Tag n-Heptane

n-Heptane is a pure form of heptane, a common solvent and fuel component. It has a special role in measuring the octane rating of gasoline and in separating chiral compounds.

Heptane is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C$_7$H$_{16}$. It is a colorless liquid that smells like gasoline and is highly flammable. Heptane is widely used as a solvent in laboratories and industries, as it can dissolve many non-polar substances. It is also a component of gasoline, as it can be easily refined from crude oil.

However, not all heptane molecules are the same. There are different ways to arrange the seven carbon atoms and the 16 hydrogen atoms in a heptane molecule, resulting in different shapes and properties. These different forms of heptane are called isomers, and there are nine of them in total.

One of the isomers of heptane is n-heptane, which stands for normal heptane. This is the simplest and most symmetrical form of heptane, where the seven carbon atoms are arranged in a straight chain. n-Heptane has some unique characteristics that make it important for chemistry.

First, n-heptane is the standard for measuring the octane rating of gasoline. The octane rating is a measure of how well a fuel can resist knocking, which is a phenomenon where the fuel ignites too early in the engine, causing damage and reducing efficiency. n-Heptane is very prone to knocking, as it burns very quickly and explosively. Therefore, it is assigned a octane rating of zero, meaning the worst possible fuel for an engine. On the other hand, iso-octane, another isomer of octane (C$_8$H$_{18}$), is very resistant to knocking, as it burns more slowly and smoothly. Therefore, it is assigned a octane rating of 100, meaning the best possible fuel for an engine. Other fuels are compared to these two extremes, and their octane rating is calculated as the percentage of iso-octane in a mixture with n-heptane that has the same knocking behavior. For example, a gasoline with an octane rating of 87 means that it behaves like a mixture of 87% iso-octane and 13% n-heptane.

Second, n-heptane is useful for separating chiral compounds. Chiral compounds are molecules that have two forms that are mirror images of each other, like your left and right hands. These forms are called enantiomers, and they can have different effects on living organisms. For example, one enantiomer of a drug may be beneficial, while the other may be harmful. Therefore, it is important to be able to separate and identify the enantiomers of a chiral compound. One way to do this is by using a chiral column, which is a tube filled with a material that can distinguish between the enantiomers. The chiral compound is dissolved in a solvent, such as n-heptane, and passed through the column. The enantiomers will interact differently with the material, and will come out of the column at different times. This is called chromatography, and it is a widely used technique for separating and analyzing mixtures.

n-Heptane is a good solvent for chiral chromatography, as it is non-polar and does not interfere with the interactions between the enantiomers and the material. However, n-heptane alone is not enough to separate the enantiomers, as it may not have enough eluting power, which is the ability to push the compounds through the column. Therefore, n-heptane is often mixed with other solvents, such as ethanol or isopropanol, which have more eluting power and can affect the selectivity and resolution of the separation. The choice of the solvent mixture is a key step in chiral analysis, and it depends on the properties of the chiral compound and the column material.

In summary, n-heptane is a pure form of heptane, a common solvent and fuel component. It has a special role in measuring the octane rating of gasoline and in separating chiral compounds. n-Heptane is an example of how a simple molecule can have important applications in chemistry and beyond.

Abstract: Class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, are flammable liquids that pose a risk of fire and explosion during transport. China customs has issued new regulations that require these solvents to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This article explains the rationale behind this requirement, and the implications for shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China.

Keywords: China customs, class 3 dangerous goods, solvents, steel drums, tare weight

Article:

Class 3 dangerous goods solvents are liquids that have a flash point of not more than 60.5°C, or liquids that are transported or offered for transport at temperatures at or above their flash point[^1^][3]. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form a flammable mixture with air. Some examples of class 3 dangerous goods solvents are n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, which are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing industries.

These solvents are hazardous because they can easily ignite and cause fire and explosion when exposed to heat, sparks, or flames. Therefore, they need to be transported in suitable packaging that can prevent leakage, withstand pressure, and resist impact. According to the international dangerous goods regulations for sea and air transport, the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents must have a UN specification marking that indicates the material, type, category, capacity, test pressure, and year of manufacture of the packaging[^1^][3].

However, China customs has imposed additional requirements for the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents that are imported or exported into and out of China. On 10 January 2021, the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) issued Announcement No. 129 on Questions Regarding the Inspection on Imported and Exported Hazardous Chemicals and their Packaging[^2^][1]. This announcement specifies that class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, must use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg[^2^][1]. Tare weight is the weight of an empty container or vehicle.

The reason for this requirement is to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents. Steel drums are more durable and resistant than other types of packaging, such as plastic drums or jerricans, and can better protect the solvents from external factors, such as temperature, humidity, and sunlight. Moreover, steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg have a higher wall thickness and a lower risk of deformation or damage during transport[^2^][1]. This can prevent the leakage or spillage of the solvents, which could cause environmental pollution, health hazards, or fire accidents.

The implication of this requirement is that shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to comply with the new customs regulations and use the appropriate packaging for their solvents. Otherwise, they may face delays, fines, or rejection of their shipments by the customs authority. Shippers and importers also need to provide data on the hazardous chemicals and their packaging, such as declarations of conformity, inspection and identification reports, and UN specification markings, to the customs authority for verification[^2^][1].

In conclusion, China customs has issued new regulations that require class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This requirement is based on the rationale of preventing fire and explosion hazards, and protecting the environment and human health. Shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to follow the new regulations and use the suitable packaging for their solvents, as well as provide the necessary data and documents to the customs authority.

n-Heptane is a chemical compound with the formula C7H16, consisting of a chain of seven carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that belongs to the group of alkanes, which are the simplest and most common type of hydrocarbons. N-Heptane is widely used as a solvent in various industries, such as paints, coatings, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, and oil extraction. It is also used as a reference fuel to measure the octane rating of gasoline, as it has the lowest octane number of zero. This means that n-heptane burns more easily and causes engine knocking, which is a problem for gasoline engines. Therefore, gasoline is blended with other hydrocarbons that have higher octane numbers to prevent knocking and improve engine performance.

N-Heptane is mainly produced from the refining of crude oil, which is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons. N-Heptane can be separated from crude oil by a process called fractional distillation, which involves heating the crude oil and collecting the different fractions that boil at different temperatures. N-Heptane is one of the components of the light naphtha fraction, which boils between 30°C and 200°C. N-Heptane can also be synthesized from other hydrocarbons, such as ethylene, propylene, and butane, by a process called oligomerization, which involves combining smaller molecules into larger ones.

The supply and demand of n-heptane are influenced by various factors, such as the price and availability of crude oil, the demand from downstream industries, the environmental regulations, and the geopolitical situations. The price of n-heptane is closely linked to the price of crude oil, as it is one of the main raw materials for its production. The price of crude oil is determined by the balance between the global supply and demand, as well as the market expectations and speculations. The supply of crude oil depends on the production capacity and output of the major oil-producing countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States. The demand for crude oil depends on the economic growth and energy consumption of the major oil-consuming countries, such as China, India, and the European Union. The price of crude oil can also be affected by unexpected events, such as natural disasters, wars, and sanctions, that disrupt the normal production and transportation of oil.

The demand for n-heptane is driven by the demand from the downstream industries that use it as a solvent or a fuel additive. The demand for n-heptane can vary depending on the season, the region, and the industry. For example, the demand for n-heptane as a solvent for paints and coatings can increase in the summer, when the construction and renovation activities are more active. The demand for n-heptane as a solvent for oil extraction can increase in the winter, when the viscosity of the crude oil is higher and needs to be reduced for easier pumping. The demand for n-heptane can also differ across regions, depending on the local preferences and regulations for gasoline quality. For example, some countries, such as China and India, have stricter standards for gasoline octane rating, which require more n-heptane to be blended with gasoline to lower its octane number and reduce its emissions.

The supply and demand of n-heptane can also be influenced by the environmental regulations and policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and improve the air quality. These regulations and policies can affect the production and consumption of n-heptane in different ways. For example, some regulations, such as the Clean Air Act in the United States, can limit the amount of n-heptane that can be used as a solvent or a fuel additive, as it contributes to the formation of ozone and smog, which are harmful to human health and the environment. On the other hand, some policies, such as the Renewable Fuel Standard in the United States, can encourage the use of n-heptane as a solvent or a fuel additive, as it can help to increase the blending of biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, with gasoline and diesel, which are more environmentally friendly.

The challenge of n-heptane supply is to balance the supply and demand of this important chemical compound in a volatile and uncertain market. The producers and consumers of n-heptane need to monitor the market trends and dynamics, and adjust their production and procurement strategies accordingly. The producers of n-heptane need to optimize their production capacity and output, and diversify their sources of raw materials and markets. The consumers of n-heptane need to secure their supply contracts and inventories, and explore alternative solvents and fuels. The governments and regulators need to provide clear and consistent policies and regulations, and foster cooperation and coordination among the stakeholders. The researchers and innovators need to develop new and improved technologies and processes, and discover new and better applications and uses of n-heptane.

As a leading chemical company, at Junyuan Petroleum Group we are committed to providing high-quality and innovative products to our customers around the world. However, delivering chemical samples to different countries and regions is not a simple task. It requires careful planning and execution, as well as compliance with various laws and regulations. To ensure the safety and legality of our sample shipments, we follow these steps: – We identify the type and hazard level of our chemical samples, and whether they need any special permits or certificates. – We choose the appropriate shipping service and mode of transportation, such as air, land or sea, that meet the international or domestic transport rules. – We use proper packaging materials and labels, to prevent leakage, damage or mishandling of our samples. – We fill out complete and accurate shipping documents, including the information of the recipient and the sender, as well as the name, quantity, hazard level and other relevant information of our samples. – We hand over the shipping documents and samples to the shipping service provider, pay the corresponding fees, and track the shipping status. By following these steps, we can ensure that our samples reach our customers in a timely and efficient manner, and that we maintain our reputation as a reliable and trustworthy partner. We are always ready to serve our customers with our best products and services. Some of our most popular products are n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Blowing Agents, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Butane and Isobutane. These products are widely used in the production of insulation materials, such as Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) foams. They have different properties and advantages, depending on the application and the desired insulation performance¹². For example, Cyclopentane offers an extremely high and lasting insulating effect, as it remains partially in the cells of PU and PIR foams after foaming¹. N-Pentane and Iso-Pentane have a lower insulating effect than Cyclopentane, but they are more stable and the individual cells are firmer and finer². Blowing Agents are mixtures of different Pentanes, which can optimize the costs and foam properties¹. We test these products in our state-of-the-art laboratories, to ensure their quality and safety. We also customize the products according to the specific needs and preferences of our customers. For example, we can adjust the purity, viscosity, boiling point, and flash point of the products, to suit different applications and climates. The typical amount of samples that our customers request is around 250 milliliters, but this may vary depending on the product and the customer’s requirements. We always try to accommodate the requests of our customers, as long as they are reasonable and legal. We also provide technical support and guidance, to help our customers use our products effectively and efficiently.

Source:
(1) Which Pentanes are suitable for the production of insulating materials?
(2) Which Pentane Blowing Agent is Best for Your Application?
(3) Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the …. https://junyuanpetroleumgroup.com/chemical-manufacturer-supplier-distributor/cyclopentane-as-a-blowing-agent-in-polyurethane-pu-foams-is-the-most-important-raw-material-for-high-performance-insulation-in-refrigerators/.
(4) N-Heptane Vs N-Pentane

Heptane is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H16, which is a type of alkane. It is a colorless liquid with a slight gasoline smell, flammable, insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.

Heptane has some industrial applications, such as being used as a solvent, fuel, or raw material for synthesizing other chemicals.

Heptane can absorb ultraviolet rays, so it can also be used as a UV absorber, such as in sunscreen or plastic. The function of UV absorbers is to prevent UV damage to the skin or materials, such as sunburn, aging, discoloration, or degradation.

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Price trend of n-Heptane in Chinese market – 03.05.2023

Forecast of the latest market trend of n-Heptane price, Junyuan Petroleum Group’s exclusive report:

Today, the average price of n-Heptane in China is 13,000 CNY/MT, and the price on the previous quotation day was 12,500 CNY/MT, which is -3.70% lower than the price on the previous quotation day.

The above is the latest price forecast of n-Heptane in China today. The data comes from the data center of Junyuan Petroleum Group Marketing Department and is for reference only.

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate

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n-Heptane, 99%, for analysis, Junyuan Petroleum Group

Chemical Identifiers

CAS: 142-82-5

IUPAC Name: heptane

Molecular Formula: C7H16

InChI Key: IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: CCCCCCC

Molecular Weight (g/mol): 100.21

Synonym: heptane N-heptane eptani skellysolve C dipropyl methane gettysolve-C hsdb 90

MDL Number: MFCD00009544

Specifications

Specification Sheet

GC: >=99%

Bromine number: =<0.5

Copper (Cu): =<0.02 ppm

Total sulfur (S): =<0.001 %

Water: =<0.02 % (K.F.)

Appearance (Form): Clear liquid

Why Buy n-Heptane 99.9% High Purity Grade from Junyuan Petroleum Group

•Price. Don’t worry! We are the largest manufacturer of n-Heptane in China. The price is adjusted and updated in real time according to the cost price every day, and the price is the most competitive. This product is offered at the industry’s lowest possible price.

•Availability. In-Stock. This product is in stock and ready to ship. Orders are usually shipped in 72 hours.

•Deliverability. Fast Shipping! This product is packaged in 137KG steel drums and 16.8 MT ISO Tank container.

•Quality. Our curated products drummed in China match or exceed strict specifications.