Solvents are liquid, gas, or solid chemicals that dissolve, extract, or suspend other substances. The most common and “universal” solvent is water, which dissolves more substances than any other.

Solvents are often categorized as polar or nonpolar, a factor of the solvent’s structure and charge that determines the types of substances that it can dissolve. Polar solvents have a “positive” and a “negative” charge at different places in their structures and will dissolve other polar substances. Water is a polar solvent; other polar solvents include acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimelthylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropanol, and methanol.

Nonpolar solvents include alkanes (pentane, hexane, and heptane) and aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene). Other common nonpolar solvents include acetic acid, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, and pyridine. Nonpolar organic solvents are used as spot removers, paint thinners, nail polish removers, glue solvents, and are also used in perfumes and detergents.

Solvents are used extensively as a medium for chemical reactions and analytical separations and are available in various purity grades and packaging options. They are also essential for manufacturing cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, personal care items, textiles, paints, pesticides, and many other products.

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Heptane, with the chemical formula C7H16, is labeled as a straight-chain alkane derived from petroleum. Its roles in industry vary greatly because of its versatile chemical properties.

• As a clear, odorless, liquid hydrocarbon, heptane is best recognized as the standard zero-point for the octane rating scale, which is seen on nearly every gasoline pump worldwide. Heptane readily combusts when placed under the vast amounts of pressure within a gasoline engine.  
• Heptane’s high flammability gives it properties necessary in many industries, including use as fuels. Heptane is a great fuel source for pressurized, outdoor liquid fuel stoves due to its hydrocarbon chemical makeup, which expends vast amounts of heat energy during hydrocarbon combustion.
• Heptane acts as a thinner for rubber cement.
• High schools, colleges, and universities all rely on heptane as a laboratory reagent in chemistry courses thanks to its isomers, which are reliable, nonpolar solvents. Heptane’s reactivity is extremely low with most other chemicals. Substances not readily dissolved in water will break chemical bonds in a heptane solution. An example of heptane’s versatility is the grease test spot in which a material containing a grease, wax, or oily substance is submerged and gently shaken in a heptane solution. This determines the material’s earlier presence of organic compounds.
• Law enforcement and government agencies use heptane as a solvent in processing latent fingerprints. Heptane’s ease of preparation with a ninhydrin reagent protects the clarity and intensity of fingerprints without destroying writing ink. However, if the inks used in printing are not water based, heptane dissolves the ink.
• The vulcanization of rubber utilizes heptane as a compounder. In the commercial manufacture of rubber cement, unvulcanized rubber is placed in a solvent of 70-90% heptane. Different grades of rubber cement are created depending on a higher or lower percentage of heptane within the solvent.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is one of the largest n-Heptane producers in China and a rising star in the speciality solvent industry. You can expect the highest quality products, expedited shipping options for maximum efficiency, and unrivaled personalized customer service. Let our knowledgeable and friendly customer service representatives and accounting staff personalize all your needs by either calling +86 178 1030 0898 or by sending us an email to info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.

n-Heptane, 99%

MDL: MFCD00009544
EINECS: 205-563-8

Chemical Properties

Formula: CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃
Formula Weight: 100.21
Melting point: -91°
Boiling Point: 97-99°
Flash Point: -4°(24°F)
Density: 0.684
Refractive Index: 1.3877
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, and ether. Insoluble in water.

Applications

It is used in paints and coatings, as the rubber cement solvent and GC analysis, HPLC, spectrophotometry and environmental testing. Used as a primary reference standard in determining the knock rating of carburetor fuels and solvent especially for vegetable oils, low temperature thermo- meters, calibrations, and polymerization reaction medium. The hydroisomerization of n-heptane to form dibranched and tribranched products useful for producing high octane gasoline. water/AOT/n-heptane microemulsions plays an essential role for the synthesis, size control, and passivation of CdS nanoparticles.

Notes

Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Literature References

Caponetti, E.; Pedone, L.; Martino, D. C.; Panto, V.; Liveri, V. T. Synthesis, size control, and passivation of CdS nanoparticles in water/AOT/n-heptane microemulsions. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2003, 23 (4), 531-539.

Chica, A.; Corma, A. Hydroisomerization of Pentane, Hexane, and Heptane for Improving the Octane Number of Gasoline. J. Catal. 1999, 187 (1), 167-176.

About n-Heptane Manufacturer:
We are a global specialty chemicals and solvents leader. Markets worldwide rely on our essential chemistry in the manufacture of everyday products, such as paper, plastics, building materials, food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care items. Building on our nearly 11-year history, the dedication of our 500 employees, and our shared commitment to business growth, strong financial performance, safety, sustainability, and innovation, we have established a world-class business and built strong partnerships with our customers.

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Pentane n-Pentane: CAS No. 109-66-0: specific gravity: 0.626: boiling point (℃) 36.1: flash point (℃) – 40: Purpose: solvent, cleaning agent, synthetic intermediate, extractant, low temperature thermometer, foaming agent of synthetic resin.

#Heptane is a component of natural gas and crude oil (0.1-1.9%). All isomers of heptane are used as #solvents for glues, lacquers and inks, as #industrial #solvent for extracting natural gas, in #organic #synthesis, as an anesthetic, and are ingredients of gasoline and #petroleum #solvents. 

Pure #heptane has two main uses. The first use is as the standard zero point for the octane rating scale for gasoline. As a driver, you may have noticed that higher #octane fuel is more expensive because it is better for your engine. You can correctly conclude that a fuel rated zero #octane would be terrible for your car. Indeed, pure heptane with its zero #octane rating is a terrible fuel choice. The reason is that #heptane burns very explosively, which is the source of engine knocking. 

Project Analysis

Quality Controlling Index

Test Results

Content of n-Heptane, w%	≥99	99.96
Distillation range, primary distillation point, dry point (℃)	≥94 ≤99	95-98
Density (20 ℃), kg / m3	650-690	683
Bromine index, MGBR / 100g	≤100	0.04
Saybolt Colour	≥+28	+30
Sulfur content, mg/kg	≤2	0.25
Micro aromatic hydrocarbon, ppm	≤10	Not Found
Water w/v%	≤0.1	0.0058
Nonvolatile content, w/v%	≤0.005	0.0002

n-Heptane

May 1994

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)

CAS number: 142–82–5

NIOSH REL: 85 ppm (350 mg/m³) TWA,

440 ppm (1,800 mg/m³) 15-minute CEILING

Current OSHA PEL: 500 ppm (2,000 mg/m³) TWA

1989 OSHA PEL 400 ppm (1600 mg/m³) TWA, 500 ppm (2,000 mg/m³) STEL

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 400 ppm (1,640 mg/m³) TWA, 500 ppm (2,050 mg/m³) STEL

Description of Substance: Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor.

LEL:. . 1.05% (10% LEL, 1,050 ppm)

Original (SCP) IDLH: 5,000 ppm

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Patty [1963] that a 15-minute exposure to 5,000 ppm produced a state of intoxication characterized by uncontrolled hilarity in some individuals and in others a stupor lasting for 30 minutes after the exposure [Patty and Yant 1929]. According to Patty [1963], a 4-minute exposure to this same concentration produces vertigo and incoordination [Patty and Yant 1929]. These symptoms described by Patty [1963] could perhaps impede escape.

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50(ppm)	LCLo(ppm)	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF)	Derivedvalue
HumanMouseMouse	Flury and Zernik 1931Marhold 1986Swann et al. 1974	—–17,986—–	16,000—–15,000	?2 hr30 min	?28,778 ppm (1.6)15,000 ppm (1.0)	?2,878 ppm1,500 ppm

Other human data: Inhalation of 1,000 ppm for 6 minutes was associated with slight dizziness [Patty and Yant 1929]. Exposure to 5,000 ppm for 4 minutes produced complaints of nausea, a loss of appetite, vertigo, and incoordination [Patty and Yant 1929]. A 15-minute exposure to 5,000 ppm produced a state of intoxication characterized by uncontrolled hilarity in some individuals and in others a stupor lasting for 30 minutes after the exposure [Patty and Yant 1929].

Revised IDLH: 750 ppmBasis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for n-heptane is 750 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Patty and Yant 1929].

REFERENCES:

1. Flury F, Zernik F [1931]. Schädliche gase dämpfe, nebel, rauch- und staubarten. Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Julius Springer, pp. 257-264 (in German).

2. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 9 (in Czechoslovakian).

3. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., pp. 1198-1199.

4. Patty FA, Yant WP [1929]. Odor intensity and symptoms produced by commercial propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane vapor. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations, No. 2979, pp. 1-10.

5. Swann HE Jr, Kwon BK, Hogan GK, Snellings WM [1974]. Acute inhalation toxicity of volatile hydrocarbons. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 35:511-518.

Junyuan Heptane is commercially available as mixed isomers for use in paints and coatings, as the rubber cement solvent “Bestine”, the outdoor stove fuel “Powerfuel” by Primus, as pure n -heptane for research and development and pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a minor component of gasoline.

Solvents, such as 2-Me-THF, n-heptane, and iso-propyl acetate, which are being used more frequently as the chemical industry aims to adopt greener, safer, and more sustainable solvents. These spectral tables simplify the identification of these solvents as impurities in NMR spectra following their use in synthesis and workup protocols.

The n-Heptane used in some of Spirits is extremely high purity with very low levels of other organic solvents, heavy metals, and impurities. Blending this high purity n-Heptane with food/pharmaceutical grade Ethanol creates a solvent capable of producing an exceptionally clean, premium quality oil.

n-Heptane is a non-polar solvent that is widely used in several industries such as pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, electronics, polymer and plastic, adhesives and sealants, textile and industrial cleaning, among others.

n-Heptane is a paint solvent and rubber cement thinner. Heptane is excellent for oil extraction and solvent extraction. Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a high purity (99.9%) grade of n-Heptane. Heptane is widely used in laboratories in the United States as a non-polar solvent. In some botanical processing labs, heptane is used to replace hexane.

The growth of the electronic industry will have a positive impact on the n-Heptane market. Growth of the pharmaceutical industry is also driving the demand for high purity n-Heptane. Also, the rising demand for n-Heptane from other end-use applications such as adhesives & sealants will have a positive impact on the n-Heptane market.

n-Heptane is used as a test fuel constituent. n-Heptane also finds important applications in the purification process of pharmaceutical products and other synthetic organics. n-Heptane and its multiple isomers are extensively used in laboratories as non-polar solvents. As a liquid, n-Heptane is known to display many advantages.

The n-heptane isomerization was conducted at flow unit with an isothermal tubular reactor with fixed bed
catalyst (2 sm3, 0.2-0.7 mm fraction) at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a temperature range of 140-240ºC. Before the
reaction, the catalyst was reduced in a hydrogen flow at 300 °C for 3 hours, then the reactor was cooled to reaction
temperature and n-heptane was fed with volume velocity of 1h-1) in a Н2/n-heptane ratio =3 (mol.).
Analysis of the reaction products was carried out in the online mode using a gas chromatograph (Tsvet-800)
equipped with a flame ionization detector and capillary column PONA/PIONA (J&W Scientific). The measure of
catalyst activity was the n-heptane conversion . Isomerization selectivity was defined as the ratio of the heptane
isomers sum yield to all isomerization products.

Pt/WO3/ZrO2 Catalysts for n-Heptane Isomerization

Global n-Heptane Market Overview:
A petrochemical hydrocarbon fraction, the empirical formula is C7H16. It has 11 isomers, including 2 enantiomers. n-Heptane is a kind of alkane series, which is colorless in physics. It is a highly flammable liquid with a slight smell of gasoline. n-Heptane is considered to be the standard for octane grades. It is also used in anesthetics, cement, ink, laboratory reagents, organic synthesis and solvents. Because of its ideal chemical properties, it is considered to be the most useful industrial chemical. Some of the main participants introduced in the study include Netherland, Chevron Phillips Chemical (USA), Netherland, BASF se (Germany), CJ chemicals (USA), Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan), Ashland Global Holdings Inc. (USA), Wako chemicals (USA) and Ashland (USA). Junyuan Petroleum Group, as a rising star in the n-Heptane production industry, quickly entered the n-heptane market in 2019. At present, Junyuan Petroleum Group has rapidly occupied most of China’s market and become the industry pioneer of n-Heptane production. According to some chemical market analysts, the global n-Heptane market is likely to grow at a rate of 5.63% and reach US $196.9 million by 2026.
According to the geographical location, n-Heptane market is divided into South America (Brazil, Argentina, other regions in South America), Asia Pacific region (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, other Asia Pacific regions), Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Britain, Netherlands, other regions of Europe), Middle East and Africa (Middle East, Africa), North America (United States, Canada, Mexico) Brother). If we look at the market from the channel, the sub market, namely direct sales, will boost the n-Heptane market. In addition, the growth of demand from small and medium-sized enterprises and vertical markets of various industries provides sufficient buffer for market growth.

n-Heptane is a colorless and volatile liquid. It is mainly used as the standard substance for the determination of octane value, as well as the preparation of anesthetics, solvents, raw materials for organic synthesis and experimental reagents.
n-Heptane
Chinese Name: n-Heptane 正庚烷
English Name: n-Heptane
English alias: dipropylethane; heptane; heptyl hydride; n-heptane Normal Heptane
CAS:142-82-5
EINECS : 205-563-8
DG No.: 32006
Hazard class: class 3.2 medium flash point flammable liquid molecular formula: C7H16 molecular weight: 100.2019 main components pure product appearance and properties colorless volatile liquid.
Melting point (℃): – 90.5 boiling point (℃): 98.5 relative density (water = 1): 0.68 relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.45 saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 5.33 (22.3 ℃) combustion heat (kJ / mol): 4806.6 critical temperature (℃): 266.98 ℃ critical pressure (MPA): 2.74 flash point (℃): – 4 ignition temperature (℃): 204 upper explosion limit% (V / V): 6.7 lower explosion limit% (V / V): 1.1 solubility: It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, but miscible in ether and chloroform.

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