Tag n-Hexane

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Abstract: Class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, are flammable liquids that pose a risk of fire and explosion during transport. China customs has issued new regulations that require these solvents to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This article explains the rationale behind this requirement, and the implications for shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China.

Keywords: China customs, class 3 dangerous goods, solvents, steel drums, tare weight

Article:

Class 3 dangerous goods solvents are liquids that have a flash point of not more than 60.5°C, or liquids that are transported or offered for transport at temperatures at or above their flash point[^1^][3]. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form a flammable mixture with air. Some examples of class 3 dangerous goods solvents are n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, which are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing industries.

These solvents are hazardous because they can easily ignite and cause fire and explosion when exposed to heat, sparks, or flames. Therefore, they need to be transported in suitable packaging that can prevent leakage, withstand pressure, and resist impact. According to the international dangerous goods regulations for sea and air transport, the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents must have a UN specification marking that indicates the material, type, category, capacity, test pressure, and year of manufacture of the packaging[^1^][3].

However, China customs has imposed additional requirements for the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents that are imported or exported into and out of China. On 10 January 2021, the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) issued Announcement No. 129 on Questions Regarding the Inspection on Imported and Exported Hazardous Chemicals and their Packaging[^2^][1]. This announcement specifies that class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, must use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg[^2^][1]. Tare weight is the weight of an empty container or vehicle.

The reason for this requirement is to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents. Steel drums are more durable and resistant than other types of packaging, such as plastic drums or jerricans, and can better protect the solvents from external factors, such as temperature, humidity, and sunlight. Moreover, steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg have a higher wall thickness and a lower risk of deformation or damage during transport[^2^][1]. This can prevent the leakage or spillage of the solvents, which could cause environmental pollution, health hazards, or fire accidents.

The implication of this requirement is that shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to comply with the new customs regulations and use the appropriate packaging for their solvents. Otherwise, they may face delays, fines, or rejection of their shipments by the customs authority. Shippers and importers also need to provide data on the hazardous chemicals and their packaging, such as declarations of conformity, inspection and identification reports, and UN specification markings, to the customs authority for verification[^2^][1].

In conclusion, China customs has issued new regulations that require class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This requirement is based on the rationale of preventing fire and explosion hazards, and protecting the environment and human health. Shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to follow the new regulations and use the suitable packaging for their solvents, as well as provide the necessary data and documents to the customs authority.

HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography, is a widely used technique for separating and analyzing different components of a mixture. HPLC is often used in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food industries, as well as in research laboratories. HPLC requires a solvent, which is a liquid that dissolves the mixture and carries it through the system. The solvent plays an important role in the efficiency and accuracy of HPLC, as well as in the safety and environmental impact of the process.

One of the most common solvents used in HPLC is n-hexane, which is a simple hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. n-Hexane has some advantages as a solvent, such as low cost, low polarity, and high volatility. However, n-hexane also has some serious drawbacks, such as high toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards. Exposure to n-hexane can cause nerve damage, respiratory problems, skin irritation, and even cancer. n-Hexane is also highly flammable and can cause fires and explosions. Moreover, n-hexane is not biodegradable and can contaminate soil and water sources.

To overcome these problems, some researchers and manufacturers have developed alternative solvents that are safer and cleaner than n-hexane. One of these alternatives is isohexane, which is a structural isomer of n-hexane. This means that isohexane has the same molecular formula as n-hexane, but a different arrangement of atoms. Isohexane has five carbon atoms in a straight chain and one carbon atom attached to the middle carbon atom, forming a branch. This slight difference in structure makes isohexane much less toxic, less flammable, and more biodegradable than n-hexane.

Isohexane has been shown to be an effective solvent for HPLC, as it has similar properties to n-hexane, such as low polarity and high volatility. Isohexane can dissolve and separate a wide range of compounds, such as fatty acids, steroids, and pesticides. Isohexane can also be mixed with other solvents, such as ethanol, to adjust the polarity and selectivity of the solvent. Isohexane has been used in HPLC for various applications, such as analyzing herbal medicines, essential oils, and biodiesel.

One of the leading manufacturers of isohexane is Junyuan Petroleum Group, a Chinese company that specializes in producing high-quality solvents and chemicals. Junyuan Petroleum Group has an ISO certified manufacturing facility with a well-equipped laboratory to maintain global quality standards. Junyuan Petroleum Group offers isohexane with a purity of 99% and a low content of n-hexane (<5%). Junyuan Petroleum Group also provides customized services and products to meet the specific needs of customers.

Isohexane is a cleaner and safer solvent for HPLC, as it reduces the health and environmental risks associated with n-hexane. Isohexane is also a versatile and efficient solvent that can be used for various HPLC applications. Isohexane is a promising alternative to n-hexane that can improve the quality and safety of HPLC.

Hexane is a colorless, flammable liquid that is widely used in organic synthesis, solvents, and fuels. It has the chemical formula C6H14, and it belongs to the class of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms. Hexane has five structural isomers, which are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. These are:

• n-Hexane: The straight-chain isomer, where all six carbon atoms are connected in a single chain. This is the most common form of hexane, and it is also the most toxic and volatile. It can cause nerve damage and respiratory problems if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
• 2-Methylpentane: The branched-chain isomer, where one of the carbon atoms is attached to three other carbon atoms, forming a branch. This isomer has slightly lower boiling and melting points than n-hexane, and it is less toxic and volatile.
• 3-Methylpentane: Another branched-chain isomer, where the branch is located at the third carbon atom from one end of the chain. This isomer has similar properties to 2-methylpentane, but it is slightly more symmetrical.
• 2,2-Dimethylbutane: The most branched isomer, where two of the carbon atoms are attached to four other carbon atoms, forming two branches. This isomer has the lowest boiling and melting points of all hexane isomers, and it is also the least toxic and volatile.
• 2,3-Dimethylbutane: The least symmetrical isomer, where the two branches are located at different positions on the chain. This isomer has intermediate properties between 2,2-dimethylbutane and 3-methylpentane.

Hexane is usually obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil, where it is separated from other hydrocarbons based on their boiling points. Hexane can also be produced from the hydrogenation of benzene, which is a cyclic hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and six double bonds.

Hexane has many applications in various industries, such as:

• Solvent: Hexane is a good solvent for dissolving fats, oils, waxes, and other non-polar substances. It is widely used in the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds, such as soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed. It is also used in the production of rubber, adhesives, paints, and varnishes.
• Fuel: Hexane is a component of gasoline, where it helps to increase the octane rating and reduce engine knocking. It is also used as a fuel additive, a fuel for camping stoves, and a propellant for aerosol cans.
• Organic synthesis: Hexane is a starting material for the synthesis of many organic compounds, such as hexanol, hexanoic acid, hexylamine, and cyclohexane. It is also used as a reaction medium, a catalyst carrier, and a purification agent.

Hexane has a CAS number of 110-54-3, which is a unique identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance. The CAS number consists of three parts: a registry number, a hyphen, and a check digit. The registry number is a sequential number that indicates the order of registration, the hyphen is a separator, and the check digit is a single digit that is calculated from the registry number to ensure its validity. The CAS number helps to avoid confusion and ambiguity among different names, synonyms, and formulas of chemical substances.

Hexane is an important and versatile chemical substance, but it also poses some health and environmental risks. Therefore, it is essential to handle it with care and follow the safety precautions and regulations when using it.

Abstract: N-hexane is a molecule with six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. It is a clear, flammable, and evaporating liquid that belongs to a group of chemicals called alkanes. N-hexane is widely used as a special solvent, which means it can dissolve or separate some substances that are hard to dissolve or separate by other solvents. This article reviews the main applications of n-hexane as a special solvent in the food, pharmaceutical, and printing industries, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using n-hexane as an extractant and a cleaning agent. The article also highlights the potential health and environmental risks of n-hexane exposure and suggests some alternative solvents that are safer and greener.

I can help you write a popular science article in English about n-hexane as a special solvent. Here is a possible draft:

N-hexane is a molecule with six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. It is a clear, flammable, and evaporating liquid that belongs to a group of chemicals called alkanes. N-hexane is widely used as a special solvent, which means it can dissolve or separate some substances that are hard to dissolve or separate by other solvents.

One of the main applications of n-hexane as a special solvent is in the food industry. N-hexane can extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans, corn, and sunflower. These oils can be used for cooking, frying, or making margarine and biodiesel. N-hexane can also remove unwanted components from food, such as pigments, waxes, and pesticides, which can affect the color, texture, and safety of food.

Another application of n-hexane as a special solvent is in the pharmaceutical industry. N-hexane can extract active ingredients, vitamins, and antioxidants from herbs, flowers, and seeds. These extracts can be used to make drugs and medicines that can treat various diseases and improve health. N-hexane can also purify drugs and medicines by removing impurities and contaminants that can reduce their effectiveness and quality.

A third application of n-hexane as a special solvent is in the printing industry. N-hexane can clean the printing machines and the printing plates by dissolving the ink, grease, and dirt. This can improve the quality and speed of printing and prevent the machines from clogging and breaking down. N-hexane can also be used as a component of some inks that can print on different materials, such as paper, plastic, and metal.

N-hexane has several advantages as a special solvent, such as low cost, high availability, low toxicity, high selectivity, and easy recovery. However, n-hexane also has some challenges and risks, such as flammability, volatility, and environmental impact. Therefore, n-hexane should be used with caution and care, and some alternatives or improvements should be explored for future development.

N-hexane is a versatile and valuable special solvent that has many applications in different fields. By understanding its properties and functions, we can appreciate its role in our daily life and society.

As a leading chemical company, at Junyuan Petroleum Group we are committed to providing high-quality and innovative products to our customers around the world. However, delivering chemical samples to different countries and regions is not a simple task. It requires careful planning and execution, as well as compliance with various laws and regulations. To ensure the safety and legality of our sample shipments, we follow these steps: – We identify the type and hazard level of our chemical samples, and whether they need any special permits or certificates. – We choose the appropriate shipping service and mode of transportation, such as air, land or sea, that meet the international or domestic transport rules. – We use proper packaging materials and labels, to prevent leakage, damage or mishandling of our samples. – We fill out complete and accurate shipping documents, including the information of the recipient and the sender, as well as the name, quantity, hazard level and other relevant information of our samples. – We hand over the shipping documents and samples to the shipping service provider, pay the corresponding fees, and track the shipping status. By following these steps, we can ensure that our samples reach our customers in a timely and efficient manner, and that we maintain our reputation as a reliable and trustworthy partner. We are always ready to serve our customers with our best products and services. Some of our most popular products are n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Blowing Agents, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Butane and Isobutane. These products are widely used in the production of insulation materials, such as Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) foams. They have different properties and advantages, depending on the application and the desired insulation performance¹². For example, Cyclopentane offers an extremely high and lasting insulating effect, as it remains partially in the cells of PU and PIR foams after foaming¹. N-Pentane and Iso-Pentane have a lower insulating effect than Cyclopentane, but they are more stable and the individual cells are firmer and finer². Blowing Agents are mixtures of different Pentanes, which can optimize the costs and foam properties¹. We test these products in our state-of-the-art laboratories, to ensure their quality and safety. We also customize the products according to the specific needs and preferences of our customers. For example, we can adjust the purity, viscosity, boiling point, and flash point of the products, to suit different applications and climates. The typical amount of samples that our customers request is around 250 milliliters, but this may vary depending on the product and the customer’s requirements. We always try to accommodate the requests of our customers, as long as they are reasonable and legal. We also provide technical support and guidance, to help our customers use our products effectively and efficiently.

Source:
(1) Which Pentanes are suitable for the production of insulating materials?
(2) Which Pentane Blowing Agent is Best for Your Application?
(3) Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the …. https://junyuanpetroleumgroup.com/chemical-manufacturer-supplier-distributor/cyclopentane-as-a-blowing-agent-in-polyurethane-pu-foams-is-the-most-important-raw-material-for-high-performance-insulation-in-refrigerators/.
(4) N-Heptane Vs N-Pentane

The Price of n-Hexane in the Chinese Market Today- March 07, 2023
Market Price: CNY/MT
n-Hexane Purity: 60%
Currency: CNY
Mainstream Price: 9,400
Highest Price: 9,500
Lowest Price 9,300
Average Price This Week: ▼9,400
Change Value : ▼-300
Change: ▼-3.09%
Average Price This Month: ▼9,625
Change Value: ▼-25%
Change: ▼-0.26%
Data Date: 03/07/2023

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate is at a current level of 6.910, up from 6.865 the previous market day and up from 6.317 one year ago.

Chemistry Table
CAS Number: 110-54-3
Molecular Formula: C6H14
Formula Weight: 86.18
Synonyms: n-Hexane, Hexyl hydride, Skellysolve B, Gettysolve-B, Hexan, Hexanes, Dipropyl, Normal hexane, n-Hexan
Grade: High Purity Grade
Percent Purity: 60-99%
Chemical Name or Material: Hexane
UN Number: 1208
Solubility Information: Miscible with alcohol,chloroform,acetone and ether.
Formula Weight: 86.18
Density: 0.659
Boiling Point: 69°C
Quantity: 50 mL
Flash Point: −23°C (−9°F)
Odor: Weak, Characteristic
Packaging Type: ISO Tank/Steel Drum
Payment Terms: T/T, L/C
Manufacturer: Junyuan Petroleum Group
Description
n-Hexane is used as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops. Commercial grades of hexane are used as solvents for glues, varnishes, and inks, cleaning agent (degreaser) in the printing industry, liquid in low temperature thermometers. Other uses are as fuels and fuel additives, intermediates and laboratory chemicals.
Applications
n-Hexane is used as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops. Commercial grades of hexane are used as solvents for glues, varnishes, and inks, cleaning agent (degreaser) in the printing industry, liquid in low temperature thermometers. Other uses are as fuels and fuel additives, intermediates and laboratory chemicals.
Solubility
Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, acetone and ether.
Notes
Incompatible with dinitrogen tetraoxide. Store in a cool and dry environment.

As the one of the largest manufacturer of specialty solvents, Junyuan Petroleum Group is equipped to handle chemicals shipping in any required form, including bulk, steel drums, containers, ISO tank containers. With exclusive rates from many of the worlds major shipping lines and ISO tank owners, we are able to provide competitive and reliable deliveries of solvents and chemicals on CFR and CIF terms.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is committed to being a premier solvent manufacturer of pentanes, hexanes, heptanes and butanes to our customers. If you would like to know more about a product or technology, or how we can help you be more successful, please contact us. Your inquiry is important to us, email us at info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com to request technical information and documentation about particular products, ask questions, or receive a catalog.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is one of the Hexane manufacturers, exporters, producers, and suppliers in China

Hexane is an organic compound, a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms, and has the molecular formula C6H14. Hexane is a significant constituent of gasoline. It is a colorless liquid, odorless when pure, and with boiling points of approximately 69 °C (156 °F). It is widely used as a cheap, relatively safe, largely unreactive, and easily evaporated nonpolar solvent.

Hexane is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C6H14. It belongs to linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is obtained from crude oil cracking and fractionation. It is a colorless liquid with a faint special odor. It is volatile, almost insoluble in water, and easily soluble in chloroform, ether, and ethanol. Mainly used as a solvent, such as vegetable oil extraction solvent, propylene polymerization solvent, rubber and paint solvent, pigment diluent.

It is used for the extraction of various edible oils such as soybeans, rice bran, cottonseeds, and oils in spices. In addition, the isomerization of n-hexane is one of the important processes for producing high-octane gasoline blending component.

The term hexanes refer to a mixture, composed largely (>60%) of hexane, with varying amounts of the isomeric compounds 2-methyl pentane and 3-methyl pentane, and, possibly, smaller amounts of nonisomeric C5, C6, and C7 (cyclo)alkanes. Hexanes are cheaper than hexane and are often used in large-scale operations not requiring a single isomer (e.g., as cleaning solvent or for chromatography).

Uses

In industry, hexanes are used in the formulation of glues for shoes, leather products, and roofing. They are also used to extract cooking oils (such as canola oil or soy oil) from seeds, for cleansing and degreasing a variety of items, and in textile manufacturing. They are commonly used in food-based soybean oil extraction in the United States, and are potentially present as contaminants in all soy food products in which the technique is used; the lack of regulation by the FDA of this contaminant is a matter of some controversy.

A typical laboratory use of hexanes is to extract oil and grease contaminants from water and soil for analysis. Since hexane cannot be easily deprotonated, it is used in the laboratory for reactions that involve very strong bases, such as the preparation of organolithiums. For example, butyllithiums are typically supplied as a hexane solution.

Hexanes are commonly used in chromatography as a non-polar solvent. Higher alkanes present as impurities in hexanes have similar retention times as the solvent, meaning that fractions containing hexane will also contain these impurities. In preparative chromatography, the concentration of a large volume of hexanes can result in a sample that is appreciably contaminated by alkanes. This may result in a solid compound being obtained as an oil and the alkanes may interfere with the analysis.

Used in solvents, extraction, organic synthesis, cleaning in the electronics industry, as an extractant in the pharmaceutical industry, and also as an extractant for edible vegetable oils.

Mainly used as a solvent, such as vegetable oil extraction solvent, propylene polymerization solvent, rubber and paint solvent, pigment diluent. It is used for the extraction of various edible oils such as soybeans, rice bran, cottonseeds, and other spices. In addition, it is also a high-octane fuel.

Determination of moisture in methanol. UV spectrum analysis. Pesticide residue analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography. Gas chromatographic analysis standard. Biochemical research, protein sequence analysis.

Determine the refractive index of minerals. Organic Synthesis. Replace mercury in thermometers.

Used as analytical reagent and solvent.

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