Category Pentanes

Abstract

This article presents a clear and concise overview of two important product lines: the n-Pentane series (90, 95, and 99 percent purity) and pentane-based blowing agents (F3 through F8). It explores their key applications in foam manufacturing, chemical processes, and other industries, while also highlighting their performance characteristics such as low sulfur content and high Saybolt color index. In addition, this piece emphasizes the products’ environmental benefits and suitability for sustainable development.

Keywords:

n-Pentane, Pentane Blowing Agent, Foam Manufacturing, Chemical Solvent, Sustainable Development, Low Sulfur, High Purity

Introduction

n-Pentane and its related blowing agent formulations are widely used in a range of industrial processes. They play a particularly significant role in foam production, especially for polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), and polyether-based foams. Due to their favorable physical and chemical properties, these pentane products have also found their way into diverse applications such as chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical solvents, refrigerant blends, and laboratory standards.

n-Pentane Series: Grades and Characteristics

The n-Pentane series typically includes three grades: 90% n-Pentane, 95% n-Pentane, and 99% n-Pentane. All three are colorless, low-odor liquids with Saybolt color values of at least 28, indicating a very high degree of purity in terms of visual appearance. Their densities, measured at 20°C, generally range from about 620 to 630 kg/m³.

• Purity Levels:

• 90% n-Pentane contains at least 90% of the n-Pentane isomer.

• 95% n-Pentane raises that content to 95%.

• 99% n-Pentane provides an even higher level of purity, making it suitable for specialized applications such as chemical reagents, calibration standards, and high-end solvent needs.

• Quality Indicators:

• Bromine Index: For all three grades, the bromine index is typically under 100 mgBr/100 g, reflecting minimal levels of unsaturated compounds.

• Water Content: Ranges from below 150 ppm in the 90% and 95% grades to under 100 ppm in the 99% grade, ensuring a low moisture environment for sensitive processes.

• Sulfur Content: Less than 5 ppm across all grades, which is crucial for processes requiring low sulfur to minimize catalyst poisoning and unwanted by-products.

Pentane Blowing Agents: F3 to F8

Besides the pure n-Pentane series, specialized pentane blowing agents are formulated for foam production. These products blend n-Pentane and iso-Pentane in specific ratios, allowing manufacturers to fine-tune their foam properties. Common variants include F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, and F8, each offering distinct proportions of n-Pentane and iso-Pentane.

• n-Pentane Content:

Ranges from about 30±2% in F3 up to 80±2% in F8.

• iso-Pentane Content:

Adjusted accordingly, typically running higher when the n-Pentane portion is lower, and vice versa.

• Density:

Generally falls between 615 and 630 kg/m³ at 20°C, ensuring consistency in handling and blending.

• Bromine Index, Water Content, Sulfur Content:

All remain within strict limits (bromine index ≤100 mgBr/100 g, water ≤150 ppm, sulfur ≤5 ppm), aligning with stringent quality and environmental requirements.

Main Applications

1. Foam Manufacturing:

• Polyurethane (PU) Foams: Pentane is a preferred blowing agent for producing rigid and flexible PU foams, used in insulation, automotive components, and furniture.

• Polystyrene (PS) Foams: Particularly in the construction sector, pentane blends help achieve the desired density and thermal insulation performance.

• Polyether Foams: The balance of n-Pentane and iso-Pentane ensures precise control over foam cell structure and stability.

2. High-Purity 99% n-Pentane Applications:

• Chemical Reagent: Ideal for laboratory research, quality control, and analytical procedures.

• Standard Reference Material: Useful as a calibration solvent or reference compound in chromatography.

• Pharmaceutical Solvent: Provides a clean, low-sulfur solvent environment for sensitive chemical reactions.

• New Refrigerants and Polymerization Processes: Offers an environmentally friendly option in advanced chemical and polymer production.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

Modern industry places a strong emphasis on sustainability. The pentane family is known for having low sulfur content and minimal impact on the environment compared to older, less eco-friendly alternatives. However, due to their volatility and flammability, proper handling and storage are essential. Following established safety guidelines and using approved equipment can mitigate potential risks, ensuring a safer workplace and reducing environmental hazards.

Conclusion

n-Pentane products and pentane blowing agents offer versatile, high-performance solutions for a variety of industrial applications. Their consistently high quality—evident in factors such as minimal sulfur content, low moisture levels, and stable density—makes them a top choice for foam production, chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical applications, and beyond. Furthermore, their environmentally friendly profile aligns well with modern sustainability goals, paving the way for continued innovation and market growth.

By carefully selecting the appropriate grade or blowing agent blend, manufacturers can optimize production processes, enhance product performance, and contribute to more sustainable industrial practices. This focus on quality and eco-conscious design underscores the ongoing importance of n-Pentane and pentane-based blowing agents in both current and future applications.

Abstract

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) stands as a pivotal hub in the petrochemical industry, with a growing demand for n-pentane, a versatile hydrocarbon used in industrial solvents, blowing agents, and refrigerants. This article examines the leading distributors of n-pentane in the UAE, highlighting key players such as Junyuan Petroleum Group, Chemstock LLC, and Oberoi Refining Industry. By analyzing their offerings, distribution capabilities, and market presence, we provide insights into the UAE’s pentane supply chain, offering a valuable resource for businesses seeking reliable suppliers in this region.

Introduction

The UAE’s strategic location and robust petrochemical infrastructure make it a significant player in the global chemical market. N-pentane, a straight-chain hydrocarbon (C5H12), is widely utilized in polyurethane foam production, EPS (expanded polystyrene) manufacturing, and as a solvent in various industries. While major producers like ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) contribute to raw material supply, the distribution of n-pentane relies heavily on specialized companies. This article explores the prominent pentane distributors in the UAE, focusing on their roles, capabilities, and relevance to the market.

Key Pentane Distributors in the UAE

1. Junyuan Petroleum Group

• Overview: Although headquartered in Shandong, China, Junyuan Petroleum Group is a dominant supplier of n-pentane in the UAE, leveraging its global distribution network. Established in 2006, the company is renowned for its expertise in alkanes, including n-pentane, iso-pentane, and cyclopentane.
• Capabilities: Junyuan offers high-purity n-pentane (95%-99%) and customizable pentane blends, catering to industries such as refrigeration and foam production. Its presence in the UAE is supported by partnerships with local logistics providers, ensuring efficient delivery to cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
• Website: junyuanpetroleumgroup.com
• Market Edge: With a significant share of the Middle Eastern pentane market, Junyuan stands out for its scalability and international reputation.

1. Chemstock LLC

• Overview: Based in Dubai, Chemstock LLC is a leading chemical distributor in the UAE, serving industries with a wide range of industrial and laboratory chemicals.
• Capabilities: While its catalog spans various solvents, Chemstock likely includes n-pentane among its offerings (pending confirmation). The company operates from strategic locations in Jumeirah Lake Towers and Umm Al Quwain, providing warehousing and logistics services across the UAE.
• Market Edge: Chemstock’s local presence and established infrastructure make it a reliable choice for businesses needing prompt supply.

1. Oberoi Refining Industry

• Overview: Oberoi Refining operates in both the UAE and India, specializing in hydrocarbons like iso-pentane and potentially n-pentane.
• Capabilities: The company supplies pentane products for blowing agents and industrial applications, with a distribution network covering Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah.
• Market Edge: Oberoi’s focus on customization and regional coverage appeals to clients seeking tailored solutions.

1. Reda Industrial Materials LLC

• Overview: Part of the Reda Group, this Dubai-based distributor serves the Middle East and Africa with a broad portfolio of industrial chemicals.
• Capabilities: Reda may distribute n-pentane through partnerships with global manufacturers, supported by its logistics capabilities.
• Market Edge: Its extensive regional network ensures accessibility for diverse industries.

1. Petrotek

• Overview: Petrotek, headquartered in Dubai, primarily focuses on lubricants but extends its offerings to industrial hydrocarbons.
• Capabilities: Likely distributing n-pentane for fuel or solvent applications, Petrotek serves clients across the UAE.
• Market Edge: Its flexibility suits smaller-scale or niche industrial needs.

Market Insights

The UAE’s pentane market benefits from its proximity to oil-rich resources and advanced refining capabilities. Companies like ADNOC produce hydrocarbons as byproducts, but distribution is outsourced to specialized firms. According to import data from Volza, the UAE hosts 79 active pentane buyers, indicating a robust demand driven by industries such as construction (foam insulation) and refrigeration. Distributors like Junyuan and Chemstock leverage free trade zones (e.g., Jumeirah Lake Towers, Ruwais) to streamline supply chains, while local players like Reda and Petrotek enhance accessibility.

Choosing the Right Distributor

• For Scalability: Junyuan Petroleum Group excels with its global reach and high-volume supply.
• For Local Availability: Chemstock LLC and Oberoi Refining offer proximity and responsiveness.
• For Flexibility: Reda and Petrotek cater to varied needs with competitive logistics.

Businesses should verify specific product availability (e.g., n-pentane purity levels) and contact suppliers directly for quotes and lead times.

Conclusion

The UAE’s n-pentane distribution landscape is shaped by a mix of international giants like Junyuan Petroleum Group and local leaders like Chemstock LLC and Oberoi Refining. These distributors play a critical role in meeting the region’s industrial demands, supported by the UAE’s strategic position in the petrochemical sector. Whether you’re sourcing pentane for manufacturing or resale, understanding these key players ensures informed decision-making in this dynamic market.

Summary:

Junyuan Petroleum Group provides a comprehensive overview of the global use of n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane. These hydrocarbons are essential in various industries, including petrochemicals, refrigeration, and geothermal energy. The report highlights the unique properties and applications of each compound, emphasizing their importance in modern industrial processes.

Keywords:

• n-Pentane
• Isopentane
• Cyclopentane
• Junyuan Petroleum Group
• Petrochemical industry
• Refrigerants
• Geothermal energy
• Industrial solvents
• Foam blowing agents

n-Pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane are widely used in various countries around the world for different applications
. Here are some of the key countries where these compounds are commonly utilized:

United States: These compounds are used in the production of insulation materials, refrigerants, and as solvents in the petrochemical industry
.

Germany: Known for its advanced chemical industry, Germany uses these pentanes in similar applications, including foam blowing agents and refrigerants
.

China: With its rapidly growing industrial sector, China employs n-pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane in various manufacturing processes, especially in the production of insulation materials
.

Japan: Japan uses these compounds in the manufacturing of refrigerants and insulation materials, as well as in the petrochemical industry
.

India: India’s expanding chemical industry utilizes these pentanes in foam production and as solvents
.

Brazil: Brazil employs these compounds in the petrochemical industry and for foam blowing applications
.

These countries are just a few examples, and the use of n-pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane is widespread across many other regions due to their versatile applications in various industries
.

Is there a specific application or industry you’re interested in learning more about?

n-Pentane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 57 °F. Boiling point 97 °F.

Summary:
n-Pentane is an important organic chemical raw material, with the chemical formula C5H12. This article will provide a scientific introduction to the properties, uses, storage methods, and applications of n-pentane in the chemical industry.

N-pentane, as a member of the alkane family, occupies an important position in the chemical industry due to its unique chemical properties and wide range of applications. Its chemical formula C5H12 indicates that n-pentane is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms, and belongs to a type of straight chain alkanes.

1、 The properties of n-pentane

n-Pentane is a colorless and transparent liquid with a lower boiling point (about 36 ° C) and is prone to volatilization. Its isomers include isopentane and neopentane, but the term “pentane” usually specifically refers to n-pentane. N-pentane has stable properties at room temperature, but is prone to combustion reactions at high temperatures or near ignition sources.

2、 The use of n-pentane

n-Pentane has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. Firstly, it can be used as a low boiling solvent to dissolve some substances that are not easily soluble in water. Secondly, n-pentane is also an important foaming agent in the plastic industry, which can help plastic materials form a uniform foam structure. In addition, n-pentane can also be used as a fuel for automobiles and airplanes, and its high calorific value and good combustion performance make it an ideal energy choice.

In addition to the above applications, n-pentane also plays an important role in gas chromatography analysis and can be used as a standard substance or reference liquid. At the same time, it can also be used to manufacture chemicals such as synthetic pentanol and isopentane, providing raw material support for chemical production.

3、 Storage method of n-pentane

Due to the flammable and explosive properties of n-pentane, special attention should be paid during storage. Firstly, it should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from flames and heat sources. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 29 ℃ to avoid fire or explosion accidents. Secondly, storage containers should be kept sealed to prevent the volatilization or leakage of n-pentane. In addition, n-pentane should be stored separately from oxidants and other substances to avoid chemical reactions.

Emergency leak handling equipment and appropriate containment materials should be equipped in the storage area, so that measures can be taken quickly for disposal in the event of a leak. At the same time, explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities should also be used to ensure the safety of the storage area.

4、 Summary

n-Pentane, as a multifunctional organic chemical raw material, plays an important role in the chemical industry. By understanding its properties, uses, and storage methods, we can better utilize n-pentane to provide support for chemical production. At the same time, we should also pay attention to its safe storage issues to ensure that no safety accidents occur during use.

With the increasing global attention to environmental issues, the demand for environmentally friendly products in the Asia-Pacific region has also shown a rapid growth trend. Against this background, Junyuan Petroleum Group has successfully taken a leading position in the Asia-Pacific market with its environmentally friendly cyclopentane products.
As an environmentally friendly compound, the market demand for cyclopentane in the Asia-Pacific region continues to rise. It is mainly used as a foaming agent in home appliances such as refrigerators and freezers to replace substances such as CFC-11 that are harmful to the environment. In addition, cyclopentane is also widely used in the manufacture of products such as synthetic rubber, resins and rubber adhesives, and has broad application prospects.
The economic growth and improved living standards in the Asia-Pacific region have driven the growth of demand for products such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The demand for environmentally friendly compounds such as cyclopentane has also increased. Junyuan Petroleum Group has successfully met this market demand with its advantages in product quality, independent innovation and market cooperation.

Junyuan Petroleum Group’s product line covers a variety of petrochemical products, including cyclopentane and other alkane series. Its product quality is stable and meets international standards, and has won wide market recognition. The group focuses on independent innovation and scientific research investment, uses new technologies to transform traditional industries, and achieves rapid development. At the same time, Junyuan Petroleum Group has established cooperative relations with many well-known domestic and foreign companies, and its products are sold at home and abroad, providing strong support for its leading position in the market.
Industry experts said that with the continuous improvement of environmental awareness and the continuous advancement of environmental protection policies, environmentally friendly products will become the mainstream of the future market. Junyuan Petroleum Group has great development potential in the Asia-Pacific market with its environmentally friendly cyclopentane products. In the future, the Group will continue to increase its R&D investment and market expansion efforts, promote the application and development of environmentally friendly products, and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of the Asia-Pacific region.

Summary:

Pentane is a flammable organic compound with the chemical formula C5H12. It has a density of 0.626 g/cm³ and is used as a solvent, a reference liquid for gas chromatography, and a raw material for synthetic rubber and other chemicals. ISO Tank container is a type of intermodal container that is designed to transport liquids, gases, and powders in bulk. It is built according to ISO standards and can carry up to 26,000 liters of liquid. ISO Tank container has a safety filling factor of 95%, which means that the container should not be filled more than 95% of its capacity to allow for thermal expansion and prevent overpressure. A 25 cubic meter ISO Tank container can hold up to 14.725 tons of pentane safely. Pentane and ISO Tank container are a safe and efficient way to transport liquids, as they offer high reliability, low environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness.

Article:

Pentane is a simple hydrocarbon that belongs to the family of alkanes. It has five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms, arranged in a straight chain. Pentane is one of the three isomers of C5H12, the others being isopentane and neopentane, which have different structures and properties. Pentane is a colorless, transparent liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a boiling point of 36 °C and a melting point of -130 °C. It has a characteristic gasoline-like odor and is highly flammable. Pentane can form explosive mixtures with air and can be ignited by sparks, flames, or static electricity.

Pentane has various applications in industry and science. It is used as a solvent for organic substances, such as fats, oils, waxes, and resins. It is also used as a reference liquid for gas chromatography, a technique that separates and analyzes the components of a mixture based on their volatility and polarity. Pentane is a raw material for the synthesis of rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. For example, pentane can be converted to isoprene, a monomer for natural and synthetic rubber, by a process called dehydrogenation. Pentane can also be used as a blowing agent for polystyrene foam, a refrigerant for low-temperature applications, and a fuel for internal combustion engines.

ISO Tank container is a special type of container that is designed to transport liquids, gases, and powders in bulk. It is also known as a tank container, a tanktainer, or an ISO tank. ISO Tank container is made of stainless steel and is surrounded by an insulation and protective layer of polyurethane and aluminum. The container is fitted inside a steel frame that conforms to the ISO standards, making it suitable for different modes of transportation, such as road, rail, and sea. The frame is 6.05 meters long, 2.4 meters wide, and 2.4 or 2.55 meters high. The capacity of the container ranges from 17,500 to 26,000 liters, depending on the type and density of the cargo.

ISO Tank container can transport both hazardous and non-hazardous products, such as chemicals, fuels, food, and water. ISO Tank container has several advantages over other modes of liquid transportation, such as drums, barrels, or flexitanks. ISO Tank container is more reliable and safer, as it is built to withstand high pressure and damage, and has a low risk of leakage and contamination. ISO Tank container is more environmentally friendly, as it can be reused and recycled, and has a low carbon footprint. ISO Tank container is more cost-effective, as it reduces the packaging, handling, and storage costs, and optimizes the loading and unloading efficiency.

One of the important parameters for ISO Tank container is the safety filling factor, which is the ratio of the maximum volume of liquid that can be loaded into the container to the total volume of the container. The safety filling factor depends on the type and temperature of the liquid, and the ambient conditions. The safety filling factor is usually 95%, which means that the container should not be filled more than 95% of its capacity. This is to allow for thermal expansion of the liquid and prevent overpressure and rupture of the container. For example, a 25 cubic meter ISO Tank container can hold up to 23.75 cubic meters of liquid safely. If the liquid is pentane, which has a density of 0.626 g/cm³, the maximum weight of pentane that can be loaded into the ISO Tank container is 14.725 tons.

Pentane and ISO Tank container are a safe and efficient way to transport liquids, as they offer high reliability, low environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. Pentane and ISO Tank container can be used to transport various products, such as solvents, fuels, and chemicals, across different regions and countries. Pentane and ISO Tank container are examples of how science and technology can improve the quality and convenience of life.

Hello everyone, today we are going to talk about a chemical substance called pentane, which is a foaming agent used to prepare phenolic foam. It can make phenolic resin produce bubbles when heated, forming a lightweight foam material. Phenolic foam is a common insulation material, widely used in construction, industry, transportation and other fields, with good thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties. So, how does pentane work? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Let’s take a look.

What is pentane?

Pentane is a colorless liquid, with the chemical formula C5H12, belonging to the alkanes class of organic compounds. It has a boiling point of 36°C, a density of 0.63g/mL, and a combustion heat of 44.8MJ/kg. Pentane is a flammable and explosive substance, which will burn or explode when exposed to fire or static electricity. Therefore, safety protection and fire prevention measures should be taken when using and storing it, avoiding contact with fire and static electricity, as well as excessive inhalation and contact.

How does pentane foam?

Pentane is a physical foaming agent, and its foaming principle is to use its volatility and compressibility. When pentane is mixed with phenolic resin, it forms a uniform mixture, in which pentane exists in the resin in a liquid form. When this mixture is heated to a certain temperature, pentane will evaporate rapidly, producing a large amount of gas, which will form countless small bubbles in the resin, thus making the resin expand into foam. At the same time, the resin will undergo cross-linking reaction at high temperature, making the foam structure solidify, forming a stable foam material.

What are the advantages of pentane?

Pentane, as a foaming agent, has the following advantages:

• Lightweight: Pentane has a small density, only half of that of water, so it can reduce the density of phenolic foam, thus reducing the weight of the foam, facilitating transportation and installation.
• Efficient: Pentane has a low boiling point, only 36°C, so it can foam at a lower temperature, thus saving energy and improving production efficiency.
• Clean: Pentane has a strong volatility, it will completely evaporate during the foaming process, and will not remain in the foam, so it will not affect the performance and stability of the foam, nor will it cause pollution to the environment and human body.

What are the disadvantages of pentane?

Pentane, as a foaming agent, also has the following disadvantages:

• Dangerous: Pentane is a flammable and explosive substance, it will burn or explode when exposed to fire or static electricity, so safety protection and fire prevention measures should be taken when using and storing it, avoiding contact with fire and static electricity, as well as excessive inhalation and contact.
• Harmful: Pentane is an organic solvent, it has a certain irritation and toxicity to the human body, long-term or large amount of inhalation or contact can cause dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing and other symptoms, and may also cause damage to the liver, kidney, nervous system and other organs.

Summary

Pentane is a lightweight and efficient foaming agent, it can make phenolic resin produce bubbles when heated, forming a lightweight foam material. Pentane has its own advantages and disadvantages, and safety and health should be paid attention to when using it. Pentane is a useful chemical substance, worthy of our understanding and utilization. I hope this article can help you better understand pentane, if you have any questions or needs, please feel free to communicate with me. 

Isopentane for analysis
2-Methylbutane, Isopentane
Minimum assay (G.C.): 99.5%
CODE: JY2304160029
CAS: 78-78-4
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C5H12
MOLAR MASS: 72.15 g/mol
SPECIFICATIONS:
Minimum assay (G.C.): 99.5%
Identity: IR passes test
Density 20/4: 0.618-0.622
UN: 1265
CLASS/PG: 3/I
STORAGE: Room Temperature.
SIGNAL WORD: Danger
MASTER NAME: Isopentane
SYNONYMS LONG TEXT: 2-Methylbutane, Isopentane
EINECS: 201-142-8
HS CODE: 29011000
Uses: Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines. Isopentane is used, in conjunction with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, to freeze tissues for cryosectioning in histology. Like all alkanes (paraffins, saturated hydrocarbons), iso-Pentane is a very good solvent for non-polar substances such as lubricating greases. Isopentane is a chemical compound that is a branched chain formed by saturated hydrocarbon. This branched chain of hydrocarbons contains an alkane group with five carbon atoms. Isopentane has been widely used in varied industries based on its chemical composition upper hand and the presence of the hydrocarbon group.
Isopentane is used as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam additive and also EPS additive during the manufacturing of plastics. Isopentane also acts as a bleeding agent which further opens the door for wide product offerings for its global existence. The swelling functional outlook of the isopentane shall open wide avenues in such business.

FAQs
Where to buy Isopentane?
Junyuan Petroleum Group offers pentane in a variety of purities and concentrations. Visit JunyuanPetroleumGroup.com and download the MSDS for more information on buying pentane in ISO tanks and steel drums from Junyuan Petroleum Group.
What is the CAS number of Isopentane?
The CAS number of Isopentane is 78-78-4. 2-methylbutane (aka methylbutane or isopentane) is a hydrophobic liquid with a boiling point at just 28°C.
CAS Isopentane?
The CAS number of Isopentane is 78-78-4.
CAS 78-78-4?
The CAS number 78-78-4 is assigned to Isopentane.