Tag n-Heptane

N-HEPTANE

CAS No. 142-82-5

Definition

Heptane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. Heptane has 9 isomers, or 11 if enantiomers are counted. (Wikipedia)

Important Natural Compounds, Substances of Biological Interest, Food Toxin, Household Toxin, Industrial/Workplace Toxin, Natural Toxin, Plant Toxin

Description

N-Heptane is found in cardamom. Heptane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. Heptane has 9 isomers, or 11 if enantiomers are counted. (Wikipedia) N-Heptane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2.

Application: n-Heptane is a straight-chain alkane consisting of seven carbons that is widely used as a completely non-polar solvent. n-Heptane is sometimes chosen as a less toxic option to the traditional hexane in appropriate processes. In liquid form, n-Heptane is very easy to transport and store.

Compatibility: Heptane is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It should not be stored near ignition sources and avoid excessive heat and confined spaces. Please see SDS for full safety and compatibility information.

Packaging Options: Typically available in drums, Isotanks, and bulk. Contact us or ask your representative for further information.

Heptane Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Chemical Properties

n-Heptane is a flammable liquid, present in crude oil and widely used in the auto- mobile industry. For example, as a solvent, as a gasoline knock testing standard, as automotive starter fl uid, and paraffi nic naphtha. n-Heptane causes adverse health effects in occupational workers, such as CNS depression, skin irritation, and pain. Other compounds such as n-octane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 ), n-nonane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 ), and n-decane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 ) have different industrial applications. Occupational workers exposed to these compounds also show adverse health effects. In principle, manage- ment of these aliphatic compounds requires proper handling and disposal to avoid health problems and to maintain chemical safety standards for safety to workers and the living environment.

Chemical Properties

n-Heptane is a clear liquid which is highly flammable and volatile with a mild, gasoline-like odor. The odor threshold is 40 547 ppm; also reported @ 230 ppm.

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, very flammable liquid with a faint, pleasant odor resembling hexane or octane. Based on a triangle bag odor method, an odor threshold concentration of 670 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Uses

Suitable for HPLC, spectrophotometry, environmental testing

Uses

As standard in testing knock of gasoline engines.

Uses

heptane is a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent.

Definition

A colorless liquid alkane obtained from petroleum refining. It is used as a solvent.

Definition

heptane: A liquid straight-chainalkane obtained from petroleum,C₇H₁₆; r.d. 0.684; m.p. -90.6°C; b.p.98.4°C. In standardizing octanenumbers, heptane is given a valuezero.

Production Methods

Heptane is produced in refining processes. Highly purified heptane is produced by adsorption of commercial heptane on molecular sieves.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 3, p. 43, 1962 DOI:10.1007/BF01499754

General Description

Clear colorless liquids with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 25°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

HEPTANE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers .

Hazard

Toxic by inhalation. Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

Health Hazard

VAPOR: Not irritating to eyes, nose or throat. If inhaled, will cause coughing or difficult breathing. LIQUID: Irritating to skin and eyes. If swallowed, will cause nausea or vomiting.

Fire Hazard

FLAMMABLE. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Potential Exposure

n-Heptane is used in graphics, textiles, adhesives, and coatings; as an industrial solvent and in the petroleum refining process; as a standard in testing knock of gasoline engines.

Source

Schauer et al. (1999) reported heptane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 470 g/km.
Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996).
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of heptane was 28.9 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of heptane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained heptane at a concentration of 9,700 mg/kg.
Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 1.82 and 268 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

Environmental Fate

Biological. Heptane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of heptyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-heptanol followed by oxidation to heptanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-heptene, which may react with water forming 1- heptanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming the corresponding alcohol (1-heptanol). The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming heptanal followed by oxidation forming heptanoic acid. The acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). Hou (1982) reported hexanoic acid as a degradation product by the microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of hexane and OH radicals in the atmosphere: 7.15 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). Photooxidation reaction rate constants of 7.19 x 10^-12 and 1.36 x 10^-16 cm³/molecule?sec were reported for the reaction of heptane with OH and NO3, respectively (Sablji? and Güsten, 1990). Based on a photooxidation rate constant 7.15 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec for heptane and OH radicals, the estimated atmospheric lifetime is 19 h in summer sunlight (Altshuller, 1991).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. Heptane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.

Shipping

UN1206 Heptanes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. May accumulate static electric charges that can ignite its vapors.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

eneral Information

• Metabolism: Volatile hydrocarbons are absorbed mainly through the lungs, and may also enter the body after ingestion via aspiration. (A600)
• Uses/Sources: Heptanes may be found in gasoline and are widely used as solvents. They are also sold as fuel for outdoor stoves. (L1289)
• Health Effects: Petroleum distillates are aspiration hazards and may cause pulmonary damage, central nervous system depression, and cardiac effects such as cardiac arrhythmias. They may also affect the blood, immune system, liver, and kidney. (A600, L1297)
• Symptoms: Heptane affects the central nervous system and may cause lightheadedness, giddiness, stupor, vertigo, incoordination, loss of appetite, nausea, and unconsciousness. Direct skin contact with heptane may cause pain, burning, and itching. (T29)
• Treatment: Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage, emesis, and the administration of activated charcoal should be avoided, as vomiting increases the risk of aspiration. (A600)
• Route of Exposure: Oral (T29) ; inhalation (T29) ; dermal (T29)

• Carcinogenicity: N-Heptane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135)
• Toxicity: LD50: 222 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (T14) LC50: 75 g/m3 over 2 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (T14)

• The price of pentane blends is stable at present.
• The Chinese market for n-Pentane, Isopentane, Pentane Blends/pentane blowing/foaming agent, n-Heptane market inquiries are active.
• The price of n-Heptane in the Chinese market rose slightly, which supported the market. The supply of n-Heptane is in short supply, and the market is slightly firm.
• The Solvent Oil/D Series fluid market in China is still weak, and the price may continue to move downward. At present, the inventory of solvent oil raw materials is relatively sufficient, the intention of large-scale purchase is not high, and the export is also reduced. The domestic inventory is facing the risk of recovery, in the near future, the market price will decrease slightly.
• At present, the transaction price of high purity n-Hexane is on the high side in the Chinese market, and the orders of various manufacturers are still relatively concentrated. Moreover, all factories need to carry out annual maintenance, and the stock shortage situation is persistent. Moreover, the market price of n-Hexane raw materials is too high, which leads to the shortage situation in the short term, and the price keeps rising steadily.
• At present, the volume of n-Octane in the Chinese market is scarce, the market price is falling, and the orders are scarce.

Heptane
Heptane anhydrous, 99% CAS Number 142-82-5. Linear Formula CH 3 (CH 2) 5 CH 3. Molecular Weight 100.20 . Beilstein/REAXYS Number 1730763 . EC Number 205-563-8. MDL number MFCD00009544. PubChem Substance ID 57648092
N-Heptane, is used as a non-polar solvent typically during the plant extraction or crystallization process. N-heptane or normal heptane is a pure single molecule product, which functions better for crystallization due to the tighter control of the chemical properties.
n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is a 100% iso-octane).
Number of Transactions>200
Total Quantity: (kg)14,177,933 kg
Total Value:(USD)$27,346,608

API Imports and Exports for n-Heptane from India

Hexane
N-hexane CAS Number: 110-54-3 Molecular formula: C6H14 IUPAC Name: hexane. Hydrocarbons, C6, isoalkanes, 5% n-hexane . Type: legal entity composition of the substance. Constituent 1. Reference substance name: 2,3-dimethylbutane EC Number: 201-193-6 EC Name: 2,3-dimethylbutane CAS Number: 79-29-8 Molecular formula: C6H14
Hexane is a liquid solvent used in industrial, professional and consumer products such as adhesives and coatings. It can also be used in food contact applications such as a solvent for oil seed extraction. One of the most common applications for hexane is its use as a solvent, specifically as an industrial grade degreaser and cleaner.

Hexane in Solvent extraction method

Hexane in its pure form is a colorless liquid , and its boiling point is between
50℃ – 70℃ all of which work in favor for oil extraction. To begin the process of solvent extraction, oil seeds (soybean, rapeseed etc.) are removed of impurities and dried to reduce moisture content. The next step is to crack the seeds for size reduction, they are then flattened to form flakes which increases the surface area to facilitate easier extraction. In the succeeding step food grade hexane is fed as counter current and the solvent extracts oil from the flakes. Then the solvent is evaporated from the oil solvent mixture and from the defatted flakes by exposing them to steam by direct or indirect method. The solvent is condensed to recover back hexane. The oil which is devoid of the solvent undergoes further processing to achieve commercial quality.

The oil content in the flakes after removes by solvent extraction method is only 1/2% which is far less when compared to other methods of extraction which may range anywhere between 30- 45%.

Extraction of oil from seeds is carried out by three method

• Hydraulic press
• Expeller pressing
• Solvent extraction

The Solvent extraction process scores over the other two methods by the following advantages

• Maximum oil recovery
• Lesser working cost
• Cheaper price tags for end users
• Production meets demand
• The extracted oil is low in sedimentation
• Solvent loss is low

Why hexane for oil extraction and not other solvents?

• Hexane has greater ability to extract oil when compared to other solvent like petroleum ether and ethyl acetate.
• With a boiling point of 69℃ it is able to retain its liquid state at all atmospheric conditions other than for extreme climates.
• Its reasonable volatility aids easy removal from solids and oil, using low energy.
• When compared to other solvents hexane records the lowest skin irritation.
• It aggressively mixes with the vegetable oil and washes it out with out disturbing fiber, protein, sugar and undesired gums.
• It is low in odor and does not cause discomfort during exposures.

Hexane considerably scores over all other solvents and is the universally accepted chemical for solvent extraction. The method by itself uses lesser hp and maintenance is also minimal. The process flow is quiet similar with slight variation depending on the seed that’s involved in extraction. Seeds that are subjected solvent extraction process are rape seed, canola, sunflower, safflower, Soybean etc. Pure Chemicals Co. has 36 years of experience in chemical industry and is one of the largest supplier of hexane for all the big names in edible oil extraction industry that follow solvent extraction process.

Number of Transactions>200
Total Quantity: (kg)357,295,003 kg
Total Value: (USD)$418,591,307

API Imports and Exports for n-Hexane from India

MSDS Name: Heptane
Creation Date: 02-Jan-2016
Revision Date: 02-Jan-2017
Revision Number: 2

Synonyms: n-Heptane; Normal Heptane.
Company Identification:
              Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company
              117 Guangqing Rd.,
              Dongying, Shandong, China
Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com
Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com
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