Category Cyclopentane

Polyurethane foam is a versatile material that is widely used in various applications, such as insulation, cushioning, packaging, and furniture. Polyurethane foam is made by reacting polyols (alcohol-based compounds) with isocyanates (organic compounds that contain nitrogen and carbon) in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent. The blowing agent is a substance that creates bubbles in the mixture, forming a cellular structure in the foam.

Cyclopentane is a type of hydrocarbon that has a ring of five carbon atoms. Cyclopentane can be used as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam, because it has a low boiling point (49°C) and a high vapor pressure (0.5 MPa at 25°C). This means that cyclopentane can easily evaporate and expand when heated, creating gas bubbles in the polyurethane mixture. Cyclopentane also has some advantages over other blowing agents, such as being non-flammable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.

The synthesis of polyurethane foam from cyclopentane can be summarized as follows:

1. A polyol, an isocyanate, a catalyst, and a small amount of cyclopentane are mixed together in a container at room temperature.
2. The mixture is transferred to a mold or a spray gun, where it is heated to about 60°C. The heat causes the polyol and the isocyanate to react, forming a polymer network. At the same time, the cyclopentane vaporizes and expands, creating bubbles in the polymer network.
3. The foam solidifies and cools down, forming a rigid or flexible polyurethane foam, depending on the type and ratio of the ingredients used.

Polyurethane foam made from cyclopentane has good thermal insulation, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability. It can be used for various purposes, such as refrigerators, water heaters, building walls, mattresses, and car seats.

n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane are all saturated hydrocarbons that have five carbon atoms. They have different molecular structures and physical properties, which make them suitable for different uses. Some of the common applications for these Pentane isomers are:

• Blowing agents for insulation materials: Pentanes are the foaming agent of choice for producing Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) insulation boards. They have a high performance and sustainability, as they do not deplete the ozone layer or contribute to global warming. Cyclopentane has the best insulating effect, while n-Pentane and Isopentane have more stable and finer foam cells².
• Refrigerants: n-Pentane can be used as a refrigerant in air conditioning or refrigeration systems, as an alternative to ammonia or fluorinated hydrocarbons. It has a low boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporization, which means it can absorb a lot of heat when it changes from liquid to gas¹.
• Non-polar solvents: Pentanes are almost insoluble in water, but show very good solubility or unlimited miscibility with many organic solvents such as paraffins, ethers, esters, aromatics or chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are also very volatile, which means they evaporate quickly and leave no residue. Therefore, they are suitable for cleaning in the aerospace, automobile, electronic, and defense manufacturing industries¹⁵.
• Process media for polyethylene and polypropylene: Pentanes can be used as process media for the production of polyethylene (PE, LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP), which are widely used plastics. Pentanes help to control the molecular weight, branching and crystallinity of the polymers, which affect their mechanical and thermal properties¹.

These are some of the main applications for n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane. I hope this overview is helpful for you.

SINOPETROCHEM reported on April 19th that the EXW quotation for pentane foaming agents (with a total pentane content >99%) in the Chinese market is CNY 7,350/MT, and production and sales are normal.

April 19, 2023 USD TO CNY TODAY

Actual USD to CNY exchange rate equal to 6.8750 Chinese Yuans per 1 Dollar.

Pentane is colourless with a very low odour and high volatility thanks to its low, narrow boiling range – it is among the lowest boiling hydrocarbon liquids and so evaporates at a very high rate. It is used principally as a blowing agent in foam production, as a propellant in aerosols and as reaction media for polymerisation processes.

Isopentane, Cyclopentane and Normal Pantene Blend Market Growth and Share Research 2023 | by Industry Types [Pentane 85/15, Pentane 80/20], and Applications [EPS Blowing Agent, Electronic Cleaning ,Chemical Solvent], Global Cyclopentane, Isopentane and Normalpentane Blend key players include Shell, Phillips 66, Junyuan Petroleum Group, ExxonMobil Chemical, TOP Solvent, etc.

China is the largest market, with a share over 30Percent, followed by Europe and North America, both have a share about 50Percent.
In terms of product, Pentane 60/40 is the largest segment, with a share over 30Percent. And in terms of application, the largest application is EPS Blowing Agent
, followed by Chemical Solvent, Electronic Cleaning, etc.

Cyclo-isopentane polyurethane foam insulation meets EU ROHS directive for a green and safe environment. Optimized hydrocarbon refrigeration system. As a blowing agent, cyclo- pentane has been confirmed as a long-term alternative to. R11. The mixture of isopentane and pentane was also.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is one of the largest n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane manufacturers in China and your partner for tailor-made n-Pentane, iso-Pentane, Cyclopentane and blends.

Product Name: Cyclopentane, 95%

CAS: 287-92-3

IUPAC Name: cyclopentane

Molecular Formula:C5H10

InChI Key: RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES:C1CCCC1

Molecular Weight (g/mol):70.14

Synonym: cyclopentane pentamethylene zyklopentan ciclopentano hsdb 62

Refractive Index: 1.4030-1.4090 @ 20C

Appearance (Color): Clear colorless

Form: Liquid

Assay (GC): ≥95.0%

Identification (FTIR): Conforms

Description

Cyclopentane is the lightest non-polar cycloalkane solvent used by the chemical industry. Its cyclical structure provides a higher solubility coefficient than branched or linear hydrocarbons, while its low molecular weight results in one of the lowest heat of vaporization values a among non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.

Features

• High solubility coefficient

• non polar

• low heat vaporization

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Applications

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Solubility

Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.

Notes

Avoid heat, direct sunlight, flames and sparks. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

RUO – Research Use Only

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Many manufacturers will be using a new, more environmentally friendly insulation material, called cyclopentane, in the manufacture of select refrigerators and freezers. Cyclopentane is a blowing agent for the polyurethane foams that are used to insulate refrigerators and freezers. Unlike some other chemicals used to insulate refrigerators, cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs). Using cyclopentane results in significant reductions in equivalent CO₂ emissions. The most common foam-blowing agents currently used in the U.S. are R134a and R245fa. These industry-standard insulations can have a global warming potential (GWP) as high as 1300 (134a) and 950 (245a). In contrast, the foam-blowing agent cyclopentane has a GWP of approximately 10. When it comes to GWPs, the lower the number is, the better it is for the environment, so cyclopentane is clearly the more environmentally friendly choice. Cyclopentane increases the efficiency of the insulation foam by approximately 4 percent over the R134a foam currently used in most refrigeration products. Cyclopentane has been very popular as a blowing agent in Europe since the early 1990s, but the cost of retrofitting existing production facilities and the lack of U.S. regulations restricting the use of HFCs has delayed implementation in the U.S. However, there are other manufacturers currently selling refrigerators in the U.S. that use cyclopentane. Compared to other insulating foams, cyclopentane is competitively priced and relatively easy to produce. Like many gases, in its pure form, cyclopentane is a highly evaporative and flammable material. However once foamed, the unit is no more hazardous than a unit foamed with other blowing agents. As with any of our manufacturing processes, we’ve integrated a wide variety of redundant engineering and operational safeguards. To learn more about cyclopentane, click here.

 Common questions about cyclopentane

Q: What is this new material being used in the foam insulation?
A: The new material is called cyclopentane, a highly evaporative gas that is used to apply the foam insulations in refrigeration units. 

Q: What is cyclopentane?
A: Cyclopentane is a blowing agent for the polyurethane foams that are used to insulate refrigerators and freezers. 

Q: What are the benefits of using cyclopentane instead of other materials?
A: From an environmental perspective, unlike some other chemicals used to insulate refrigerators, cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs). Using cyclopentane results in significant reductions in equivalent CO₂ emissions. 

Q: What foam-blowing agents are most commonly used in the U.S.? How is cyclopentane different?
A: The most common foam-blowing agents in the U.S. right now are R134a and R245fa. These two industry-standard insulations can have a global warming potential (GWP) as high as 1300 (134a) and 950 (245a). Comparatively, the foam-blowing agent cyclopentane has a GWP of approximately 10. When it comes to GWPs, the lower the number is, the less adverse impact on the environment, so cyclopentane is clearly a better choice. 

Q: Are there significant insulating advantages, as well?
A: Yes, cyclopentane is approximately 4 percent more efficient than the R134a foam we currently use in most of our products. 

Q: Do other refrigerators available in the U.S. market use cyclopentane?
A: There are other manufacturers currently selling refrigerators in the U.S. that use cyclopentane. 

Q: Why hasn’t cyclopentane caught on in the United States?
A: It has been very popular as a blowing agent in Europe since the early 1990s, but the cost of retrofitting existing production facilities and the lack of U.S. regulations restricting the use of HFC’s has delayed implementation in the U.S. 

Q: Is it more expensive than other insulating materials?
A: It is competitively priced and relatively easy to produce. 

Q: Is it dangerous?
A: Like many gases, in its pure form, cyclopentane is a highly evaporative and flammable material. However once foamed, the unit is no more hazardous than a unit foamed with other blowing agents. As with any of our manufacturing processes, we’ve integrated a wide variety of redundant engineering and operational safeguards.

The Oigin of Cyclopentane
A colorless, water-insoluble liquid, C5H10, obtained from petroleum and used chiefly as a solvent. Cyclopentane is a flammable liquid and its vapors can be explosive. Cyclopentane has a bond angle of about 108°C. This minimal ring strain for cyclopentane makes it a more stable compound.

Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more carbon rings. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.

Cyclopentane is a twisted ring in the form of an “envelope” so that one of the carbon atoms is out of the plane of the ring.

Cyclopentane is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S.

Cyclopentane is formed from pentane and is an alicyclic hydrocarbon compound that falls in the category of an alkane.

Cyclopentane is treated with chlorine in the presence of light or heat to form chloro cyclopentane which then reacts with KOC(CH3)3 forming cyclopentene. Cyclopentane has a bond angle of about 108o. This minimal ring strain for cyclopentane makes it a more stable compound. Besides, this compound occurs as a colourless liquid, and it is flammable. Moreover, it has a petrol-like odour. Cyclopentane is a simple hydrocarbon. If 0.0956 g of the compound is combusted in oxygen, 0.300 g of carbon dioxide and 0.123 g of water are produced.

Boiling point: 49 °C
Melting point: −94 °C
Molecular formula: C5H10
Other names: pentamethylene

Cyclopentane makes important contribution to energy efficiency. Junyuan Petroleum Group is a leading manufacturer of Pentanes in China.

The price of Cyclopentane in the Chinese market today (03.05.2023) is CNY13,000/MT, with a daily increase of CNY500, and the price rises by 4%.

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate 03.05.2023

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate is at a current level of 6.910, up from 6.865 the previous market day and up from 6.317 one year ago.

Product Name: Cyclopentane, 95%

CAS: 287-92-3

IUPAC Name: cyclopentane

Molecular Formula:C5H10

InChI Key: RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES:C1CCCC1

Molecular Weight (g/mol):70.14

Synonym: cyclopentane pentamethylene zyklopentan ciclopentano hsdb 62

Refractive Index: 1.4030-1.4090 @ 20C

Appearance (Color): Clear colorless

Form: Liquid

Assay (GC): ≥95.0%

Identification (FTIR): Conforms

Description

Cyclopentane is the lightest non-polar cycloalkane solvent used by the chemical industry. Its cyclical structure provides a higher solubility coefficient than branched or linear hydrocarbons, while its low molecular weight results in one of the lowest heat of vaporization values a among non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.

Features

• High solubility coefficient

• non polar

• low heat vaporization

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Applications

Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.

Solubility

Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.

Notes

Avoid heat, direct sunlight, flames and sparks. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

RUO – Research Use Only

Cyclopentane is a cyclic hydrocarbon. It is a component of gasoline and is used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubber adhesives, and also as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam. Cyclopentane is a cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes. It has a role as a non-polar solvent. It is a member of cyclopentanes, a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is the leading maker of Cyclopentane industry standards in China
Our Cyclopentane production capacity is in the forefront of the industry, accounting for 43% of the industry’s sales.

In the existing production technology, Cyclopentane can be obtained by many methods, but the method of hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene has the most industrial application prospect. The product has been hydrogenated three times, with advanced production technology, stable product indicators, green environmental protection, and special logistics vehicle delivery.
Purchase and Find information on CAS 287-92-3, Cyclopentane which meets or exceeds the grade requirements or specifications for each fine chemical.
Synonyms:
Ciclopentano
Cyclopentadienes
Cyclopentan
Cyclopentanes
Cyclopentene
Pentamethylene
Zyklopentan
Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.