🧪 Two Essential Blowing Agents: Cyclopentane and Pentane

In the world of insulation and polymer manufacturing, blowing agents play a critical role in creating lightweight, energy-efficient materials. Among the most widely used are cyclopentane and pentane, both hydrocarbon compounds known for their effectiveness and environmental advantages. Let’s explore their properties and applications.

🔹 Cyclopentane: Properties and Applications

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Cyclopentane is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a distinct gasoline-like odor. Key properties include:

• Freezing Point: –94°C
• Boiling Point: ~49°C
• Vapor Density: 2.4 times that of air
• Vapor Pressure: 36.6 kPa at 20°C; 69 kPa at 38°C
• Density (20°C): 0.745 g/cm³
• Flash Point (closed cup): –37°C (Highly flammable)
• Autoignition Temperature: 361°C
• Explosion Limits (vol%): 1.5% – 8.7%
• Occupational Exposure Limit (TLV/TWA): 600 ppm

Technical Specifications

Commercial-grade cyclopentane typically meets the following standards:

• Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with no suspended solids
• Purity: ≥99%
• Moisture Content: <50 ppm
• Non-volatile Residue: <10 ppm
• Acidity: Neutral, free of acidic substances

Application Highlights

Cyclopentane is prized for its zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and zero global warming potential (GWP), making it an ideal replacement for CFC-11 in foam production. It is commonly used in:

1. CFC-free refrigerators and freezers
2. Cold storage insulation systems
3. Pipeline thermal insulation

Usage Notes

• Cyclopentane has limited solubility in polyether polyols, so low-viscosity polyols are preferred.
• It can be blended with isopentane to optimize performance.

🔸 Pentane: Properties and Applications

Pentane refers to a group of isomers, primarily n-pentane and isopentane, both used in industrial applications.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

At room temperature, pentane is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint aromatic odor. It is:

• Free of olefins
• Free of suspended solids and water

Technical Specifications

Typical industrial-grade pentane meets the following criteria:

• Appearance: Clear, no sediment or haze
• Purity: ≥99% for n-pentane; ≥98% for isopentane
• Composition: n-pentane is rich in straight-chain alkanes; isopentane contains branched isomers
• Moisture Content: <20 ppm
• Sulfur Content: <1 ppm
• Bromine Index: Low (indicates minimal unsaturated hydrocarbons)

Application Highlights

Pentane is derived from efficient distillation of light hydrocarbons from oil fields. Its main uses include:

1. Desorption agent in molecular sieve dewaxing (n-pentane)
2. Blowing agent for expandable polystyrene (EPS) — often a blend of n- and isopentane
3. Polyurethane foam production, often in combination with cyclopentane

🌍 Environmental and Industrial Relevance

Both cyclopentane and pentane are vital in the shift toward eco-friendly insulation materials. Their low environmental impact and high efficiency make them indispensable in modern manufacturing, especially as industries move away from ozone-depleting substances.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

Process Steps Explained

1. Raw Material – DCPD (Dicyclopentadiene): DCPD is commonly sourced as a byproduct from petroleum refining processes. It serves as the starting material for the production of Cyclopentane.
2. Thermal Cracking: Under high-temperature conditions, DCPD undergoes thermal cracking. This reaction breaks its molecular structure to form Cyclopentadiene, which is an unstable intermediate but necessary for the subsequent step.
3. Catalytic Hydrogenation: The Cyclopentadiene is then subjected to a catalytic hydrogenation process. In the presence of a suitable catalyst and hydrogen gas, Cyclopentadiene is converted into the stable product, Cyclopentane.
4. Final Product – Cyclopentane: Cyclopentane, the final product, is widely used as a blowing agent in the production of polyurethane foam, refrigerant insulation materials, and other applications where its distinct properties are beneficial.

Cyclopentane Production Process Flow Diagram

Below is an overview of the process used to produce Cyclopentane from DCPD.

1. Raw Material: DCPD (Dicyclopentadiene)

• Source: DCPD is typically obtained as a byproduct of petroleum refining processes. It serves as the starting material for this production route.

2. Thermal Cracking

• Process: Under high-temperature conditions, DCPD undergoes thermal cracking.
• Intermediate Result: This step converts DCPD into Cyclopentadiene, an unstable intermediate necessary for the next transformation.

3. Catalytic Hydrogenation

• Process: The Cyclopentadiene intermediate is subjected to a catalytic hydrogenation reaction.
• Outcome: With the presence of a suitable catalyst and hydrogen gas, Cyclopentadiene is converted into the final product—Cyclopentane.

Final Product: Cyclopentane

Applications

• Usage: Cyclopentane is widely utilized as a blowing agent in the production of polyurethane foam, as well as in insulation materials for refrigeration and construction applications.
• Benefits: Its favorable physical properties and environmental advantages make Cyclopentane a preferred choice in these applications.

   ┌─────────────────────────────┐  
   │ Raw Material: DCPD          │  
   │ (Dicyclopentadiene)         │  
   └─────────────────────────────┘  
                │  
                │  (Thermal Cracking)  
                ▼  
   ┌─────────────────────────────┐  
   │ Intermediate:               │  
   │ Cyclopentadiene             │  
   └─────────────────────────────┘  
                │  
                │  (Catalytic Hydrogenation)  
                ▼  
   ┌─────────────────────────────┐  
   │ Final Product:              │  
   │ Cyclopentane                │  
   └─────────────────────────────┘  

#Cyclopentane #Isopentane #nPentane #nHexane #nHeptane #SulfidingAgent #Pentane #Hexane #Heptane #MayDay #LabourDay #Logistics #ChemicalIndustry #SupplyChain

As Labour Day holidays vary across countries, timely coordination in logistics becomes essential. For global buyers of hydrocarbons like Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, and sulfiding agents, early planning ensures supply chain continuity during the early May slowdown.

With the global Labour Day (May Day) holidays approaching, it’s crucial for international buyers of chemical raw materials to prepare ahead—especially when sourcing from across regions with varying public holiday schedules.

Our product portfolio covers a wide range of high-purity hydrocarbons, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, n-Hexane, n-Heptane, and various sulfiding agents. These materials serve industries from polyurethane insulation, refrigeration, and adhesives to pharmaceuticals, refining, and electronics.

Key Holiday Timelines to Note:

• Russia: May 1–3, with many extending holidays until May 9 (Victory Day)

• Japan: Golden Week, typically May 1–7, with some businesses closed for up to 11 days

• France: May 1 only, strict labor laws prohibit most business activities

• Australia: Varies by state, with Queensland and Northern Territory observing May 6

• UK, Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand, and others: May 1 as a national holiday

No May 1 Holidays:

Markets such as South Korea, Israel, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands operate normally during early May but observe labor-related holidays at other times.

The demand for Cyclopentane in the UAE market has shown remarkable strength, driven by several key factors across multiple industries:

1. Thriving Chemical and Construction Sectors

Cyclopentane is a critical blowing agent in the production of rigid polyurethane foam, widely used in insulation panels for buildings. With the UAE’s booming construction industry and continuous infrastructure projects, the need for high-performance thermal insulation materials is growing rapidly—directly fueling the demand for Cyclopentane.

2. Environmental Policy Alignment

As global awareness around environmental protection increases, the UAE has taken proactive steps to promote sustainable development. Cyclopentane, known for its low ozone depletion potential (ODP) and negligible global warming potential (GWP), aligns perfectly with these green initiatives. It is now a preferred eco-friendly alternative to traditional refrigerants in both domestic and industrial applications.

3. Expanding Pharmaceutical Applications

Cyclopentane also plays a role as a solvent and intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. With the UAE investing heavily in healthcare and pharmaceutical manufacturing, demand for high-purity solvents like Cyclopentane continues to rise, especially in drug synthesis and formulation processes.

4. Broad Industrial Uses Backed by Economic Growth

The UAE’s diversified economy supports a range of sectors where Cyclopentane is used—such as electronics (for precision cleaning), automotive (as a refrigerant in vehicle AC systems), and adhesives. As these sectors grow in tandem with the broader economy, demand for Cyclopentane remains strong and stable.

5. Research and Laboratory Use

In scientific research, especially in biological and chemical experiments, Cyclopentane serves roles such as lipid extraction or use as a carrier in bioreactors. The UAE’s universities and R&D centers also contribute to a steady demand in this niche application.

Market Snapshot

Between April 17 and April 29, 2025, the price of Cyclopentane (99% purity) remained stable at 12,600 CNY per metric ton, equivalent to approximately 1,735.46 USD/MT (based on an exchange rate of 7.26 CNY/USD). This 0.00% change over the period indicates a well-balanced market with no significant volatility, reinforcing its status as a reliable and essential industrial material.

#Cyclopentane #BlowingAgent #Refrigerant #UAE #PolyurethaneFoam #PharmaSolvent #GreenChemistry #IndustrialChemicals

A Sustainable Alternative to HCFC-141b for Thermoware, Refrigeration, and Construction Industries

With HCFC-141b officially phased out in many countries, Cyclopentane has become the leading blowing agent for environmentally conscious manufacturers. Offering zero ozone depletion potential and low GWP, Cyclopentane ensures top-tier insulation performance in polyurethane foam systems. Widely adopted across thermoware, cold chain, and construction sectors, it is now the preferred solution for global buyers seeking performance and compliance. Our Cyclopentane is available in ISO tank and Drum packaging, ensuring flexible, export-ready delivery for industrial applications.

Cyclopentane, blowing agent, PU foam, 141b replacement, eco-friendly foam chemical, thermal insulation, refrigerant-grade pentane, thermoware industry, polyurethane polyol, #Cyclopentane, #Pentane, #BlowingAgent, #InsulationFoam, #Polyurethane

Why Cyclopentane?

1. Zero Ozone Depletion, Low GWP

• Fully compliant with the Montreal Protocol and Kigali Amendment

• Non-fluorinated, non-ozone-depleting alternative to 141b

• Ideal for long-term environmental strategies

2. Superior Insulation Performance

• Enables high-performance rigid polyurethane foam with excellent thermal resistance

• Ensures energy efficiency in refrigeration and building systems

• Compatible with polymeric MDI and blended polyol

3. Widely Used in Multiple Sectors

• Thermoware products: food containers, iceboxes

• Refrigeration: freezers, refrigerators, water heaters

• Building insulation: PU sandwich panels, PIR boards

4. Global Demand Trends

• Especially strong in Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Latin America

• Preferred by foam manufacturers upgrading to green blowing agents

5. Reliable Supply & Export-Ready Packaging

• Available grades: 95% / 99% Cyclopentane

• Packaging options:

• ISO Tank (bulk shipments for large-scale users)

• Drum (flexible supply for regional distributors or smaller factories)

• Backed by expert technical support and export experience

Your Trusted Partner in the Transition from 141b

With proven performance, global acceptance, and sustainable credentials, Cyclopentane is redefining the future of polyurethane insulation. If you’re a thermoware or foam manufacturer seeking a high-purity, export-grade blowing agent, our Cyclopentane is ready to ship.

As of April 28, 2025, the domestic price of Cyclopentane in China stands firm at RMB 11,200 per metric ton, approximately USD 1,555 per metric ton based on today’s official exchange rate (1 USD ≈ 7.2043 RMB).

After a significant adjustment in mid-April, the Cyclopentane market has remained stable for two consecutive weeks. This provides global buyers with a more predictable cost structure for sourcing.

Cyclopentane is a key blowing agent for polyurethane (PU) foam, extensively used in building insulation panels, refrigeration appliances, and cold chain logistics solutions. Stable pricing is crucial for industries targeting low-GWP and energy-efficient products. Global procurement teams are encouraged to leverage the current pricing stability for inventory planning and to mitigate risks linked to raw material price volatility during the second quarter of 2025.

Cyclopentane, PU Foam, Insulation Materials, Refrigeration Industry, Blowing Agents, Global Procurement, China Exports, April 2025, USD Price, RMB Price