Tag n-Pentane

Excerpt:

Molecular sieve dewaxing (MSDW) is a process that uses zeolite catalysts to selectively convert long-chain n-paraffins into isoparaffins, thereby reducing the pour point and cloud point of diesel and lubricating oil. MSDW is an alternative to conventional solvent dewaxing, which has high energy consumption and environmental pollution.

One of the key factors affecting the performance of MSDW is the choice of desorbent, which is used to regenerate the catalyst after the reaction. Desorbent should have a low boiling point, a high selectivity for n-paraffins, and a low solubility in the product oil. Among various candidates, n-pentane has been widely used as a desorbent in MSDW due to its advantages of low cost, easy availability, and high efficiency.

n-Pentane can effectively desorb the n-paraffins from the catalyst pores and restore the catalyst activity. n-Pentane can also improve the product quality by reducing the aromatics and sulfur content in the product oil. Moreover, n-pentane can be easily separated from the product oil by distillation, and recycled for reuse in the process.

In this article, we will introduce the principle and mechanism of MSDW, the properties and advantages of n-pentane as a desorbent, and the optimization and control of the process parameters. We will also review the recent developments and challenges of MSDW, and provide some suggestions for future research.

Expandable polystyrene (EPS) is a type of thermoplastic foam that can be expanded by heating to form various shapes and sizes of products. EPS is composed of polystyrene beads or granules that contain a blowing agent and other additives. The most commonly used blowing agent for EPS is pentane, a low-boiling hydrocarbon that can generate gas bubbles when heated.

EPS has many advantages, such as low density, good thermal insulation, sound absorption, shock resistance, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. EPS is widely used in packaging, insulation, food containers, furniture, appliances, and automotive industries.

Pentane is a colorless, flammable, and volatile liquid that belongs to the alkane family. Pentane has three isomers: n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. Pentane is mainly used as a solvent, a fuel, and a blowing agent for EPS and other foams.

The global production of pentane is dominated by a few leading companies, such as Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Junyuan Petroleum Group and Total. These companies have advanced technologies, large-scale facilities, and extensive distribution networks to meet the growing demand for pentane, especially in the emerging markets of Asia and Africa.

n-Pentane is a hydrocarbon that has various applications in the industrial sector, such as solvent, fuel, and blowing agent for foam production. It is also a component of natural gas and gasoline. In UAE and Dubai, there are several suppliers and manufacturers of n-Pentane, such as Oberoi Refining, SIO365, and LuLu Hypermarket. However, one of the most prominent and reliable suppliers is Junyuan Petroleum Group, a global leader in the production and distribution of Pentanes, Hexanes, and Heptanes.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a Chinese company that was founded in 2006 and has seven subsidiaries that cover a complete petroleum finishing industry chain. The company has a state-of-the-art, purpose-built manufacturing facility in Shandong, where it produces a wide range of specialty solvents in bulk. Junyuan Petroleum Group also has a subsidiary plant in Xinjiang, where it produces Sodium Methoxide, another important chemical product. The company has a specialist export division that delivers high-quality chemicals to customers in Africa, the Americas, Middle East and Asia, including UAE and Dubai.

Junyuan Petroleum Group offers n-Pentane products with different purity levels, ranging from 95% to 99%. The company also provides n-Pentane blends with Isopentane for different applications, such as geothermal power stations and hair care products. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s n-Pentane products have unrivaled consistency and uniformity, and meet the highest standards of quality and safety. The company also provides convenient and efficient logistics and dedicated after-sales service to its customers.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a trusted source for chemical solvents and a leading supplier of n-Pentane in UAE and Dubai. For more information, please visit their website or contact them directly.

N-pentane is a simple molecule with five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. It is a clear, flammable, and evaporating liquid that belongs to a group of chemicals called alkanes. N-pentane is widely used as an extractant, which means it can dissolve or separate some substances from a mixture. Extraction is a useful technique in many industries, such as oil, food, and medicine, to isolate and purify valuable products.

One of the main applications of n-pentane as an extractant is in the oil industry. N-pentane can separate different types of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made of carbon and hydrogen, from crude oil and natural gas. By doing so, n-pentane can improve the quality and yield of gasoline and diesel, which are important fuels for transportation and power generation.

Another application of n-pentane as an extractant is in the food industry. N-pentane can extract essential oils, flavors, and aromas from plants, fruits, and spices. These extracts can be used to enhance the taste and smell of food and beverages. N-pentane can also remove unwanted components from food, such as pigments, waxes, and pesticides, which can affect the color, texture, and safety of food.

A third application of n-pentane as an extractant is in the pharmaceutical industry. N-pentane can extract active ingredients, vitamins, and antioxidants from herbs, flowers, and seeds. These extracts can be used to make drugs and medicines that can treat various diseases and improve health. N-pentane can also purify drugs and medicines by removing impurities and contaminants that can reduce their effectiveness and quality.

N-pentane has several advantages as an extractant, such as low cost, high availability, low toxicity, high selectivity, and easy recovery. However, n-pentane also has some challenges and risks, such as flammability, volatility, and environmental impact. Therefore, n-pentane should be used with caution and care, and some alternatives or improvements should be explored for future development.

N-pentane is a versatile and valuable extractant that has many applications in different fields. By understanding its properties and functions, we can appreciate its role in our daily life and society.

As a leading chemical company, at Junyuan Petroleum Group we are committed to providing high-quality and innovative products to our customers around the world. However, delivering chemical samples to different countries and regions is not a simple task. It requires careful planning and execution, as well as compliance with various laws and regulations. To ensure the safety and legality of our sample shipments, we follow these steps: – We identify the type and hazard level of our chemical samples, and whether they need any special permits or certificates. – We choose the appropriate shipping service and mode of transportation, such as air, land or sea, that meet the international or domestic transport rules. – We use proper packaging materials and labels, to prevent leakage, damage or mishandling of our samples. – We fill out complete and accurate shipping documents, including the information of the recipient and the sender, as well as the name, quantity, hazard level and other relevant information of our samples. – We hand over the shipping documents and samples to the shipping service provider, pay the corresponding fees, and track the shipping status. By following these steps, we can ensure that our samples reach our customers in a timely and efficient manner, and that we maintain our reputation as a reliable and trustworthy partner. We are always ready to serve our customers with our best products and services. Some of our most popular products are n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Blowing Agents, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Butane and Isobutane. These products are widely used in the production of insulation materials, such as Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) foams. They have different properties and advantages, depending on the application and the desired insulation performance¹². For example, Cyclopentane offers an extremely high and lasting insulating effect, as it remains partially in the cells of PU and PIR foams after foaming¹. N-Pentane and Iso-Pentane have a lower insulating effect than Cyclopentane, but they are more stable and the individual cells are firmer and finer². Blowing Agents are mixtures of different Pentanes, which can optimize the costs and foam properties¹. We test these products in our state-of-the-art laboratories, to ensure their quality and safety. We also customize the products according to the specific needs and preferences of our customers. For example, we can adjust the purity, viscosity, boiling point, and flash point of the products, to suit different applications and climates. The typical amount of samples that our customers request is around 250 milliliters, but this may vary depending on the product and the customer’s requirements. We always try to accommodate the requests of our customers, as long as they are reasonable and legal. We also provide technical support and guidance, to help our customers use our products effectively and efficiently.

Source:
(1) Which Pentanes are suitable for the production of insulating materials?
(2) Which Pentane Blowing Agent is Best for Your Application?
(3) Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the …. https://junyuanpetroleumgroup.com/chemical-manufacturer-supplier-distributor/cyclopentane-as-a-blowing-agent-in-polyurethane-pu-foams-is-the-most-important-raw-material-for-high-performance-insulation-in-refrigerators/.
(4) N-Heptane Vs N-Pentane

n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane are all saturated hydrocarbons that have five carbon atoms. They have different molecular structures and physical properties, which make them suitable for different uses. Some of the common applications for these Pentane isomers are:

• Blowing agents for insulation materials: Pentanes are the foaming agent of choice for producing Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) insulation boards. They have a high performance and sustainability, as they do not deplete the ozone layer or contribute to global warming. Cyclopentane has the best insulating effect, while n-Pentane and Isopentane have more stable and finer foam cells².
• Refrigerants: n-Pentane can be used as a refrigerant in air conditioning or refrigeration systems, as an alternative to ammonia or fluorinated hydrocarbons. It has a low boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporization, which means it can absorb a lot of heat when it changes from liquid to gas¹.
• Non-polar solvents: Pentanes are almost insoluble in water, but show very good solubility or unlimited miscibility with many organic solvents such as paraffins, ethers, esters, aromatics or chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are also very volatile, which means they evaporate quickly and leave no residue. Therefore, they are suitable for cleaning in the aerospace, automobile, electronic, and defense manufacturing industries¹⁵.
• Process media for polyethylene and polypropylene: Pentanes can be used as process media for the production of polyethylene (PE, LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP), which are widely used plastics. Pentanes help to control the molecular weight, branching and crystallinity of the polymers, which affect their mechanical and thermal properties¹.

These are some of the main applications for n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane. I hope this overview is helpful for you.

n-Pentane and isopentane are two isomers of pentane, a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. They have the same molecular formula, C5H12, but different structures. n-Pentane has a straight chain of five carbon atoms, while isopentane has a branched chain with four carbon atoms in a row and one carbon atom attached to the second carbon atom. The difference in structure affects their physical properties, such as boiling point. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas. In this report, we will compare the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and explain the factors that determine them.

Results and Discussion

The data shows that the boiling point of n-pentane is higher than that of isopentane. According to the web search results, the boiling point of n-pentane is 36.1°C, while the boiling point of isopentane is 27.9°C. This means that n-pentane requires more energy to vaporize than isopentane. The reason for this difference is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules that hold them together in a liquid or a solid. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.

The main type of intermolecular force in n-pentane and isopentane is the van der Waals force, which is a weak attraction between the temporary dipoles of the molecules. A dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A temporary dipole is a dipole that forms when the electrons in a molecule are unevenly distributed at a certain moment. The temporary dipole of one molecule can induce a temporary dipole in another molecule, creating a van der Waals force between them.

The strength of the van der Waals force depends on the size and shape of the molecules. The larger and more elongated the molecule, the stronger the van der Waals force. This is because a larger and more elongated molecule has more surface area for the temporary dipoles to interact. n-Pentane has a larger and more elongated molecule than isopentane, as shown in the figure below.

![n-pentane and isopentane structures]

Therefore, n-pentane has stronger van der Waals forces than isopentane, and thus a higher boiling point.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, we have analyzed the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and found that n-pentane has a higher boiling point than isopentane due to the stronger van der Waals forces between its molecules. This analysis demonstrates the importance of molecular structure in determining the physical properties of substances. We recommend that you use this knowledge to understand the behavior of other hydrocarbons and their isomers.

# Polyurethane Foaming Technology Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile material with excellent properties, widely used in various industries such as automotive, household appliances, construction, electronics, footwear, packaging, helmets, sports equipment, and more. Polyurethane foaming agent is the most important additive in PU foam plastics, which directly affects the physical and mechanical properties, foam density, temperature resistance, and other aspects of PU foam. The foaming agents used to produce PU foam are usually divided into two types: chemical foaming agents and physical foaming agents. ## Chemical foaming agents Chemical foaming agents are gases produced by chemical reactions (water and isocyanate react to release CO₂) that make polyurethane foam. Examples are water, formic acid, higher organic acids (carboxylic acids), etc. ## Physical foaming agents Physical foaming agents are vaporized by the heat generated by the polyurethane polymerization reaction, making polyurethane foam. ## The evolution of foaming agents The first generation of foaming agents: low-boiling hydrocarbon compounds, mainly CFC-11, CFC-12, etc. In recent years, it has been found that these compounds are the culprit of destroying the earth’s ozone layer. After the fluorochlorocarbons enter the stratosphere, they are exposed to intense ultraviolet rays and release chlorine atoms, which cause the ozone layer to break and form ozone holes, endangering the survival of humans and other organisms. They were completely banned in 2010. The second generation of foaming agents: HCFCs (HCFC-141b difluorodichloroethane), with ideal thermal conductivity values, do not require major changes in production processes, and are widely used. However, they have high prices, and to achieve the same insulation effect as CFC-11, the foam density needs to be increased by about 10%; HCFCs have ODP values (ozone depletion potential), which still cause damage to the ozone layer. They are only a transitional foaming agent and will be gradually restricted to banned. The third generation of foaming agents: They are green foaming agents with performance close to CFC-11 and ODP (ozone depletion potential) of zero, such as HFCs, liquid CO₂, pentane series, etc. The pentane series includes cyclopentane, isopentane, and n-pentane (C5H12), which have an ODP (ozone depletion potential) value of zero, a low GWP (global warming potential) value, low toxicity, and little impact on the environment. At present, developed countries have fully applied the third-generation foaming agents. The domestic polyurethane industry started late, and small and medium-sized manufacturers of PU polyurethane composite panels are still using the second generation. Baoye Group’s Italian fully automatic composite panel production line in the Economic Development Zone of Deyang City, Sichuan Province uses the third-generation n-pentane series from Junyuan Petroleum Group, which is green and environmentally friendly, and contributes more to the realization of the country’s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” dual carbon goals. ## N-pentane polyurethane foaming technology ### The characteristics of n-pentane Appearance and properties: colorless transparent liquid, with a faint aromatic odor. Melting point (℃): -129.8 Relative density (water=1): 0.63 Boiling point (℃): 36.1 Relative vapor density (air=1): 2.48 Critical temperature (℃): 196.4 Critical pressure (MPa): 3.37 Flash point (℃): -40 Explosion upper limit (%): 7.8 Ignition temperature (℃): 260 Explosion lower limit (%): 1.5 It is mainly used in the continuous production line of polyurethane panels, as polystyrene foaming and polyurethane foaming. ### The requirements of n-pentane for equipment 1. Because n-pentane is flammable, explosive, and volatile, it has special requirements for pumps and pipelines. For users with large production volume, it is recommended to use underground storage tanks. 2. During the production process, to prevent n-pentane leakage, ventilation should be paid attention to at all times, and n-pentane leakage sensors should be installed in the main positions. 3. The metering device should be installed in a separate ventilated room and equipped with a n-pentane leakage sensor. The pre-pressure and high-pressure of the pump should be equipped with detection devices. 4. The equipment should meet the requirements of producing high flame retardant (PIR) double-track of more than 30 meters. ### The advantages of n-pentane foaming technology 1. Compared with cyclopentane, n-pentane has better foam size stability. After the panel is formed, the shrinkage of the panel in the thickness and width directions is smaller than that of cyclopentane foam. 2. N-pentane foaming products have higher compressive strength in the thickness direction than cyclopentane and HCFC-141b foaming products. The compressive strength of PIRI can reach 182kPa. 3. Under almost the same foam core density, the feed density of the n-pentane foaming formula is lower. This means that the feed amount is reduced, the foam cost has a downward trend, and the compressive strength of the foam can reach the same or higher level. 4. Because HCFC-141b is highly polar and hydrophilic, n-pentane is weakly polar and oleophilic, and isocyanate is also oleophilic, n-pentane has better solubility with isocyanate, and the emulsification effect is better during high-pressure mixing in production. Therefore, the hard foam after n-pentane foaming has uniform and finer pores. 5. After a certain formula adjustment, the flame retardant performance of the n-pentane foaming product can reach or exceed the HCFC-141b foaming product. 6. The thermal insulation performance of the polyurethane rigid foam made by using n-pentane as a foaming agent can meet the thermal insulation performance requirements of cold storage panels. Foaming agents are related to the molding and insulation of polyurethane foam, which affects the product quality; they are also related to human protection of the atmosphere and the impact on climate change.