular Formula:C5H10

InChI Key: RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES:C1CCCC1

Molecular Weight (g/mol):70.14

Synonym: cyclopentane pentamethylene zyklopentan ciclopentano hsdb 62

Refractive Index: 1.4030-1.4090 @ 20C

Appearance (Color): Clear colorless

Form: Liquid

Assay (GC): ≥95.0%

Identification (FTIR): Conforms

Description

Cyclopentane is the lightest non-polar cycloalkane solvent used by the chemical industry. Its cyclical structure provides a higher solubility coefficient than branched or linear hydrocarbons, while its low molecular weight results in one of the lowest heat of vaporization values a among non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.

Features

• High solubility coefficient

• non polar

• low heat vaporization

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Applications

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Solubility

Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.

Notes

Avoid heat, direct sunlight, flames and sparks. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

RUO – Research Use Only

n-Pentane Price Update on 03.04.2023

n-Pentane n-Pentane price update, the latest n-Pentane price in the Chinese market (03.04.2023). Today’s US Dollar/CNY exchange rate: 1 dollar=6.88 CNY.Latest FOB price (CNY/MT) 8,100. Up 50, PCT Change 0.6%n-PentaneSynonyms: PentaneLinear Formula: CH3(CH2)3CH3CAS Number: 109-66-0Molecular Weight: 72.15In March, the FOB price of n-Pentane was estimated to be around 1,180-1,195 USD/MT, up around 15-20 USD/MT from February levels. In the fourth quarter of 2022, offers increased significantly, mostly in the Chinese market.For more information about the price of n-Pentane and the price change of n-Pentane, please follow the quotation column of the market center of Junyuan Petroleum Group’s n-Pentane price channel: n-Pentane priceOverviewJunyuan Petroleum Group is one of China’s largest Pentane, Hexane, Heptane and Butane companies manufacturing a vast range of solvents and chemicals. We have a proudly earned solid 17-year track record in both the domestic and international markets. Our company is headquartered at our world-class manufacturing facility in Dongying and Dushanzi, ChinaWebsite: JunyuanPetroleumGroup.comIndustry: Chemical ManufacturingCompany Size: 501 – 1,000 employeesHeadquarters: DongyingТуре: Public CompanyFounded: 2006Specialties: Solvents and Chemicals

Pentane Blends

Pentane Blends/Blowing Agents

Pentane is the most common expansion agent in EPS production. Low concentration of pentane can be trapped during production, inside the closed cells of EPS. By the end of the production cycle, EPS products may still contain 1-2% of Pentane by weight (Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company, a subsidiary of Junyuan Petroleum Group) . At this concentration, pentane can build up in the air around EPS at concentrations way above the flammability point or exceed the occupational exposure limit for pentane.

S/N Item Specifications
1 Appearance Colorless transparent liquid, no turbidity
2 Mechanical Impurities Not Found
3 Sulfur(ug/ml) <5
4 Blend of n-Pentane/Isopentane(wt%) 70:30,40:60, 50:50, 80:20, 85:15
Blend of Cyclopentane/Isopentane(wt%) 70:30
5 n-Pentane, Isopentane(wt%) ≥99
Cyclopentane, Isopentane (wt%) ≥99
6 Content Difference(wt%) ±2
7 C5﹣(wt%) ≤1
8 C6+(wt%) ≤0.5
9 Total Olefins(wt%) ≤0.1
Pentane Blend and Blowing Agent

Blend of n-Pentane/Isopentane(wt%) 70:30,40:60, 50:50, 80:20, 85:15 Blend of Cyclopentane/Isopentane(wt%) 70:30

Physical and chemical properties of pentane
Pentane isomers that are used as expanding agents for EPS

Isomer  Formula   Boiling point
n-Pentane CH3 – ( CH2 )3 – CH3 36.1 °C
Isopentane CH3 – CH( CH3 ) – CH2 – CH3 28.0 °C
Cyclopentane  CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 49.0 °C

A company has been investigating a range of new blowing agents, previously identified as the AFA series (1). Designed for most PUR applications including appliances, pour-in-place (PiP), spray, and polyisocyanurate (PIR) bunstock/boardstock, these molecules possess very low global warming potential and negligible ozone depletion.
Among them, Forane® FBA 1233zd, which is a liquid under ambient conditions, is a potential candidate for replacement of HFCs 245fa and 365mfc and pentanes. Table below summarizes the properties of Forane® FBA 1233zd and references other blowing agents currently in use such as cyclopentane (cC5), isopentane (iC5), normal pentane (nC5), HFC 245fa, HFC 365mfc and HCFC 141b.

Pentane as expanding agent for EPS

Ever since EPS was developed, predominantly, almost exclusively, pentane has been used as its expanding agent (with approx. 6 %, based on EPS weight). Mainly n-pentane was, and still is, used. Various EPS raw material manufacturers add some Iso-pentane and recently some also add Cyclopentane. All these pentane isomers cause the same reactions in air (Ozone formation) and therefore are treated all as VOCs by environmental authorities.

Applications:

  • EPS Blowing Agent
  • Electronic Cleaning
  • Chemical Solvent
  • Aerosol Propellant
  • Others

Customs code of cyclopentane

What’s the HS Code of Cyclopentane?

Basic Information

What’s the HS Code of Cyclopentane?
The HS code of Cyclopentane is 2902199090

HS Code 2902199090
Product Name Cyclopentane and other cycloalkanes, cyclones and cycloterpenes
Synonyms PENTAMETHYLENE;Cyclopentan;opentane;
Cyclopcntan;CYCLOPENTANE;Cyclopentane 5;
BLENDED PENTANE;Cyclopentane
Cyclopentane,95+%;CYCLOPENTANE
OEKANAL
Product Description Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C₅H₁₀ and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It occurs as a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its melting point is −94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.
HS Code Status Normal
Updated on August 10, 2022

isopentane in ISO Tank container, purity greater than 99%

2-Methylbutane, Extra Pure, ≥99%

2-Methylbutane

Extra Pure, ≥99%

Synonym(s): Isopentane

  • ≥95% for general laboratory use.

Manufacturer: Junyuan Petroleum Group

CAS Numbers (All): 78-78-4

EC Number: 201-142-8

Linear Formula: CH3CH2CH(CH3)2

Specifications 

Vapor Pressure:

11.17 psi ( 20 °C)

Identity (IR):

complying

Assay (GC)

Min. 99.0 %

Autoignition Temperature:

788 °F

Explosion Limit:

8.3 %

Refractive Index:

n20/D 1.354(lit.)

Vapor Density:

2.6 (vs air)

Applications

2-Methylbutane is used as a chemical intermediate. It acts as a blowing agent for polystyrene and gasoline additive. It is used as a solvent of polyethylene and involved in the preparation of polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Further, it is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to operate turbines. In addition to this, it is used to freeze biological samples like tissues in place of dry ice for cryosectioning in histology.


Isopentane is suggested to maximise the ORC electric efficiency.


Keywords: organic Rankine cycle; geothermal source; transcritical cycle; internal heat exchange; domestic application; electricity production


Notes

Store in a cool place. Incompatible with rubber, plastics and oxidizing agents.

Pentane Formula, Properties, Uses and Isomers

Pentane – Thermophysical Properties

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of pentane, also called n-pentane. Phase diagram included.

Physical Properties The boiling points of the pentane isomers range from about 9 to 36 °C. As is the case for other alkanes, the more branched isomers tend to have lower boiling points.

Usually, n-Pentane is used as a refrigeration or air conditioning substance, effectively replacing substances such as fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia. Here are some of its potential uses: refrigerant R601, non-polar solvent polyethylene process medium, how to use Isopentane? Isopentane is widely used. Firstly, it is an important refrigerant, which is used as the mixed refrigerant component of condensation inducer and LNG in LLDPE unit of olefin plant; Used for blending octane number of oil products;

Usage: isopentane is widely used. First, it is an important refrigerant of olefin unit, condensation inducer of LLDPE unit and LNG mixed refrigerant components; Used for blending oil octane number; It is widely used in organic synthesis reactions and the separation and purification of organic compounds; Secondly, isopentane dehydrogenation can be made of isoprene and isoprene, and isopentanol is obtained by chlorination and hydrolysis. It is also an important raw material for organic synthesis. Isopentane can also be used with n-pentane in EPS (expandable polystyrene) blowing agent, or with cyclopentane as rigid polyurethane blowing agent. It is mainly used in organic synthesis and also as a solvent.

Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the most important raw material for high-performance insulation in refrigerators. 

Pentane, C5H12, is a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. It belongs to the organic class alkanes, and is naturally present in crude oils and condensates. It is a component of some fuels and is employed as a specialty solvent in the laboratory.

The boling point 36°C/97°F, and the vapors are heavier than air. Both the liquid an the vapor are flammable.

The phase diagram of pentane is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of pentane:
Values are given for liquid at 25oC /77oF / 298 K and 1 bara, if not other phase, temperature or pressure given.

Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit
Autoignition temperature 533 K 260 °C 500 °F
Boiling Point 309.2 K 36.06 °C 96.9 °F
Critical density 3.22 mol/dm3 232 kg/m3 0.450 slug/ft3 14.5 lb/ft3
Critical pressure 3.36 MPa=MN/m2 33.6 bar 33.2 atm 487 psi=lbf/in2
Critical temperature 469.8 K 196.7 °C 386.0 °F
Critical volume 311 cm3/mol 0.00431 m3/kg 2.22 ft3/slug 0.0690 ft3/lb
Density 8606 mol/m3 620.9 kg/m3 1.205 slug/ft3 38.76 lb/ft3
Flammable, gas and liquid yes
Flash point 224 K -49 °C -56 °F
Gas constant, individual, R 115.2 J/kg K 0.03201 Wh/(kg K) 689.1 [ft lbf/slug °R] 21.42 [ft lbf/lb °R]
Gibbs free energy of formation (gas) -8 kJ/mol -111 kJ/kg -48 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (gas) -3535 kJ/mol -48996 kJ/kg -21.1 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (liquid) -3509 kJ/mol -48636 kJ/kg -20.9 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) -147.0 kJ/mol -2037 kJ/kg -876 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (liquid) -173 kJ/mol -2398 kJ/kg -1031 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at -202 °F/-130°C 8.4 kJ/mol 116 kJ/kg 50.05 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation, at -202°F/-130°C 42 kJ/mol 582 kJ/kg 250 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation 26.4 kJ/mol 366 kJ/kg 157 Btu/lb
Heat capacity, Cp (gas) 120.0 J/mol K 1.66 kJ/kg K 0.397 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat, Cp (liquid) 168.0 J/mol K 2.33 kJ/kg K 0.556 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat, Cv (liquid) 125.0 J/mol K 1.73 kJ/kg K 0.414 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Ionization potential 10.34 eV
log KOW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient) 3.39
Melting point 143.48 K -129.7 °C -201.4 °F
Molecular Weight 72.149 g/mol 0.15906 lb/mol
Solubility in water, at 25°C 0.038 mg/ml
Sound velocity 1012 m/s 3319 ft/s 2267 mi/h
Specific Gravity (gas) (relativ to air) 2.48
Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water) 0.63
Specific Heat Ratio (gas) – CP/CV 1.09
Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) – CP/CV 1.34
Specific Volume 0.0001162 m3/mol 0.0016106 m3/kg 0.8300514 ft3/slug 0.0257988 ft3/lb
Standard molar entropy, S° (gas) 348 J/mol K 4.82 kJ/kg K 1.15 Btu/lb °F
Standard molar entropy, S° (liquid) 263 J/mol K 3.65 kJ/kg K 0.87 Btu/lb °F
Surface tension 16.0 dynes/cm 0.016 N/m
Thermal Conductivity 0.111 W/m°C 0.064135 Btu/hr ft °F
Triple point pressure 7.63*10-8 MPa=MN/m2 7.63*10-7 bar 7.53*10-7 atm 1.11*10-5 psi=lbf/in2
Triple point temperature 143.5 K -129.7 °C -201.46 °F
Vapor (saturation) pressure 0.0685 MPa=MN/m2 514.0 mm Hg 0.6762 atm 9.94 psi=lbf/in2
Viscosity, dynamic (absolute) 0.2224 cP 149.4 [lbm /ft s*10-6] 4.64 [lbf s/ft2 *10-6]
Viscosity, kinematic 0.358 cSt 3.9 [ft2/s*10-6]

Density and specific weight of liquid pentane at varying temperature and atmospheric pressure, SI and Imperial units:

Density units conversion of Pentane:

kilogram/cubic meter [kg/m3] = gram/liter [g/l], kilogram/liter [kg/l] = gram/cubic centimeter [g/cm3]= ton(metric)/cubic meter [t/m3], once/gallon(US liquid) [oz/gal(US liq)] pound/cubic inch [lb/in3], pound/cubic foot [lb/ft3], pound/gallon(UK) [lb/gal(UK)], pound/gallon(US liquid) [lb/gal(US liq)], slug/cubic foot [sl/ft3], ton(short)/cubic yard [ton(short)/yd3], ton(long)/cubic yard [yd3]

  • 1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/l = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.428 lb/ft3 = 0.03613 lb/in3 = 1.9403 sl/ft3 = 10.0224 lb/gal(UK) = 8.3454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.5780 oz/in= 0.7525 ton(long)/yr3
  • 1 g/l = 1 kg/m3 = 0.001 kg/l = 0.000001 kg/cm3 = 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.99885 oz/ft3  = 0.0005780 oz/in3 = 0.16036 oz/gal(UK) = 0.1335 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.06243 lb/ft3 = 3.6127×10-5 lb/in3 = 1.6856 lb/yd3 = 0.010022 lb/gal(UK) = 0.0083454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.0007525 ton(long)/yd= 0.0008428 ton(short)/yd3
  • 1 kg/l = 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.428 lb/ft3 = 0.03613 lb/in3 = 1.9403 sl/ft3 = 8.3454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.5780 oz/in= 0.7525 ton(long)/yr3
  • 1 kg/m3 = 1 g/l = 0.001 kg/l = 0.000001 kg/cm3 = 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.99885 oz/ft3  = 0.0005780 oz/in3 = 0.16036 oz/gal(UK) = 0.1335 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.06243 lb/ft3 = 3.6127×10-5 lb/in3 = 1.6856 lb/yd3 = 0.010022 lb/gal(UK) = 0.008345 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.0007525 ton(long)/yd = 0.0008428 ton(short)/yd
  • 1 lb/ft3 = 27 lb/yd3 = 0.009259 oz/in= 0.0005787 lb/in= 16.01845 kg/m3 = 0.01602 g/cm3  = 0.1605 lb/gal(UK) = 0.1349 lb/gal(US liq) = 2.5687 oz/gal(UK) = 2.1389 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.01205 ton(long)/yd3 = 0.0135 ton(short)/yd3
  • 1 lb/gal(UK) = 0.8327 lb/gal(US liq) = 16 oz/gal(UK) = 13.323 oz/gal(US liq) = 168.179 lb/yd3 = 6.2288 lb/ft3 = 0.003605 lb/in3 = 0.05767 oz/in = 99.7764 kg/m3 = 0.09977 g/cm3  = 0.07508 ton(long)/yd3 = 0.08409 ton(short)/yd3
  • 1 lb/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 lb/gal(UK) = 19.215 oz/gal(UK) = 16 oz/gal(US liq) = 201.97 lb/yd3 = 7.4805 lb/ft3 = 0.004329 lb/in3 = 0.06926 oz/in = 119.826 kg/m3 = 0.1198 g/cm3  = 0.09017 ton(long)/yd3 = 0.1010 ton(short)/yd3
  • 1 lb/in3 = 1728 lb/ft3 = 46656 lb/yd3 = 16 oz/in= 27680 kg/m3 = 27.680 g/cm3  = 277.419 lb/gal(UK) = 231 lb/gal(US liq) =4438.7 oz/gal(UK) = 3696 oz/gal(US liq) = 20.8286 ton(long)/yd3 = 23.3280 ton(short)/yd3
  • 1 oz/gal(UK) =  0.8327 oz/gal(US liq) = 6.2360 kg/m3 = 6.2288 oz/ft3 = 0.3893 lb/ft3 = 10.5112 lb/yd3
  • 1 oz/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 oz/gal(UK) = 7.4892 kg/m3 = 7.4805 oz/ft3 = 0.4675 lb/ft3 = 12.6234 lb/yd3
  • 1 sl/ft3 = 515.3788 kg/m3 = 514.7848 oz/ft3 = 0.2979 oz/in3 = 32.1741 lb/ft3 = 82.645 oz/gal(UK) = 68.817 oz/gal(US liq) 
  • 1 ton(long)/yd3 = 1.12 ton(short)/yd3 = 1328.94 kg/m3 = 0.7682 oz/in3 = 82.963 lb/ft3 = 2240 lb/yd3 = 2.5786 sl/ft3 = 13.319 lb/gal(UK) = 11.0905 lb/gal(US liq)
  • 1 ton(short)/yd3 = 0.8929 ton(long)/yd3 = 1186.55 kg/m3 = 0.6859 oz/in3 = 74.074 lb/ft3 = 2000 lb/yd3 = 2.3023 sl/ft3 = 11.8921 lb/gal(UK) = 9.9023 lb/gal(US liq)


Pentane Phase Digaram

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