Tag Cyclopentane

Cyclopentane: a new blowing agent for polyurethane foam

Cyclopentane is used as a new blowing agent for rigid polyurethane foam. Now it has been widely used in fluorine-free refrigerator, freezer industry, cold storage, pipeline insulation and other fields. In the future, cyclopentane will become the leading role in the field of polyurethane blowing agent. Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company will tell you about the control points of cyclopentane in the foaming process.

  1. Strictly control the physical and chemical properties of stock solution
    The chemical properties of polyisocyanate, combined polyether, foaming agent, catalyst and foam stabilizer in black and white materials directly determine the chemical reaction of polyurethane synthesis and the physical properties of foam. It is the basic condition for producing qualified polyurethane foam.
    Black and white monomers shall be transparent viscous liquid without flocculent insoluble impurities. If there are insoluble impurities, the filter screen of the foaming machine will be blocked, resulting in unstable raw material flow, the ratio of black and white materials does not meet the requirements, and the mixture is uneven. Even the pipeline of the foaming machine is blocked.
    It is recommended to thoroughly clean the black and white material filter screens and needle valves of the foaming machine (and premixer) at least once a week.
  2. Strictly control the proportion and injection volume of stock solution
    The proportion of black material, combined polyether and cyclopentane must be strictly controlled. When the total injection volume remains the same, if the proportion of black material is too large, bubbles will appear, if the proportion of white material is too large, soft bubbles will appear, if the proportion of cyclopentane is too large, bubbles will appear, and if the proportion is too small, bubbles will appear. If the proportion of black and white materials is out of balance, the mixture will be uneven and the foam will shrink.
    The injection volume shall be subject to the process requirements. When the injection volume is lower than the process requirement, the foam molding density and strength will be low, and even the filling will not be dense. When the injection volume is higher than the process requirements, bubble expansion and bubble leakage will occur, and the box (door) will be deformed.
  3. Strictly control the process temperature and curing time
    Polyurethane foaming is a complex physical and chemical reaction process. The fluctuation of raw material, mold, preheating temperature and curing time will directly affect the foaming quality.
    A. Black material is a kind of active chemical substance, which is easy to react with water. During storage, the container shall be dry and sealed and filled with dry nitrogen for protection. It shall not be in direct contact with water during use. If the storage temperature is lower than 5 ℃, crystallization will occur, so attention must be paid to antifreeze. Once crystallization occurs, it shall be heated and melted at 70~80 ℃ before use, and fully stirred. When the storage temperature is higher than 50 ℃, an insoluble solid will be produced, the viscosity will increase and the chemical properties will change. White materials have the same properties.
    Therefore, black and white materials shall be stored in a ventilated, cool and dry place at room temperature (20~25 ℃) to avoid sun and rain.
    B. The black and white materials shall be subject to constant temperature treatment before foaming, and the foaming temperature shall be controlled at 18~25 ℃.
    When the temperature is too low, the black and white materials have high viscosity, unstable flow, poor fluidity and uneven mixing. When the temperature is too low, the reaction speed of forming foam is slow and the curing time is long. When the curing time is not enough, the box and door are still foaming after demoulding, resulting in appearance deformation.
    When the temperature is too high, the reaction is violent and difficult to control. It is easy to see that the performance of the foam injected into a large box is uneven. The foam injected at the beginning has undergone a chemical reaction, and the viscosity increases rapidly. The foam injected later has not yet reacted. As a result, the foam liquid injected later cannot push the foam liquid injected first to the front of the foaming process of the box, resulting in local cavitation in the box.
    C. The preheating furnace temperature shall be controlled at 30~50 ℃, the foaming furnace temperature shall be controlled at 35~50 ℃, and the foaming mold temperature shall be controlled at 35~45 ℃.
    The temperature of the box and door to be foamed in winter is low, so it must be preheated in the preheating furnace. Otherwise, when the hot polyurethane liquid contacts the box or door body, the chemical reaction will be seriously affected, and the foam liquid will not stick to the shell.
    When the temperature of the foaming mold is too low, the fluidity of the foaming solution system is poor, the curing time is long, the reaction is not complete, and cavitation occurs; When the temperature of the foaming mold is too high, the plastic liner is deformed by heating, and the foam system reacts violently. Therefore, the temperature of the foaming mold and the ambient temperature of the foaming furnace must be strictly controlled.
    Especially in winter, the foaming mold, preheating furnace, foaming furnace, box and door must be preheated for more than 30 minutes every morning when the line is opened. After a period of foaming in summer, the foaming system must be cooled.
    D. The foaming and curing time of black and white materials used by our company must be more than 6 minutes. The curing time is too short, and the box and door are still foaming after demoulding, resulting in appearance deformation. In particular, after the door body is deformed, the door seal gap is large when it is assembled with the box, the cold leakage occurs, the box is not insulated, and the compressor is frequently started.
  4. Strictly control the injection pressure of foaming machine at 13~16mpa
    When the injection pressure is unstable, the proportion of black and white materials is unstable and the mixing is insufficient. The injection pressure difference between black and white materials shall be controlled within 5bar, otherwise the foaming machine will be damaged due to material mixing.
    During the foaming process, the injection pressure of the foaming machine shall be checked frequently, and the injection system of the foaming machine shall be cleaned to avoid blocking.
    Black, white and cyclopentane are mixed unevenly, which is manifested by uneven density of polyurethane foam, local large bubbles, cracking of foam and local softening of foam: white, yellow or black stripes appear on foam, and foam shrinks.
  5. Preparation before foaming:
    A. Clean and inspect the mold. Before foaming, clean up the missing foam and other debris attached to the foaming mold, and check the mold fitting accuracy. Otherwise, serious quality problems such as damage to the box and bubble leakage will occur during foaming. Before foaming, check whether the exhaust and suction pipes of the box are well arranged as required and whether there are bends. Whether the outgoing line is complete and whether the drainage pipe has been installed. Whether the foaming process board is properly pasted according to the process requirements.
    B. Before door foaming, check whether the handle of the door body is installed correctly and whether it is inclined. Whether the wiring assembly dimension meets the process requirements. Whether the door lock is assembled as required. Whether the masking paper is pasted according to the process requirements and whether there is possibility of bubble leakage.
  6. Requirements for taking and placing box (door) body:
    The (door) body shall be handled vertically and gently, and no damage to the inner and outer boxes is allowed; The foamed box (door) shall be placed on the assembly line at uniform intervals. Then check whether the foaming quality meets the requirements. The leaking bubble shall be cleaned with tools, and the box (door) shall not be scratched.
  7. Foaming process control method
    1) Before each shift of production, it is necessary to check whether the parameters meet the process requirements. Check again every 3 hours and record the inspection results.
    2) Before each shift of production, the mixing condition and density of free foam must be tested. The mixing condition and density of the molded foam of the box body and the door body shall be tested once a shift. Then the free foam and molded foam were frozen at -20 ℃ for 24h, and their shrinkage was observed. The foam body shall have no obvious shrinkage. And record the inspection results.
    The above are the control points of cyclopentane in the foaming process. I hope it will help you. Please consult us for more questions about cyclopentane!
Cyclopentane for rigid polyurethane foam manufactured by Junyuan Petroleum Group
yclopentane manufactured by Junyuan Petroleum Group
Manufacturing base for Cyclopentane used for production of rigid polyurethane foam

Cyclopentane used as in the production of polyurethane insulating foam

Cyclopentane, 95%, Junyuan Petroleum Group
Specifications 

Synonyms: Pentamethylene , ciclopentano, cyclopentan, zyklopentan, unii-t86pb90rnu, hsdb 62, t86pb90rnu, cyclopentanes, cyclopentyl group, hydrocarbons, cyclic c5 and c6

InChI Key : RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Formula: C₅H₁₀
MW: 70.13 g/mol
Melting Pt: –95 °C
Density: 0.748
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00001356
CAS Number: 287-92-3
EINECS: 206-016-6
UN: 1146
ADR: “3”,II
IUPAC Name : Cyclopentane 
SMILES : C1CCCC1
Melting Point: °C to 95°C
Boiling Point: 47°C to 49°C
Flash Point: -37°C (-34°F)
Assay Percent Range: 95%
UN Number: UN1146
Beilstein: 1900195
Merck Index: 14,2741
Refractive Index: 1.406
Quantity: 20 MT/ISO Tank, 150kg/steel drum
Solubility Information: Miscible with ethanol,ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.
Formula Weight: 70.14
Physical Form: Liquid
Percent Purity: 95%
Chemical Name or Material: Cyclopentane
 
Description
Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.
This Thermo Scientific brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific.
Applications
Cyclopentane is used as green blowing agent and involved in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, which is used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, construction panels, insulated pipes and roofs. As a lubricant, it finds applications in computer hard drives and outer space equipment due to its low volatile nature. It is widely useful in the preparation of resin, adhesives and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is an additive in gasoline. Since it is a halogen free compound and has zero-ozone depletion potential, it replaces the conventionally used chloro fluoro carbon (CFC) in refrigeration and thermal insulation.
Solubility
Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.
Notes
Avoid heat, direct sunlight, flames and sparks. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
 
Safety and Handling
GHS H Statement
H225
P210-P233-P235-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P271-P280-P301+P310-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340-P312-P331-P370+P378q-P501c
H225-H304-H335-H336
DOTInformation : Transport Hazard Class: 3; Packing Group: II; Proper Shipping Name: CYCLOPENTANE
EINECSNumber : 206-016-6
RTECSNumber : GY2390000
TSCA : Yes
Recommended Storage : Ambient temperatures

What We Do

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a custom manufacturer of chemical solvents. We manufacture a wide variety of chemicals and slovents for various applications. Specialty solvents such as n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Pentane Blowing Agent, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane and Dearomatic Solvent. All of our manufactured items can be private-labeled with your company logo to further promote your business. We’ll assist you in increasing your brand awareness, leading to repeat sales and a larger market share. Sales Inquiry: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com

General pentane (hereafter, pentane) is a colorless, volatile and flammable liquid with a sweet or gasoline-like odor. Pentane consists of three isomers: n-pentane (the most important isomer), isopentane, and neopentane. n-Pentane is a constituent of crude oil and a component of the condensate from natural gas production. It is primarily obtained by fractional distillation of a petroleum stream (generally light virgin naphtha) obtained from the processing of crude oil. n-Pentane is used as a component of gasoline blends, as an aerosol propellant, in low temperature thermometers, as a blowing agent for foams (e.g. expandable polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PUR)), and as a solvent (EU 2003). Isopentane is also used as a blowing agent, and neopentane is used in the manufacture of butyl rubber (ACGIH 2001).

Cyclopentane is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE HAZARD. IDENTIFICATION Cyclopentane is a clear liquid. It is used as a laboratory reagent, a solvent, and as an extraction agent in the paint and shoe industries. REASON FOR CITATION * Cyclopentane is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA and EPA.

2-METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE)†. Watery colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. * All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. As Pentane; there is no specific OSHA PEL for 2-Methylbutane. CAS #: 78-78-4 Formula: C₅H₁₂

A blowing agent blend for making polyolefin foams comprising isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent The co-blowing agent is either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof The blowing agent blend comprises less than about 99 mol % isopentane.  A polyolefin foam structure prepared by the process comprising: melting a thermoplastic polyolefin polymer, dissolving an effective amount of a blowing agent blend in the polyolefin polymer, the blowing agent blend comprising less than about 99 mol % isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, forming an extrudate, transferring the extrudate to an expansion zone, and permitting the extrudate to expand in the expansion zone to produce the polyolefin foam structure, the polyolefin foam structure being a substantially closed-cell and dimensionally-stable structure. A process for making a polyolefin foam structure comprising: melting a thermoplastic polyolefin polymer, dissolving an effective amount of a blowing agent blend in the polyolefin polymer, the blowing agent blend comprising less than about 99 mol % isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, forming an extrudate, transferring the extrudate to an expansion zone, and permitting the extrudate to expand in the expansion zone to produce the polyolefin foam structure. A blowing agent blend for foaming low density polyethylene foam consisting essentially of isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, and wherein the blowing agent blend includes from about 10 to about 99 mol % isopentane and the remainder consists essentially of the co-blowing agent. The blowing agent blend of claim above, wherein the co-blowing agent includes at least one physical co-blowing agent, the at least one physical co-blowing agent being ethane, n-propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclopropane, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, dimethyl ether, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) or combinations thereof.

Presently, physical blowing agents more commonly used for making low density polyethylene (LDPE) foams are hydrocarbons such as isobutane or blends of isobutane and n-butane. Other hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane have been used more recently in making LDPE foams. The ability of isobutane, n-butane, propane, ethane and combinations thereof to give stable, low density foams depends on factors such as desirable solubility in low density polyethylene, and the ability of gas permeation modifiers to slow down the escape of such blowing agents. The resultant foam article (e.g., a sheet) using such blowing agents is frequently produced with at least some corrugation. Corrugation occurs when the radial rate of expansion is higher than the radial space available for the foam as it exits the die. Corrugation may be reduced to a certain extent by optimizing the foaming process and apparatus used in forming the foam with these blowing agents, but a low degree of corrugation or visible corrugation lanes often remain. The corrugation becomes more pronounced when a fluid with a very low boiling point (e.g., ethane or propane) is (a) used as the sole blowing agent or (b) present in an amount greater than about 5 mol % with a higher boiling fluid (e.g, isobutane). Corrugation also tends to occur more frequently in sheets (thickness of up to about ½ inch) as opposed to planks (thickness of greater than about an inch), and the degree and magnitude of corrugation increase as the foam density decreases. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a blowing agent blend for making polyolefin foams comprises isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent. The co-blowing agent is either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof. The blowing agent blend comprises less than about 99 mol % isopentane. The polyolefin foam may be a low density polyethylene foam. The blowing agent blend may consist essentially of isopentane and the co-blowing agent in which the blowing agent blend includes about 10 to about 99 mol % isopentane with the remainder consisting essentially of the co-blowing agent.

Dearomatic Solvents Market
De-aromatic solvents, also called de-aromatized hydrocarbon solvents or ultra-low aromatic solvents, are a class of hydrocarbon solvents that are characterized by the presence of paraffinic, iso-paraffinic, and naphthenic components, with very low aromatic content (<1%). Paints, coatings, and inks to remain dominant applications of de-aromatic solvents The global paints and coatings market is poised to experience steady growth owing to increasing demand from key end use industries such as construction, automotive & transportation, and electronics & electrical among others. A growing paints, coatings, and inks industry worldwide.

n -Hexane is a chemical made from crude oil. Pure n -hexane is a colorless liquid with a slightly disagreeable odor. It evaporates very easily into the air and dissolves only slightly in water. n -Hexane is highly flammable, and its vapors can be explosive.

2-Methylpentane, trivially known as isohexane, is a branched-chain alkane with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the second carbon atom in a pentane chain. Using a quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction model, 2-Methylpentane has a research octane number of 75, motor octane number of 77, and cetane number of 29.

n-Heptane is a colorless liquid with a mild, Gasoline-like odor. It is used as an industrial solvent and in petroleum refining processes. REASON FOR CITATION * n-Heptane is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, IRIS and NFPA.

n-Octane is used as a solvent and raw material for organic synthesis reactions and is a very important chemical in the petroleum industry. It is also widely used in the rubber and paper processing industries. Isooctane, along with other nalkanes and isoparaffins, is used in the blending of fuels to achieve desired antiknock properties.

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Polyurethane (PU) Foam Projects in Progress

Report on completion of fire-fighting and halon sector plan

The ozone layer in the stratosphere can absorb majority of harmful ultraviolet rays and protect the earth’s organisms from harm. However, some man-made chemicals used extensively by human beings have seriously damaged the ozone layer, resulting in a large number of harmful ultraviolet rays directed at the earth, causing serious damage to the earth’s biological and ecological environment. These ozone-depleting chemicals are collectively referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS) by the scientific community. In order to protect the ozone layer and phase out ODS, the “Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer” (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) and the “Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer” (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) were signed by the international community in 1985 and 1987 respectively. China acceded to the Convention and the Protocol in 1989 and 1991, respectively.

In accordance with the provisions of the Protocol, China’s fire-fighting sector needs to phase out Annex A, Group II Halon 1211 and Halon 1301. On 12th January 1993, Chinese Government approved the implementation of the “National Programme for the Phase-out of Ozone-depleting Substances in China “(hereinafter referred to as the National Programme) and, with the support of the Multilateral Fund, the ODS phase-out action began.

In order to ensure the progress of Halon elimination in the sector, China has carried out a lot of work in the early stage of halon elimination. Under the unified planning of the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) and the Fire Department held many exchanging meeting, did sufficient propaganda work, conducted a thorough investigation of the whole sector, conducted a series of seminars, studied the development strategy of alternatives, and organized many important activities such as Halon Elimination Strategy.

From 1993 to 1997, China implemented a series of Halon elimination projects with a total amount of 4.657 million US dollars, which played a certain role in the elimination of halons. However, the elimination methods of single projects have limitations as China’s complex and diversified sectors and rapid economic growth. At the “International Symposium on Sector Strategy of China’s ODS Elimination” held in Xi’an in June 1995, the concept of sector overall phase-out was first proposed. At the 17th Executive Committee meeting, the Executive Committee approved the project preparation fee of “further development of sector mechanism by the World Bank (hereinafter referred to as WB)”. WB applies for funds on behalf of the Chinese government for the development of sector-based elimination methods. The consumption of Halon 1211 and halon 1301 in China’s fire-fighting sector accounts for more than one third of the national ODS consumption, and the ODP value of Halon is larger. Therefore, the elimination of halons in fire-fighting sector is of great significance to the effective implementation of the National Program. The fire sector was chosen as a pilot for the overall elimination of the other sectors, and firefighting become the first sector in China that achieved overall phase-out.

[Hot Spot Focus]: Raw materials continue to rise, why does cyclopentane price only drop?

Cyclopentane is divided into coal and petroleum production processes, so there are two kinds of raw materials. The petroleum grade feedstock is the by-product cracking C5 and reforming byproduct mixed C5 of ethylene cracking unit, and the coal grade feedstock is the by-product of crude benzol hydrogenation. Although the raw materials are different, there is no significant difference in the quality of cyclopentane, and the downstream application is basically the same, mainly as the foaming agent of rigid polyurethane foam.
At present, nearly half of the domestic enterprises use coal technology, accounting for 45% of the total number of enterprises and 47% of the production capacity. The price rise and fall of non aromatics directly affect the raw material cost of cyclopentane, and then affect the pricing of cyclopentane.
Non aromatic hydrocarbons have risen step by step since August 10, 2020 and have risen to 3,820 yuan / ton so far, up 700 yuan / ton or 22.4% compared with the beginning of the month. The high-end price of cyclopentane stabilized at 9,900 yuan / ton, while the price of low-end channel began to decline step by step since August 12, 2020 and has dropped to 8,700 yuan / ton so far, which is 500 yuan / ton or 5.4% lower than that at the beginning of the month.
Recently, the price of non aromatic hydrocarbons has been rising due to the shortage of on-site goods. However, the cyclopentane market was stable, and some ex factory prices still fell. Why?

Cyclopentane market price trend

CHINESE YUAN RENMINBI EXCHANGE RATES TABLE

Oct 19, 2020 12:26 UTC

Chinese Yuan Renminbi1.00 CNYinv. 1.00 CNY
US Dollar0.1496386.682810
  1. The price adjustment flexibility of cyclopentane in high-end channels is poor. The pricing cycle of factories and large-scale terminal industries is long, mostly quarterly or annual, so the pace of cyclopentane rising this time is limited.
  2. It is difficult for low-end channel to ship goods, and the manufacturer reduces the price to arrange the warehouse. Although the pricing of small and medium-sized terminal industries is flexible, due to the further inspection of safety and environmental protection, some of them shut down for rectification or withdraw from the market, resulting in insufficient demand, weak low-end channel delivery, rising inventory, and part of the price reduction.
    To sum up, cyclopentane market did not rise with raw materials, the price of high-end channel was stable due to the lack of pricing cycle, and the low-end channel was reduced to ship due to insufficient demand.
    Source: Chemical Industry News
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