Tag n-Hexane

Plan Ahead: May Day Holidays Around the World May Impact Your Chemical Supply Chain

#Cyclopentane #Isopentane #nPentane #nHexane #nHeptane #SulfidingAgent #Pentane #Hexane #Heptane #MayDay #LabourDay #Logistics #ChemicalIndustry #SupplyChain

As Labour Day holidays vary across countries, timely coordination in logistics becomes essential. For global buyers of hydrocarbons like Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, and sulfiding agents, early planning ensures supply chain continuity during the early May slowdown.

With the global Labour Day (May Day) holidays approaching, it’s crucial for international buyers of chemical raw materials to prepare ahead—especially when sourcing from across regions with varying public holiday schedules.

Our product portfolio covers a wide range of high-purity hydrocarbons, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, n-Hexane, n-Heptane, and various sulfiding agents. These materials serve industries from polyurethane insulation, refrigeration, and adhesives to pharmaceuticals, refining, and electronics.

Key Holiday Timelines to Note:

• Russia: May 1–3, with many extending holidays until May 9 (Victory Day)

• Japan: Golden Week, typically May 1–7, with some businesses closed for up to 11 days

• France: May 1 only, strict labor laws prohibit most business activities

• Australia: Varies by state, with Queensland and Northern Territory observing May 6

• UK, Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand, and others: May 1 as a national holiday

No May 1 Holidays:

Markets such as South Korea, Israel, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands operate normally during early May but observe labor-related holidays at other times.

Price Stability of n-Hexane, 60% in China: Recent Trends and Market Insights

As of April 25, 2025, the market price of industrial-grade n-Hexane, 60% in China remained at RMB 8,500/ton (~USD 1,160/ton), with zero fluctuation observed during the 11-day period from April 14 to April 25. This stability highlights several underlying features and trends within the domestic hexane market.

I. Analysis of Price Stability

The rare “zero-volatility” trend during this period may be attributed to a combination of the following factors:

1. Supply-Demand Equilibrium: The current balance between supply and demand in the chemical sector appears strong. Neither seasonal variations nor unexpected disruptions (such as transportation issues) occurred. Downstream procurement remained steady, and upstream production capacity experienced no major adjustments.

2. Cost and Policy Support: The cost of producing n-Hexane—linked to feedstocks like crude oil and natural gas—remained stable, preventing cost-driven price shifts. In addition, government oversight or industry coordination may have contributed to market stability by discouraging price surges that could pressure manufacturing costs.

II. Industry Context

This data reflects trends specific to the Chinese market and must be interpreted in the broader context of the industry:

• Demand Structure: n-Hexane is widely used as a solvent and chemical intermediate, especially in coatings, adhesives, and rubber processing. Its relatively low demand elasticity means usage doesn’t rapidly rise or fall. The current stability may indicate a flat downstream demand or improved efficiency reducing per-unit consumption. Notably, rising demand for high-purity solvents in the new energy sector (e.g., lithium battery adhesives) has not yet significantly impacted this traditional hexane segment.

• Market Competition: The domestic n-Hexane market is likely dominated by leading local producers, with moderate pressure from imports. Price stability suggests a relatively balanced and cautious competitive environment.

III. Risk Outlook: What Could Disrupt This Balance?

Despite the short-term calm, the following risks could cause price shifts:

1. Upstream Volatility: A surge in global crude oil prices—driven by geopolitical events or OPEC policy—could increase production costs and exert upward pressure on n-Hexane pricing.

2. Environmental and Regulatory Pressures: Stricter environmental regulations may cause plant shutdowns or capacity reductions, tightening supply. Carbon reduction targets could also increase costs for feedstock processing methods such as gas-to-olefins (GTO).

3. Substitution Risk: As VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) regulations tighten, alternatives like Isopentane may gain market share, diverting demand from traditional n-Hexane products.

IV. Strategic Recommendations

To navigate current conditions and prepare for potential changes, businesses should consider:

• Procurement Strategy: Continue just-in-time purchasing in the short term. Mid- to long-term, build a pricing alert system focusing on crude oil futures and policy developments.

• Production Efficiency: Chemical producers should optimize processes to reduce energy consumption and offset potential cost hikes. Explore high-value downstream applications such as electronic-grade solvents to enhance product margins.

• Market Diversification: Closely monitor regional demand within China. While national data shows stability, local pricing may vary due to logistics and other regional dynamics. Flexible resource allocation is key.

V. Long-Term Outlook

This current period of price stability may be temporary. Two key forces will shape the long-term trajectory:

1. Global energy transitions and their ripple effect on petrochemical chains.

2. Industrial upgrading in China, especially the shift toward high-end chemical materials.

If the new energy industry accelerates, demand for specialty solvents could surge, possibly triggering a structural transformation of the n-Hexane market. On the other hand, continued stagnation in traditional sectors may narrow future price fluctuations even further.

In summary, the stable price of n-Hexane, 60% in recent weeks is the result of balanced supply-demand dynamics, cost control, and a cautious market environment. Industry players should adopt a dynamic and flexible strategy to respond to potential disruptions and long-term transformation opportunities.

#nHexane #Hexane #SolventMarket #Petrochemicals #PriceTrend #ChemicalMarket #EnergyChemicals #VOCs #Isopentane #Adhesives #LithiumBatteryMaterials #IndustrialChemicals #正己烷 #己烷

Market Analysis Report on n-Hexane Prices in China (April 2025)

Trends, Influencing Factors, and Future Projections with Dual Currency Pricing (CNY and USD)

Abstract

This report provides a detailed analysis of the n-hexane market prices in Shandong, China, as of April 25, 2025. The mainstream price of n-hexane is recorded at 8366.18 CNY/ton (approximately 1160.39 USD/ton), with a slight decline of 0.7% compared to March 2025, but a year-on-year increase of 5.23% from December 2024. Historical price trends from October 2024 to April 2025 are examined, revealing a 6.0% fluctuation range. Key influencing factors include supply-demand dynamics, raw material costs (driven by crude oil prices), macroeconomic conditions, and environmental regulations. Short-term price stability is expected within the range of 8300–8500 CNY/ton (1150–1180 USD/ton), while mid-to-long-term trends depend on global oil prices and downstream demand. Recommendations are provided for producers, downstream users, and investors to navigate market uncertainties.

Keywords

n-Hexane, Shandong Market, Price Analysis, Supply-Demand, Crude Oil Impact, Environmental Policy, Currency Exchange, Market Forecast, Chemical Industry, 2025 Trends


1. Market Overview

As of April 25, 2025, the n-hexane market in Shandong, China, reflects a mainstream price of 8366.18 CNY/ton (approximately 1160.39 USD/ton), a highest price of 8416.18 CNY/ton (1167.42 USD/ton), and a lowest price of 8289.71 CNY/ton (1149.98 USD/ton). The data encompasses the Shandong and Jiangsu regions, as well as n-hexane with 60% content. The mainstream price shows a slight fluctuation compared to recent days, with the overall trend remaining relatively stable. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of price trends, influencing factors, and future projections, with all prices presented in both Chinese Yuan (CNY) and US Dollars (USD) based on the exchange rate of April 24, 2025 (1 USD = 7.2098 CNY, 1 CNY ≈ 0.1387 USD).

2. Price Trend Analysis

2.1 Recent Price Movements
  • Mainstream Price: In April 2025, the mainstream price of n-hexane stands at 8366.18 CNY/ton (1160.39 USD/ton), down by 58.82 CNY/ton (8.26 USD/ton) from March 2025’s 8425 CNY/ton (1168.65 USD/ton), representing a decline of approximately 0.7%. Compared to January 2025’s 8065.79 CNY/ton (1118.73 USD/ton), the price has risen by 300.39 CNY/ton (41.66 USD/ton), a 3.73% increase.
  • Highest Price: The highest price in April 2025 is 8416.18 CNY/ton (1167.42 USD/ton), a decrease of 58.82 CNY/ton (8.18 USD/ton) from March 2025’s 8475 CNY/ton (1175.60 USD/ton), a 0.69% drop. Compared to January 2025’s 8136.84 CNY/ton (1128.58 USD/ton), it has increased by 279.34 CNY/ton (38.84 USD/ton), up by 3.43%.
  • Lowest Price: The lowest price in April 2025 is 8289.71 CNY/ton (1149.98 USD/ton), down by 35.29 CNY/ton (4.90 USD/ton) from March 2025’s 8325 CNY/ton (1154.88 USD/ton), a 0.42% decrease. Compared to January 2025’s 7994.74 CNY/ton (1108.87 USD/ton), it has risen by 294.97 CNY/ton (41.11 USD/ton), a 3.69% increase.

The data indicates a slight downward trend in n-hexane prices in April 2025, but prices remain higher than the beginning of the year, suggesting a recovery from early 2025 lows followed by a recent adjustment.

2.2 Historical Price Comparison
  • Year-on-Year Comparison: In December 2024, the mainstream price was 7950 CNY/ton (1102.67 USD/ton). By April 2025, the mainstream price of 8366.18 CNY/ton (1160.39 USD/ton) reflects an increase of 416.18 CNY/ton (57.72 USD/ton), a year-on-year rise of 5.23%.
  • Annual Fluctuation: From October 2024 to April 2025, the mainstream price fluctuated between 7950 CNY/ton (1102.67 USD/ton) and 8425 CNY/ton (1168.65 USD/ton), with an overall fluctuation range of approximately 6.0%. Prices peaked at 8425 CNY/ton (1168.65 USD/ton) in early 2025 but declined slightly by April.

3. Influencing Factors Analysis

3.1 Supply and Demand Dynamics

n-Hexane is a critical organic solvent widely used in vegetable oil extraction, rubber production, and chemical manufacturing. The price increase in early 2025 may be attributed to heightened downstream demand, such as seasonal growth in the edible oil processing sector. However, the price decline in April could reflect weakened demand or an increase in supply, possibly due to fluctuations in crude oil prices affecting production costs.

3.2 Raw Material Costs

n-Hexane production is heavily dependent on the petrochemical industry, with crude oil prices serving as a primary cost driver. In early 2025, a potential rise in global oil prices likely increased n-hexane production costs, supporting price growth. However, a possible oil price decline in April may have reduced production costs, exerting downward pressure on n-hexane prices.

3.3 Macroeconomic and Policy Factors

The global economic environment in 2025 may impact the n-hexane market. Economic slowdowns could reduce demand from downstream industries, suppressing prices. Additionally, stricter environmental regulations, such as controls on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in some regions, may limit n-hexane production and usage, affecting market demand.

4. Market Trend Forecast

4.1 Short-Term Outlook

n-Hexane prices in April 2025 have shown a slight decline, but the overall fluctuation remains limited, indicating a relatively stable market. Given that prices are still higher than last year and have risen since the beginning of 2025, short-term prices are expected to oscillate between 8300 CNY/ton (1150 USD/ton) and 8500 CNY/ton (1180 USD/ton).

4.2 Mid-to-Long-Term Outlook

In the mid-to-long term, n-hexane price trends will depend on a combination of crude oil prices, downstream demand, and environmental policies. If global oil prices stabilize and rise, or if demand from the edible oil and chemical sectors continues to grow, prices could climb above 8500 CNY/ton (1180 USD/ton). However, if the global economy slows or environmental regulations tighten further, prices may face downward pressure.

5. Recommendations

5.1 For Producers

With current n-hexane prices at a relatively high level, producers may consider selling inventory to lock in profits. They should also monitor crude oil price trends and environmental policy developments to adjust production plans and mitigate potential risks.

5.2 For Downstream Users

Edible oil processing and chemical companies can take advantage of the slight price dip in April to make purchases, but they should remain cautious of future price volatility. A staggered procurement strategy is recommended to minimize cost risks.

5.3 For Investors

Investors focusing on petrochemical-related products should closely track crude oil prices and n-hexane supply-demand dynamics. In the short term, a wait-and-see approach may be prudent, with action taken once clearer trend signals emerge.

6. Conclusion

In April 2025, the n-hexane market in Shandong, China, exhibits a slight downward trend, with the mainstream price at 8366.18 CNY/ton (1160.39 USD/ton), a 0.7% decrease from the previous month but a 5.23% increase compared to the same period last year. Price movements are influenced by supply-demand dynamics, raw material costs, macroeconomic conditions, and policy factors. The market is expected to remain stable in the short term, with potential fluctuations in the mid-to-long term driven by crude oil prices and downstream demand. Stakeholders should stay informed of market developments and adopt strategic measures to address potential price risks.

7. Notes

  • USD prices are calculated based on the April 24, 2025, CNY to USD exchange rate (1 USD = 7.2098 CNY, 1 CNY ≈ 0.1387 USD).
  • Actual exchange rates may vary due to market fluctuations, transaction timing, or specific trading platforms. Real-time exchange rates should be referenced for precise calculations.

If further analysis or additional data is required, please feel free to provide more details!

ISO tank containing n-Hexane, a high-quality industrial solvent, carefully designed for safe and efficient transport in bulk quantities

Junyuan Petroleum Group Explores Expansion in Pakistan’s Hexane Market

Strategizing High-Quality Chemical Solutions Amid Shifting Market Dynamics in South Asia

Dongying, China, April 2025 – Junyuan Petroleum Group, a global leader in premium chemical products, is exploring opportunities to meet Pakistan’s growing demand for Hexane. This initiative aligns with the company’s strategic expansion plans across South Asia while maintaining its commitment to delivering high-quality chemical solutions.

In response to the influx of Romanian petroleum-based Hexane priced at $1910-1950/MT CIF, Junyuan Petroleum Group emphasizes its focus on superior-quality offerings designed for premium market segments. “Our products are positioned differently, targeting clients who value quality and reliability over low-cost solutions,” shared David, Sales Manager of Junyuan Petroleum Group.

The company has also clarified its strict payment terms for potential buyers:

  • T/T 100% prepayment
  • LC at sight with a maximum validity of 90 days.

As the company finalizes its plans, it seeks client input on preferred packaging options for shipments to Karachi, offering flexibility with ISO tanks or steel drums.

This exploration into the Pakistani market underscores Junyuan Petroleum Group’s strategic commitment to expanding its footprint and continuing to lead in high-quality chemical supply and logistics.

For inquiries, please contact: David Zhang, Sales Manager Junyuan Petroleum Group

With a commitment to consistency, competitive pricing, and reliable supply chains, Junyuan Petroleum Group is your ideal n-Hexane supplier in Abu Dhabi.

Reliable n-Hexane Suppliers in Abu Dhabi: Why Junyuan Petroleum Group Leads the Market

Summary

As one of the largest n-Hexane suppliers in Abu Dhabi, Junyuan Petroleum Group has established itself as a trusted partner for businesses seeking high-purity solvents. Over the past decade, we have built a strong global customer base, supplying top-quality n-Hexane for industries such as pharmaceuticals, adhesives, and oil extraction. With a commitment to consistency, competitive pricing, and reliable supply chains, Junyuan Petroleum Group is your ideal n-Hexane supplier in Abu Dhabi.

Keywords

n-Hexane suppliers in Abu Dhabi, n-Hexane manufacturers, high-purity n-Hexane, n-Hexane for oil extraction, n-Hexane for adhesives, Junyuan Petroleum Group, China n-Hexane supplier, best n-Hexane supplier, industrial solvents supplier

Junyuan Petroleum Group: A Trusted Name in the n-Hexane Market

As China’s largest n-Hexane manufacturer, Junyuan Petroleum Group has expanded its footprint in international markets, including the UAE and Abu Dhabi. With over 10 years of experience, we have become a go-to supplier for businesses needing high-purity n-Hexane for various industrial applications.

Why Choose Junyuan Petroleum Group as Your n-Hexane Supplier?

1. Consistently High Purity

Our n-Hexane meets the strictest quality standards, making it suitable for sensitive applications such as pharmaceuticals, adhesives, and edible oil extraction. Each batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure compliance with international safety and environmental regulations.

2. Competitive Pricing & Bulk Supply

We offer cost-effective solutions for businesses in Abu Dhabi looking for bulk n-Hexane purchases. Our direct manufacturing and efficient logistics system allow us to maintain competitive pricing without compromising quality.

3. Reliable Supply Chain & Fast Delivery

With a well-established global distribution network, we ensure timely deliveries to Abu Dhabi and other Middle Eastern markets. Our extensive production capacity guarantees uninterrupted supply, reducing the risk of shortages for our customers.

4. Wide Industry Applications

Junyuan Petroleum Group supplies n-Hexane for industries including:

• Pharmaceuticals: Used in the synthesis of medicines and drug formulations.

• Adhesives & Sealants: Provides excellent solvency for industrial adhesives.

• Oil Extraction: Essential for vegetable oil and edible oil refining.

• Rubber & Polymer Processing: A key solvent in manufacturing rubber-based products.

Partner with Junyuan Petroleum Group for High-Quality n-Hexane in Abu Dhabi

For businesses in Abu Dhabi and across the UAE seeking a trusted n-Hexane supplier, Junyuan Petroleum Group offers unmatched reliability, product quality, and cost-effectiveness. Contact us today to discuss your supply needs and secure a stable source of high-purity n-Hexane for your business.

Get in Touch

For inquiries, bulk orders, or technical specifications, reach out to us today. We look forward to supporting your n-Hexane supply needs in Abu Dhabi!

Understanding n-Pentane, n-Hexane, and n-Heptane: Properties, Applications, and Global Usage

Abstract

n-Pentane, n-Hexane, and n-Heptane are straight-chain alkanes with similar chemical and physical properties. They are widely used in various industries, including solvents, fuel additives, and chemical synthesis. This article explores their shared characteristics, major industrial applications, and how their usage differs across countries. While n-Pentane is commonly used as a blowing agent and refrigerant, n-Hexane is widely employed in oil extraction and rubber production, though its use in food processing is increasingly restricted due to health concerns. Meanwhile, n-Heptane serves as an important reference material for octane rating in fuels and is also utilized in the coatings and laboratory industries. Understanding these hydrocarbons’ roles in different global markets highlights their industrial significance and regulatory variations.

Keywords:

n-Pentane, n-Hexane, n-Heptane, alkanes, solvents, fuel additives, chemical industry, industrial applications

Introduction

Hydrocarbons play a vital role in various industrial sectors, and among them, straight-chain alkanes such as n-Pentane, n-Hexane, and n-Heptane are particularly significant. These three alkanes share many similarities in their chemical and physical properties, yet they serve distinct purposes in different industries. This article examines their characteristics, common applications, and how their usage varies globally.

Common Characteristics of n-Pentane, n-Hexane, and n-Heptane

These three alkanes exhibit several shared properties:

1. Stable Chemical Nature – As saturated hydrocarbons, they are relatively unreactive but highly flammable.

2. Similar Physical Properties – All are colorless, volatile liquids with a characteristic odor. Their boiling points increase with molecular size:

• n-Pentane: 36°C

n-Hexane: 69°C

• n-Heptane: 98°C

3. Good Solvent Properties – They dissolve well in organic solvents but are insoluble in water, making them useful as industrial solvents.

4. Highly Flammable – Their vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, necessitating careful handling and storage.

Industrial Applications and Global Usage

1. n-Pentane (C₅H₁₂)

• Primary Uses: Solvent, blowing agent, and fuel component.

• In China: Extensively used in polyurethane foam production, especially for refrigerator insulation and construction materials.

• In the United States: Used as a laboratory solvent and as a gasoline blending component to improve combustion properties.

• In the European Union: Applied as a refrigerant and in aerosol propellants, replacing ozone-depleting substances.

• In Japan: Utilized as a cleaning solvent and in cooling systems.

• In Developing Countries: Sometimes used as a fuel substitute due to its flammability.

2. n-Hexane (C₆H₁₄)

• Primary Uses: Oil extraction, rubber manufacturing, and industrial cleaning agent.

• In China: Widely used for edible oil extraction (soybean, peanut, and rapeseed oils).

• In the United States: Mainly used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, printing inks, and adhesives. However, its use in food processing is restricted due to potential health risks.

• In the European Union: Applied in rubber manufacturing and as an industrial cleaning agent, though its use in food processing is increasingly regulated.

• In Japan: Commonly used as a cleaning agent in electronics manufacturing.

• Global Trends: Many countries are limiting its application in food-related industries due to health concerns.

3. n-Heptane (C₇H₁₆)

• Primary Uses: Solvent, fuel reference material, and coatings industry.

• In China: Used as a standard reference for gasoline octane rating and as a solvent in coatings.

• In the United States: Plays a key role in aviation fuel testing and is used in industrial cleaning applications.

• In the European Union: Commonly found in paint thinners, laboratory solvents, and fuel research.

• In Japan: Applied in rubber and coatings industries and as a chemical solvent in laboratories.

• In Research & Development: High-purity n-Heptane is frequently used in scientific studies, particularly in fuel and chemical analysis.

Conclusion

Despite their structural similarities, n-Pentane, n-Hexane, and n-Heptane have distinct applications based on their physical properties and industry requirements. While n-Pentane is primarily used as a blowing agent and refrigerant, n-Hexane is a common solvent in oil extraction and industrial cleaning, though its use in food applications is decreasing due to safety regulations. n-Heptane, on the other hand, serves as a fuel standard and solvent in coatings and laboratory applications. Different countries regulate and utilize these hydrocarbons based on industrial demand and environmental policies, highlighting the evolving nature of their applications worldwide.

Understanding the roles of these alkanes in various sectors helps industries optimize their usage while considering safety and environmental impacts.

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS): Catalyst Sulfiding and Advantages

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS): Catalyst Sulfiding and Advantages

Hexane- Heptane- Understanding the Impact of NHeptane Production

Understanding the Impact of n-Hexane Oversupply on n-Heptane Production

n-Hexane and n-Heptane, both members of the alkane family, find utility in diverse sectors due to their unique characteristics. While n-Hexane serves as a nonpolar solvent in electronics cleaning and leather industries, n-Heptane plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical intermediates and rubber synthesis. Let’s delve into the factors that link these two solvents and examine the implications of n-Hexane oversupply on n-Heptane production.

Market Demand and Supply Chain:

1. n-Hexane Demand and Applications:
    – n-Hexane, commonly known as “white gasoline,” boasts excellent solvency for oils and fats. It is widely used in the electronics and footwear industries as a cleaning agent.
    – A decline in n-Hexane demand could prompt manufacturers to reduce production, potentially affecting the supply chain.
    – Manufacturers may seek alternative markets or adjust production strategies, indirectly impacting n-Heptane production.

2. Process and Raw Materials:
    – n-Hexane and n-Heptane follow distinct production processes involving desulfurization, dearomatization, and distillation steps.
    – Reduced n-Hexane production might necessitate adjustments in related equipment and process lines, potentially affecting n-Heptane production.

3. Market Competition and Cost Considerations:
    – Both solvents overlap in certain applications, such as plant oil extraction.
    – If n-Hexane prices rise or it faces oversupply, manufacturers may explore n-Heptane as an alternative, affecting n-Heptane’s market share and production.

Conclusion:
The oversupply of n-Hexane can trigger a chain reaction impacting n-Heptane production, including market demand, supply chains, process adjustments, and cost dynamics. Vigilant monitoring of market shifts and flexible production strategies are essential to ensure stable n-Heptane supply. As the chemical industry evolves, understanding these intricate relationships becomes paramount for sustainable solvent production.

Why China Customs Requires Class 3 Dangerous Goods Solvents to Use Steel Drums with a Tare Weight of at Least 19 KG

Abstract: Class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, are flammable liquids that pose a risk of fire and explosion during transport. China customs has issued new regulations that require these solvents to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This article explains the rationale behind this requirement, and the implications for shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China.

Keywords: China customs, class 3 dangerous goods, solvents, steel drums, tare weight

Article:

Class 3 dangerous goods solvents are liquids that have a flash point of not more than 60.5°C, or liquids that are transported or offered for transport at temperatures at or above their flash point[^1^][3]. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form a flammable mixture with air. Some examples of class 3 dangerous goods solvents are n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, which are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing industries.

These solvents are hazardous because they can easily ignite and cause fire and explosion when exposed to heat, sparks, or flames. Therefore, they need to be transported in suitable packaging that can prevent leakage, withstand pressure, and resist impact. According to the international dangerous goods regulations for sea and air transport, the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents must have a UN specification marking that indicates the material, type, category, capacity, test pressure, and year of manufacture of the packaging[^1^][3].

However, China customs has imposed additional requirements for the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents that are imported or exported into and out of China. On 10 January 2021, the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) issued Announcement No. 129 on Questions Regarding the Inspection on Imported and Exported Hazardous Chemicals and their Packaging[^2^][1]. This announcement specifies that class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, must use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg[^2^][1]. Tare weight is the weight of an empty container or vehicle.

The reason for this requirement is to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging of class 3 dangerous goods solvents. Steel drums are more durable and resistant than other types of packaging, such as plastic drums or jerricans, and can better protect the solvents from external factors, such as temperature, humidity, and sunlight. Moreover, steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg have a higher wall thickness and a lower risk of deformation or damage during transport[^2^][1]. This can prevent the leakage or spillage of the solvents, which could cause environmental pollution, health hazards, or fire accidents.

The implication of this requirement is that shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to comply with the new customs regulations and use the appropriate packaging for their solvents. Otherwise, they may face delays, fines, or rejection of their shipments by the customs authority. Shippers and importers also need to provide data on the hazardous chemicals and their packaging, such as declarations of conformity, inspection and identification reports, and UN specification markings, to the customs authority for verification[^2^][1].

In conclusion, China customs has issued new regulations that require class 3 dangerous goods solvents, such as n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, to use steel drums with a tare weight of at least 19 kg, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the packaging. This requirement is based on the rationale of preventing fire and explosion hazards, and protecting the environment and human health. Shippers and importers of class 3 dangerous goods solvents in China need to follow the new regulations and use the suitable packaging for their solvents, as well as provide the necessary data and documents to the customs authority.

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