#Heptane is a component of natural gas and crude oil (0.1-1.9%). All isomers of heptane are used as #solvents for glues, lacquers and inks, as #industrial #solvent for extracting natural gas, in #organic #synthesis, as an anesthetic, and are ingredients of gasoline and #petroleum #solvents. 

Pure #heptane has two main uses. The first use is as the standard zero point for the octane rating scale for gasoline. As a driver, you may have noticed that higher #octane fuel is more expensive because it is better for your engine. You can correctly conclude that a fuel rated zero #octane would be terrible for your car. Indeed, pure heptane with its zero #octane rating is a terrible fuel choice. The reason is that #heptane burns very explosively, which is the source of engine knocking. 

Project Analysis

Quality Controlling Index

Test Results

Content of n-Heptane, w%	≥99	99.96
Distillation range, primary distillation point, dry point (℃)	≥94 ≤99	95-98
Density (20 ℃), kg / m3	650-690	683
Bromine index, MGBR / 100g	≤100	0.04
Saybolt Colour	≥+28	+30
Sulfur content, mg/kg	≤2	0.25
Micro aromatic hydrocarbon, ppm	≤10	Not Found
Water w/v%	≤0.1	0.0058
Nonvolatile content, w/v%	≤0.005	0.0002

n-Heptane

May 1994

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)

CAS number: 142–82–5

NIOSH REL: 85 ppm (350 mg/m³) TWA,

440 ppm (1,800 mg/m³) 15-minute CEILING

Current OSHA PEL: 500 ppm (2,000 mg/m³) TWA

1989 OSHA PEL 400 ppm (1600 mg/m³) TWA, 500 ppm (2,000 mg/m³) STEL

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 400 ppm (1,640 mg/m³) TWA, 500 ppm (2,050 mg/m³) STEL

Description of Substance: Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor.

LEL:. . 1.05% (10% LEL, 1,050 ppm)

Original (SCP) IDLH: 5,000 ppm

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Patty [1963] that a 15-minute exposure to 5,000 ppm produced a state of intoxication characterized by uncontrolled hilarity in some individuals and in others a stupor lasting for 30 minutes after the exposure [Patty and Yant 1929]. According to Patty [1963], a 4-minute exposure to this same concentration produces vertigo and incoordination [Patty and Yant 1929]. These symptoms described by Patty [1963] could perhaps impede escape.

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50(ppm)	LCLo(ppm)	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF)	Derivedvalue
HumanMouseMouse	Flury and Zernik 1931Marhold 1986Swann et al. 1974	—–17,986—–	16,000—–15,000	?2 hr30 min	?28,778 ppm (1.6)15,000 ppm (1.0)	?2,878 ppm1,500 ppm

Other human data: Inhalation of 1,000 ppm for 6 minutes was associated with slight dizziness [Patty and Yant 1929]. Exposure to 5,000 ppm for 4 minutes produced complaints of nausea, a loss of appetite, vertigo, and incoordination [Patty and Yant 1929]. A 15-minute exposure to 5,000 ppm produced a state of intoxication characterized by uncontrolled hilarity in some individuals and in others a stupor lasting for 30 minutes after the exposure [Patty and Yant 1929].

Revised IDLH: 750 ppmBasis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for n-heptane is 750 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Patty and Yant 1929].

REFERENCES:

1. Flury F, Zernik F [1931]. Schädliche gase dämpfe, nebel, rauch- und staubarten. Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Julius Springer, pp. 257-264 (in German).

2. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 9 (in Czechoslovakian).

3. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., pp. 1198-1199.

4. Patty FA, Yant WP [1929]. Odor intensity and symptoms produced by commercial propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane vapor. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations, No. 2979, pp. 1-10.

5. Swann HE Jr, Kwon BK, Hogan GK, Snellings WM [1974]. Acute inhalation toxicity of volatile hydrocarbons. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 35:511-518.

Junyuan Heptane is commercially available as mixed isomers for use in paints and coatings, as the rubber cement solvent “Bestine”, the outdoor stove fuel “Powerfuel” by Primus, as pure n -heptane for research and development and pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a minor component of gasoline.

Solvents, such as 2-Me-THF, n-heptane, and iso-propyl acetate, which are being used more frequently as the chemical industry aims to adopt greener, safer, and more sustainable solvents. These spectral tables simplify the identification of these solvents as impurities in NMR spectra following their use in synthesis and workup protocols.

The n-Heptane used in some of Spirits is extremely high purity with very low levels of other organic solvents, heavy metals, and impurities. Blending this high purity n-Heptane with food/pharmaceutical grade Ethanol creates a solvent capable of producing an exceptionally clean, premium quality oil.

n-Heptane is a non-polar solvent that is widely used in several industries such as pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, electronics, polymer and plastic, adhesives and sealants, textile and industrial cleaning, among others.

n-Heptane is a paint solvent and rubber cement thinner. Heptane is excellent for oil extraction and solvent extraction. Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a high purity (99.9%) grade of n-Heptane. Heptane is widely used in laboratories in the United States as a non-polar solvent. In some botanical processing labs, heptane is used to replace hexane.

The growth of the electronic industry will have a positive impact on the n-Heptane market. Growth of the pharmaceutical industry is also driving the demand for high purity n-Heptane. Also, the rising demand for n-Heptane from other end-use applications such as adhesives & sealants will have a positive impact on the n-Heptane market.

n-Heptane is used as a test fuel constituent. n-Heptane also finds important applications in the purification process of pharmaceutical products and other synthetic organics. n-Heptane and its multiple isomers are extensively used in laboratories as non-polar solvents. As a liquid, n-Heptane is known to display many advantages.

The n-heptane isomerization was conducted at flow unit with an isothermal tubular reactor with fixed bed
catalyst (2 sm3, 0.2-0.7 mm fraction) at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a temperature range of 140-240ºC. Before the
reaction, the catalyst was reduced in a hydrogen flow at 300 °C for 3 hours, then the reactor was cooled to reaction
temperature and n-heptane was fed with volume velocity of 1h-1) in a Н2/n-heptane ratio =3 (mol.).
Analysis of the reaction products was carried out in the online mode using a gas chromatograph (Tsvet-800)
equipped with a flame ionization detector and capillary column PONA/PIONA (J&W Scientific). The measure of
catalyst activity was the n-heptane conversion . Isomerization selectivity was defined as the ratio of the heptane
isomers sum yield to all isomerization products.

Pt/WO3/ZrO2 Catalysts for n-Heptane Isomerization