Category Normal Pentane

Pentane: A Lightweight and Efficient Foaming Agent

Hello everyone, today we are going to talk about a chemical substance called pentane, which is a foaming agent used to prepare phenolic foam. It can make phenolic resin produce bubbles when heated, forming a lightweight foam material. Phenolic foam is a common insulation material, widely used in construction, industry, transportation and other fields, with good thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties. So, how does pentane work? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Let’s take a look.

What is pentane?

Pentane is a colorless liquid, with the chemical formula C5H12, belonging to the alkanes class of organic compounds. It has a boiling point of 36°C, a density of 0.63g/mL, and a combustion heat of 44.8MJ/kg. Pentane is a flammable and explosive substance, which will burn or explode when exposed to fire or static electricity. Therefore, safety protection and fire prevention measures should be taken when using and storing it, avoiding contact with fire and static electricity, as well as excessive inhalation and contact.

How does pentane foam?

Pentane is a physical foaming agent, and its foaming principle is to use its volatility and compressibility. When pentane is mixed with phenolic resin, it forms a uniform mixture, in which pentane exists in the resin in a liquid form. When this mixture is heated to a certain temperature, pentane will evaporate rapidly, producing a large amount of gas, which will form countless small bubbles in the resin, thus making the resin expand into foam. At the same time, the resin will undergo cross-linking reaction at high temperature, making the foam structure solidify, forming a stable foam material.

What are the advantages of pentane?

Pentane, as a foaming agent, has the following advantages:

  • Lightweight: Pentane has a small density, only half of that of water, so it can reduce the density of phenolic foam, thus reducing the weight of the foam, facilitating transportation and installation.
  • Efficient: Pentane has a low boiling point, only 36°C, so it can foam at a lower temperature, thus saving energy and improving production efficiency.
  • Clean: Pentane has a strong volatility, it will completely evaporate during the foaming process, and will not remain in the foam, so it will not affect the performance and stability of the foam, nor will it cause pollution to the environment and human body.

What are the disadvantages of pentane?

Pentane, as a foaming agent, also has the following disadvantages:

  • Dangerous: Pentane is a flammable and explosive substance, it will burn or explode when exposed to fire or static electricity, so safety protection and fire prevention measures should be taken when using and storing it, avoiding contact with fire and static electricity, as well as excessive inhalation and contact.
  • Harmful: Pentane is an organic solvent, it has a certain irritation and toxicity to the human body, long-term or large amount of inhalation or contact can cause dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing and other symptoms, and may also cause damage to the liver, kidney, nervous system and other organs.

Summary

Pentane is a lightweight and efficient foaming agent, it can make phenolic resin produce bubbles when heated, forming a lightweight foam material. Pentane has its own advantages and disadvantages, and safety and health should be paid attention to when using it. Pentane is a useful chemical substance, worthy of our understanding and utilization. I hope this article can help you better understand pentane, if you have any questions or needs, please feel free to communicate with me. 

A brief overview of some of the applications for n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane

n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane are all saturated hydrocarbons that have five carbon atoms. They have different molecular structures and physical properties, which make them suitable for different uses. Some of the common applications for these Pentane isomers are:

  • Blowing agents for insulation materials: Pentanes are the foaming agent of choice for producing Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) insulation boards. They have a high performance and sustainability, as they do not deplete the ozone layer or contribute to global warming. Cyclopentane has the best insulating effect, while n-Pentane and Isopentane have more stable and finer foam cells².
  • Refrigerants: n-Pentane can be used as a refrigerant in air conditioning or refrigeration systems, as an alternative to ammonia or fluorinated hydrocarbons. It has a low boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporization, which means it can absorb a lot of heat when it changes from liquid to gas¹.
  • Non-polar solvents: Pentanes are almost insoluble in water, but show very good solubility or unlimited miscibility with many organic solvents such as paraffins, ethers, esters, aromatics or chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are also very volatile, which means they evaporate quickly and leave no residue. Therefore, they are suitable for cleaning in the aerospace, automobile, electronic, and defense manufacturing industries¹⁵.
  • Process media for polyethylene and polypropylene: Pentanes can be used as process media for the production of polyethylene (PE, LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP), which are widely used plastics. Pentanes help to control the molecular weight, branching and crystallinity of the polymers, which affect their mechanical and thermal properties¹.

These are some of the main applications for n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane. I hope this overview is helpful for you.

The Boiling Points of n-Pentane and Isopentane: An Analysis Introduction

n-Pentane and isopentane are two isomers of pentane, a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. They have the same molecular formula, C5H12, but different structures. n-Pentane has a straight chain of five carbon atoms, while isopentane has a branched chain with four carbon atoms in a row and one carbon atom attached to the second carbon atom. The difference in structure affects their physical properties, such as boiling point. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas. In this report, we will compare the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and explain the factors that determine them.

Results and Discussion

The data shows that the boiling point of n-pentane is higher than that of isopentane. According to the web search results, the boiling point of n-pentane is 36.1°C, while the boiling point of isopentane is 27.9°C. This means that n-pentane requires more energy to vaporize than isopentane. The reason for this difference is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules that hold them together in a liquid or a solid. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.

The main type of intermolecular force in n-pentane and isopentane is the van der Waals force, which is a weak attraction between the temporary dipoles of the molecules. A dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A temporary dipole is a dipole that forms when the electrons in a molecule are unevenly distributed at a certain moment. The temporary dipole of one molecule can induce a temporary dipole in another molecule, creating a van der Waals force between them.

The strength of the van der Waals force depends on the size and shape of the molecules. The larger and more elongated the molecule, the stronger the van der Waals force. This is because a larger and more elongated molecule has more surface area for the temporary dipoles to interact. n-Pentane has a larger and more elongated molecule than isopentane, as shown in the figure below.

![n-pentane and isopentane structures]

Therefore, n-pentane has stronger van der Waals forces than isopentane, and thus a higher boiling point.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, we have analyzed the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and found that n-pentane has a higher boiling point than isopentane due to the stronger van der Waals forces between its molecules. This analysis demonstrates the importance of molecular structure in determining the physical properties of substances. We recommend that you use this knowledge to understand the behavior of other hydrocarbons and their isomers.

n-Pentane – A Versatile Solvent for the UAE Market

n-Pentane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a petroleum-like odor. It is one of the three isomers of pentane, an alkane with five carbon atoms. N-Pentane has a boiling point of about 36°C and a flash point of about -49°C1. It is insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, and organic solvents.
n-Pentane is widely used as a solvent in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, adhesives, and rubber. It is also used as a fuel additive to improve the octane rating of gasoline. n-Pentane has a low density, low viscosity, and high volatility, which make it ideal for extracting and purifying natural products.

The UAE is a high-income developing market economy with a diverse and dynamic non-oil sector. The UAE is the top U.S. export market in the Middle East and Africa region and a global hub for trade, logistics, tourism, and digital services. The UAE has a strong demand for n-pentane and other solvents, especially in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, which are expected to grow rapidly in the coming years.
n-Pentane is a high-quality and cost-effective solvent that can meet the needs of the UAE market. It offers advantages over other solvents, such as low toxicity, high purity, and environmental friendliness. n-Pentane is also compatible with the UAE’s vision of sustainability and innovation, as it can be used to produce clean energy and green products.

If you are interested in learning more about n-Pentane and its applications, please contact us at email or visit our website at 

Office area of n-Pentane production factory

Junyuanpetroleumgroup.com. We are a leading manufacturer of n-Pentane and other specialty chemicals and solvents in China and distributor in the UAE and the region. We offer competitive prices, fast delivery, and excellent customer service. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

n-Pentane product introduction

n–Pentane belongs to the fourth generation of hydrocarbon foaming agent, and is currently the best substitute product for chlorofluorocarbon foaming agent (141b). With the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high performance, it is widely used in cold storage insulation panels, Animal husbandry and fungus breeding plates, refrigerated vehicle insulation materials, pipeline insulation materials and other fields.

n-Pentane (n-Pentane) chemical formula C₅H₁₂, the fifth member of alkanes. There are 2 isomers of n-pentane: isopentane (boiling point 28°C) and neopentane (boiling point 10°C), the term “pentane” usually refers to n-pentane, its linear isomer.

Uses of n-Pentane: 1. Used as a low boiling point solvent, foaming agent in plastic industry, also used with 2-methylbutane as automobile and aircraft fuel, artificial ice, anesthetic, and synthesis of amyl alcohol and isopentane.

n-Pentane Loading Site
n-Pentane Loading Site

Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Looking back on China’s n-Pentane market in the past half year (20-March-2022 to 20-Sept-2022), the price of n-Pentane began to fall sharply from 9,900 yuan/ton at the end of March 2022, and continued to fall to 8,900 yuan/ton at the end of April 2022. The price remained relatively stable in the first ten days of May. The price of n-Pentane continued to fall from the end of May to 8,300 yuan/ton at the beginning of June 2022, and continued to rise for about a week, and then continued to rise until the first ten days of July, The price of n-Pentane has been maintained at about 8,400 yuan/ton, and the price fell at about 8,200 yuan since the middle of July, but it has been maintained at about 8,300 yuan/ton until the beginning of September. According to the change of price trend, the price of n-Pentane should not continue to decline in the short term. It is recommended that buyers arrange orders as early as possible according to manufacturing needs.
Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Pentane Market Overview

Pentane is a hydrocarbon organic compound that has a gasoline-like odor and is usually burnt as a fuel. Pentane finds numerous industrial applications; for instance, it is used as an ingredient in the production of petroleum. Its primary application is in creating blowing agents, which are in turn used in manufacturing polyesters (foams). Pentane has three isomeric forms, i.e. Isopentane, n-Pentane and Neopentane, which are generally used in blowing agents, electronic cleansing or as chemical solvents.

The growth of the global pentane market can be attributed to the rapid adoption of automobiles across the globe, which in turn is estimated to step-up the adoption of gasoline. Pentane acts as a blending agent in gasoline, which is augmenting the growth of the gasoline market. Further, for polystyrene and polyurethane, pentane behaves as a blowing agent. Increasing disposable income and the inclination towards higher living standards have changed the lifestyle and buying power of the public, resulting in a jump in the sales of electronic appliances, which require polystyrene and polyurethane foam insulation for cooling purpose.

This in turn is increasing the consumption of pentane in the global market. In addition, pentane and its byproducts are used as refrigerants in electronic appliances (fridge and air conditioners), which is another factor contributing towards the growth of the global pentane market.  Therefore, the growth of the electronics industry has a significant impact on the consumption of pentane and is expected to create sizable growth opportunities in the global pentane market over the forecast period.

Among all regions, North America is anticipated to hold a significant share in the pentane market, owing to the widespread presence of the electronics industry and huge demand for blowing agents in polyester applications.  In Asia Pacific, counties such as Japan, South Korea, China, India, and Japan, the demand for pentane is expected to be surplus as a result of the significant presence of electronic manufacturing facilities. Further, the demand for pentane in Europe is likely to subside due to the stringent regulatory scenario; hence, the consumption of pentane could be replaced by propylene glycol methyl ether or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.

Pentane Market: Market Participants

The global pentane market is anticipated to be highly fragmented, owing to the presence of numerous local manufacturers. Examples of some of the market participants in the global pentane market identified across the value chain include:

  • LG Chem
  • Junyuan Petroleum Group
  • Exxon Mobil Corporation
  • Phillips 66 Company

Regional market of n-Pentane includes

  • North America (U.S., Canada)
  • Latin America (Mexico, Brazil)
  • Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K., Spain)
  • Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
  • Japan
  • Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries, S. Africa, Northern Africa)

Pentane Market: Market Segmentation

On the basis of product type, the global pentane market has been segmented into:

  • n-Pentane
  • Isopentane
  • Cyclopentane

On the basis of application, the global pentane market has been segmented into:

  • Blowing agent
  • Electronic cleansing
  • Chemical solvent
  • Foaming agent
  • Sandwich panel industry
  • Polystyrene industry
  • Refrigrators industry

Price Trend Chart of n-Pentane in China Market

In the recent month, the price of n-Pentane in the Chinese market generally showed an upward trend. From July 28 to August 3, the price remained at about 6,900 yuan, and on August 5, it rose to about 7,000 yuan. Until August 17, the product price remained at this level. In late August, the price continued to rise, and until August 26, the price remained at about 7,100 yuan.

n-Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C5H12. It is mainly used as a solvent, a reference liquid for gas chromatography, and an anesthetic. It can also be used to make artificial ice, anesthetics, and synthesize pentanol and Isopentane.

Product Purity Grade (% wt) CAS No. Applications
n-Pentane EPS Grade (95%) 109-66-0 Pentane blowing agent 
General Grade (95%) 109-66-0 Thermacol
General Grade (95%) 109-66-0 Rigid foams for thermal insulation panels in the construction sector
PU Grade (95%) 109-66-0 Sandwich Panel
Polymer Grade (95%) 109-66-0 LLDPE & HDPE
Pharma Grade (99%) 109-66-0 Linear Alkayl Benzene
LAB Grade (99%) 109-66-0 Surfactant

N-pentane in elliptical open reagent bottle

n-Pentane, CAS NO. 109-66-0, MF C5H12, EINECS 203-692-4

n-Pentane, CAS NO. 109-66-0, MF C5H12, EINECS 203-692-4
Supply Ability
Supply Ability
500,000 Kilogram/Kilograms per Week
Packaging & Delivery
Packaging Details

ISO tank or drums with or without pallet load in container, We can also follow the customer’s requirements

Port

QingDao or others sea port,according to the buyer’s requirements

Packing & Delivery: ISO Tank container or steel drums

Lead Time:
Quantity(tons)
1 - 500,000
>500,000
Est. Time(days)
7
To be negotiated
normal pentane in lab flask

normal pentane in lab flask

Specification
Purity
99%min
Application
Widely used
Appearance
Colorless Transparent Liquid
HS No.
2901100000
Density
0.626 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Molecular Weight
72.15
Flashing point
-57 °F
Boiling point
36 °C
Melting point
-130 °C
Vapour pressure
26.98 psi ( 55 °C)
Vapor density
2.48 (vs air)
Refractive index
n20/D 1.358
Brown bottled n-pentane

Is n-Pentane an organic chemical or an inorganic chemical?

Is n-Pentane an organic chemical or an inorganic chemical?

n-Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C5H12. It is the fifth member of alkanes and is often used as a solvent. Pentane is an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon with stable chemical properties. It does not react with acid and alkali under normal temperature and pressure. Pyrolysis occurs at high temperature above 600 ℃ or in the presence of appropriate catalyst to produce mixtures of propylene, butene, isobutylene, butane and isopropane. The physical properties of n-Pentane, Isopentane and neopentane are not different, and the chemical properties are different due to their structural differences There are two isomers of n-Pentane: Isopentane and neopentane. The term “pentane” usually refers to n-Pentane, that is, its linear isomer. “Normal” generally refers to the straight chain structure, for example, “n-” Pentane is straight chain “ISO” generally refers to a branched chain structure, for example, Isopentane is 2 – methylbutane “New” generally refers to the isomer with two branched chain structures. For example, neopentane is 2,2-dimethylpropane and above are all pentane.

normal pentane in lab flask

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