What is Hexane?

Hexane is an unbranched hydrocarbon with formula C₆H₁₄.

Hexane is a nonpolar molecule with a weak intermolecular interactions occur between the molecules of pure liquid hydrocarbons. It is a highly volatile, flammable toxic chemical which is a by-product made from crude oil. Hexane isomers are to a great extent lifeless, and are every now and again utilized as an organic solvent since they are very non-polar.

Other names – Amyl Carbinol, 1-Hexanol, Hexyl alcohol, 1-Hydroxyhexane

C6H14	Hexane
Density	655 kg/m³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass	86.18 g/mol
Boiling Point	68.5 to 69.1 °C
Melting Point	−96 to −94 °C
Chemical Formula	CH3(CH2)4CH3

Physical Properties of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

Chemical Properties of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

• • Hexane undergoes combustion reaction readily to form carbon dioxide and water molecules.

2C₆H₁₄ + 19O₂ → 12CO₂ + 14H₂O

• • Hexane being a higher hydrocarbons undergo thermal cracking forms more than one hydrocarbon.

C₆H₁₄ (on thermal cracking) → C₄H₁₀(butane) + C₂H₄(ethene)

Uses of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

• One of the most commonly used solvents in synthetic reactions using lipases.
• Used in the biodiesel production.
• Hexane in commercial grades used as solvents for varnishes, inks and adhesives.
• Used as a min solvent for vegetable oilseed and other non-petroleum oil extraction since the 1940s.
• Hexane azeotropes have been used for secondary extraction of residual lipids from hexane-extracted meals in order to improve flavor and odour.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes cough, respiratory track irritation, mild depression, cardiac arrhythmias. Ingestion causes vomiting, nausea, headache, swelling of abdomen and depression. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema, excitement followed by depression.

What is a CMR bill of lading? A CMR bill of lading is a bill of lading that complies with the guidelines of the international CMR Convention. CMR stands for Convention relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route (Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road).

What is the Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by Road (CMR) required by foreign customers? How our Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes are transported by international roads to Europe, Russia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Southeast Asian countries.

In short, “Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by Road (CMR)” refers to the transport document issued in road transportation. The abbreviation of English convention renewable aucontract de transport international de marchandises par route is the international road cargo waybill. Sometimes the buyer’s certificate requirements are written as way bill / CMR / TIR, etc.

If CMR is explained in detail, what is an international convention first? International conventions refer to the common provisions of many countries specifically aimed at a certain field. Generally, they are the specific provisions between countries on the interests and risks of economy, politics, culture, law, technology and other aspects. After public discussion, they reach an agreement and abide by it jointly after signing. In popular terms, they are the rules of the game formulated by countries for a certain field, The content includes the rights and obligations of States parties signing the Convention, as well as the basis for how to solve problems after they occur.

The history and specific contents of the “Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by road” contain a large amount of information, so it is inconvenient to elaborate here. Interested friends can search by themselves and learn the relevant provisions, rights and responsibilities in the Convention, especially friends majoring in international commercial law, international trade, supply chain and international logistics freight forwarding, which is conducive to solving a large number of business problems related to it in their work.  Our logistics partners operated the international road transportation business in Central Asia for many years. Customers often ask about this in their actual work. Here are three important contents summarized and brought to the attention of relevant practitioners.

The international road waybill is not a document of title. It is believed that many international trade and international logistics freight forwarders have understood that neither International Railway nor international road waybill can have property rights like ocean bill of lading, but some people still have problems in this link. After the goods arrive at the destination, the balance has not been recovered and the goods have been taken away. Therefore, before issuing the road waybill, we must do a good job in account control. If the balance is not recovered, we can control the cargo right through the designated transporter to avoid the empty of money and goods.

When transshipping landlocked countries through a third country, the receiving party requires CMR. As some countries are landlocked countries, in case of transshipment to inland countries through the ports of a third country, the consignor will encounter the request of the consignee to provide CMR for local customs clearance. Because most of such transportation will be blocked by the multimodal transport bill of lading issued to the end, even if CMR is involved, it will be ignored. Therefore, many practitioners do not understand the issuer and operation process of this document. If they encounter this matter, they can consult the freight forwarder.

Modify the CMR soft clause in the letter of credit. This link is related to Article 2. For example, if the CMR issuer is the road carrier of a third country, the CMR presentation will be used when the trade parties settle with the letter of credit, but the shipper may not be able to obtain the document. Therefore, in the verification stage, if such soft terms are found, it is necessary to discuss and modify them with the receiver in time to avoid problems in bank presentation. The specific modification method is negotiated by both parties, and there is no specific explanation here.

At present, China has acceded to the Convention on the international carriage of road vehicles in the field of international land transportation; In terms of international railways, China has acceded to the international railway freight transport agreement and the International Convention on railway freight transport; International maritime transport has acceded to the United Nations Convention on the carriage of goods by sea, namely the Hamburg Rules; International air transport has joined the Warsaw Convention and so on; In terms of multimodal transport, we have acceded to the United Nations Convention on international multimodal transport of goods and formulated a large number of domestic legal rules on warehousing and transportation. If we have the opportunity, we will also introduce them in detail.
It can be said that China has joined all major international conventions related to international transportation, making China’s logistics rules seamlessly connected with international rules. Only sound rules can keep domestic and international transportation channels smooth. In addition to abiding by them, we also need to use these rules to protect our interests in international trade.

Bill of lading

A bill of lading is a document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. Although the term historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may today be used for any type of carriage of goods. Bills of lading are one of three crucial documents used in international trade to ensure that exporters receive payment and importers receive the merchandise. The other two documents are a policy of insurance and an invoice. Whereas a bill of lading is negotiable, both a policy and an invoice are assignable. In international trade outside the United States, bills of lading are distinct from waybills in that the latter are not transferable and do not confer title. Nevertheless, the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 grants “all rights of suit under the contract of carriage” to the lawful holder of a bill of lading, or to the consignee under a sea waybill or a ship’s delivery order.

 

What is a CMR bill of lading?

A CMR bill of lading is a bill of lading that complies with the guidelines of the international CMR Convention. CMR stands for Convention relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route (Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road). A bill of lading is a document that is linked to a shipment and describes what the carrier transports from A to B on behalf of the shipper. The CMR Convention is a treaty between European countries and some countries outside of Europe on the legal rules regarding the carriage of goods by road.  

What is a bill of lading?

A bill of lading (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL) is a document that states that a carrier is transporting a load from A to B on behalf of the shipper. It is legal proof of the contract of carriage and is also used as a receipt, where the recipient signs the bill of lading. A bill of lading is linked to a shipment that consists of one or more goods that are loaded at one or more places for one client, that are transported with one motor vehicle or trailer, to one recipient. The bill of lading states which goods are contained in a shipment and where they need to be delivered. The bill of lading states whether special obligations must be met for these goods, for example in terms of hazardous substances. The weight is also stated, which can be used to check if a truck is not overloaded. There are different types of bills of lading. The most important is the CMR bill of lading, but there are also bills of lading that are only valid within one country.

The CMR Convention is an international agreement regarding the carriage of goods by road. It applies to the commercial transport of goods in international relations. Provided that at least one country (shipment or destination country) has acceded to the CMR Convention. It should be noted that it applies only to transport provided under a contract of carriage by cars, articulated vehicles, semi-trailers, and trailers.

CMR Convention – Important information

The CMR Convention is extremely useful because it unifies the transport documentation, transports carried out by successive carriers, the conditions of the contract for the carriage of goods by road, the carrier’s liability, the mode of complaints, and complaints, claims arising from the carriage. Entities authorized to operate in the field of international road transport are defined by the provisions of the national law of individual countries. In the case of Poland, this is determined by the Road Transport Act. It is worth noting that the CMR Convention is used when the transport is performed by states, organizations, or governmental institutions. Importantly, when applying the CMR Convention, the carrier is responsible for the actions taken by its employees as for its own.

Bill of lading

The proof of the conclusion of the contract of carriage under the CMR Convention is a consignment note. It is issued in triplicate (each copy has the same legal and evidentiary value). It is signed and stamped by both the sender and the carrier. The first of them takes the sender, the second accompanies the shipment and is intended for the recipient, while the third receives the carrier. Sometimes a fourth copy, so-called back copy, is issued for statistical purposes. If the goods are to be loaded on different vehicles or several batches of products are to be carried, both the sender and the carrier have the right to require the issue of so many waybills, how many vehicles should be used or how many types or batches of goods.

In the event of an irregularity, lack of information, or loss of the bill of lading, all costs incurred because of this by the carrier are borne by the sender. However, the carrier is obliged to check the condition of the goods together with their packaging, as well as the correctness of the details of the waybill with the number of copies, their numbers, and characteristics when receiving the goods.

What does the waybill contain?

The waybill should contain the following data:

a) place and date of issue;

b) name and address of the sender;

c) the name and address of the carrier;

d) place and date of acceptance of the goods for transport and the place of issue;

e) name and address of the recipient;

f) a commonly used description of the type of good and the manner of packaging, and for dangerous goods their generally accepted description;

g) the number of items, their characteristics, and numbers;

h) gross weight or otherwise expressed quantity of goods;

i) transport-related costs (transportable, additional costs, customs duties and other costs arising from the time of conclusion of the contract to the time of delivery);

j) instructions necessary to complete customs and other formalities;

k) a declaration that the carriage, regardless of any contrary clause, is subject to the provisions of this Convention.

When the CMR Convention does not apply

The CMR Convention does not apply to the carriage of postal items, corpses, and cargo belonging to displaced persons. Besides, it is not used when concluding shipping contracts. Contracts are deemed to be such, the essence of which is not to carry out the transport but only to its organization. The carrier does not have to carry out the transport personally. It follows that whether the convention is applicable or not is determined by the content of the undertaking. Therefore, if the basis of the contract is the performance of the transport, then the provisions of the Convention will apply.

Westbound Export Transportation Routes for Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes:
Route: Zhengzhou Alashankou – malaszewicze / Warsaw, Poland – Hamburg / Munich, Germany
Route: Hefei – Alashankou – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Wuhan – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Wuhan – Manzhouli – Moscow, vorsino – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Suzhou Manzhouli Moscow vorsino Poland Warsaw
Route: Yiwu – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany – Madrid, Spain
Route: Yiwu – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Prague, Czech Republic – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Chongqing – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Chengdu – Alashankou – Lodz, Poland – niurengurg / Tilburg, Germany
Route: Xiamen – Alashankou – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Xiamen – Alashankou – malasewicze – Budapest, Hungary
Route: Shenzhen – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Xi’an – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Shenyang – Manzhouli – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Changsha – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Changsha Manzhouli Minsk, Belarus
Route: Changsha – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Budapest, Hungary

Heptane is more specifically a fraction boiling at 43-65°C. Gasoline boils at 40-70°C,
pentane at 34-37°C. Higher boiling fractions are hexane 65-69°C, SBP 62/82 boiling at 64-72°C,
SBP 80/100 boiling at 83-120°C. Heptane is especially popular for smaller laboratories but also big industrial complexes.
When used in labs, it is either utilized as a solve, reagent for organic synthesis.

 Hexane is an indirect additive to soy-based food products, because it is used to extract oils from plant seeds such as soy beans, corn, sun-flowers, and canola.

n-Pentane, 99% CAS: 109-66-0 MDL: MFCD00009498 EINECS: 203-692-4 Synonyms: Pentane 
For spectrophotometry, chromatography, and residue analysis. UV cutoff 190nm.

Precautions for Export of Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes to  Russia

Russia has a long history of trade with our country, which has begun since the 1980s and 1990s. There are a lot of matters about the customs clearance of Russia.
1、 Import
（1） Imported goods arrive at Russian customs territory
1. When the goods and means of transport arrive at the Russian border port, the freight forwarding company or carrier shall submit the following documents and information to the Customs within 15 days:
– the state of registration of the means of transport;
– name and address of the cargo carrier;
– the name of the country where the goods are sent and the country where the goods are transported;
– name and address of consignor and consignee;
– commercial documents owned by the carrier;
– shipping marks and types of goods packages;
– name of goods and commodity code (no less than the first 4 digits);
– net weight of goods (kg) or volume of goods (M3), except for goods with huge appearance;
– information on goods prohibited or restricted from entering the customs territory of the Russian Federation;
– issue the bill of lading for international transportation of goods.
2. If customs transit is required, the freight forwarding company or carrier shall apply to the customs and submit the following materials:
– name and location of consignor (consignee);
– name of the country of destination of the goods;
– the name and location of the carrier of the goods, or the name and location of the sender, if the sender has obtained an internal customs clearance;
– information on the means of transport for transshipment of goods within the customs territory of Russia. In case of road transportation, information on the driver of the means of transport shall also be provided;
– type, name, quantity, price, weight or volume of goods and commodity code (no less than the first four digits);
– total number of packages;
– destination of goods;
– transshipment plan and transportation route information;
– planned period of goods transshipment.
3. After the transit goods arrive at the destination customs, they shall declare to the Customs within 15 days.
（2） Declaration and customs clearance of imported goods
1. Customs declaration agent
– according to the Russian Customs Law, the declarant can only be a Russian citizen. Foreign enterprises or cargo owners can only entrust Russian customs broker or customs broker to handle import declaration procedures;
– when accepting the entrustment of the import consignee or consignor to go through the customs declaration formalities, the customs broker or customs broker shall examine the authenticity and integrity of the information and documents provided by the consignor. If he fails to fulfill the examination obligation or violates the legal provisions in the declaration, he shall bear the corresponding legal responsibility;
– the customs broker shall truthfully and accurately fill in the contents listed in the customs declaration form and submit the necessary documents and materials to the customs.
2. Documents and documents to be submitted for import declaration
– customs declaration form for imported goods;
– commercial documents required for customs declaration (such as contract, invoice, waybill, bill of lading, packing list, insurance policy, manifest and other attached documents);
– Transportation (transshipment) documents;
– approval documents, licenses, certificates and / or license documents for the import of restricted goods;
– Certificate of origin of goods;
– information on the calculation of customs taxes;
– Certificate of customs broker and certificate of customs broker issued by Russian customs.
3. Payment of import duties
– the cargo owner or customs declaration agent shall pay customs taxes in full and on time according to the tax calculated by the customs, including import tariff, value-added tax and customs miscellaneous fees, or handle customs guarantee procedures according to regulations;
– when the declared price of imported goods is lower than the customs risk price parameter, the owner of the goods shall provide corresponding contract transaction price supporting documents according to the requirements of the customs. If the required documents cannot be provided, the Russian customs will levy tariffs according to the lowest risk price.
4. Goods release
– according to the provisions of the Russian Customs Law, the customs shall release the imported goods with complete customs declaration documents, full payment of customs duties and consistent documents and goods within 3 working days;
– if the goods belong to bonded warehouse, domestic processing, duty-free trade, temporary entry, re export and other special supervision, the customs can release the goods conditionally.
2、 Export
（1） Declaration of export goods
1. The agent declaration requirements for export goods are fully consistent with those for import.
2. Documents and documents to be submitted for export declaration
– customs declaration form for export goods;
– commercial documents required for customs declaration (such as contract, invoice, waybill, bill of lading, packing list, insurance policy, manifest and other attached documents);
– Transportation (transshipment) documents;
– approval documents, licenses, certificates and / or license documents for the export of restricted goods;
– information on the calculation of customs taxes;
– Certificate of customs broker and certificate of customs broker issued by Russian customs.
3. For goods subject to export duties payable, the owner or customs declaration agent shall pay taxes in full and on time according to the export tax calculated by the customs.
（2） Release of export goods
1. After the export declaration form is accepted, the carrier can load the goods into the means of transport to leave the customs territory of Russia and accept the customs inspection.
2. The customs shall release the export goods that have been examined and verified by the customs documents within 3 working days.

14-MAR-22: the supply of Pentane foaming agent is sufficient and the demand is weak. Coupled with the increase of supply, the market of foaming agent products in the domestic market began to shift from tight supply and demand to oversupply. For the first time since January 2022, the price has fallen by – 1.09%.

Pentane is an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon with stable chemical properties. It does not react with acids and bases at normal temperature and pressure. Pyrolysis occurs at high temperature above 600 ℃ or in the presence of appropriate catalyst to produce mixtures of propylene, butene, isobutene, butane and isopropane. Aluminum trichloride was used as catalyst for isomerization to produce 2-methylbutane. 2. Stability 3 Prohibited compounds: strong oxidant, strong acid, strong alkali, halogen 4 Polymerization hazard: no polymerization. Pentane products are widely used and can be used as foaming agents for expandable polystyrene and polyurethane foam systems. They are used in areas such as fluorine free refrigerators, freezers, cold storage and pipeline insulation.

The content of mixed pentane of Junyuan Petroleum Group is more than 99%; Distillation range: 34 ~ 39; Density: 620-630, acting on pentane foaming agent, oil blending pentane, medicine, pesticide intermediates, etc. Junyuan Petroleum Group sincerely welcomes people from all walks of life to consult, visit and negotiate business with strict quality assurance system and the most satisfactory service.

Pentane Blowing Agent
Product Description:
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Content:
1 Cyclopentane / Isopentane Blend: 70% / 30%, 85% / 15%, 80% / 20%
2. n-Pentane / Isopentane Blend: 70% / 30%, 85% / 15%, 60% / 40%, 50% / 50%
3. Blend according to other proportion requirements.
Manufacturer: Junyuan Petroleum Group
Annual output: 800000 tons

Application of Pentane Blowing Agent
Pentane is the main foaming agent used to produce polystyrene foam and other foams. Generally, mixtures of N -, I – and more and more cyclopentane are used for this purpose. Because of its low boiling point, low cost and relative safety, pentane is used as the working medium of geothermal power stations. It is also added to some refrigerant mixtures.
Pentanes are relatively cheap and are the most volatile alkanes that are liquid at room temperature, so they are usually used as solvents that can be easily evaporated in the laboratory. However, due to their nonpolarity and lack of functionality, they can only dissolve nonpolar and alkyl rich compounds. Pentane is miscible with most common nonpolar solvents, such as chlorocarbons, aromatics and ethers. They are also often used in liquid chromatography.
Product specification
Please contact our salesman to provide product specifications of various formula proportions
Pentane foaming agent synonyms: pentane mixture, pentane foaming agent, np85, cp85, cp80, cp70, NP70, NP60, IP15, NP50, cyclopentane / isopentane mixture, n-pentane isopentane mixture, pentane mixture. N-pentane 85, cyclopentane 85, n-pentane 70, cyclopentane 70, isopentane 15.
Usage and safety information
Pentane mixture is highly flammable. Store in original containers in approved fire protected areas. Keep the container tightly sealed. Keep away from incompatible materials in cool, dry, well ventilated areas. Protect containers from physical damage and regularly check for leaks. Please read the material safety data sheet (MSDS) before use. Dangerous or dangerous reactions will not occur under normal conditions.
Pentane foaming agent packaging
ISO tank, 200 L barrel

				Daily Price Changes in Chemical Solvents
				Sales & Support Contacts
				www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com
				WhatsApp:+8617810300898
				info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com
Date/Time	3/9/2022	3/10/2022	3/11/2022	3/12/2022	3/13/2022	3/14/2022
	9:00:00 AM	9:00:00 AM	9:00:00 AM	9:00:00 AM	9:00:00 AM	9:00:00 AM
n-Pentane,95% CAS# 109-66-0	+0.52%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Pentane,99% CAS# 109-66-0	+0.47%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Isopentane,95% CAS# 78-78-4	+0.47%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Isopentane,99% CAS# 78-78-4	+0.43%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Blowing Agent Isopentane ≥ n-Pentane Blend Ratios: 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50	+0.54%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Blowing Agent Isopentane ≤ n-Pentane Blend Ratios: 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50	+0.55%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	-1.09%
Cyclopentane CAS# 287-92-3	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Hexane,60% CAS# 110-54-3	+1.08%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Hexane,70% CAS# 110-54-3	+1.05%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Hexane,80% CAS# 110-54-3	+1.05%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Hexane,90% CAS# 110-54-3	+1.04%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Hexane,99% CAS# 110-54-3	+0.81%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Heptane,99% CAS# 142-82-5	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
n-Octane,99% CAS# 111-65-9	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
D-20 Fluid CAS# 64742-94-5	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a custom manufacturer of chemical solvents. We manufacture a wide variety of chemicals and slovents for various applications. Specialty solvents such as n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Pentane Blowing Agent, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane and Dearomatic Solvent. All of our manufactured items can be private-labeled with your company logo to further promote your business. We’ll assist you in increasing your brand awareness, leading to repeat sales and a larger market share. Sales Inquiry: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com

General pentane (hereafter, pentane) is a colorless, volatile and flammable liquid with a sweet or gasoline-like odor. Pentane consists of three isomers: n-pentane (the most important isomer), isopentane, and neopentane. n-Pentane is a constituent of crude oil and a component of the condensate from natural gas production. It is primarily obtained by fractional distillation of a petroleum stream (generally light virgin naphtha) obtained from the processing of crude oil. n-Pentane is used as a component of gasoline blends, as an aerosol propellant, in low temperature thermometers, as a blowing agent for foams (e.g. expandable polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PUR)), and as a solvent (EU 2003). Isopentane is also used as a blowing agent, and neopentane is used in the manufacture of butyl rubber (ACGIH 2001).

Cyclopentane is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE HAZARD. IDENTIFICATION Cyclopentane is a clear liquid. It is used as a laboratory reagent, a solvent, and as an extraction agent in the paint and shoe industries. REASON FOR CITATION * Cyclopentane is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA and EPA.

2-METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE)†. Watery colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. * All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. As Pentane; there is no specific OSHA PEL for 2-Methylbutane. CAS #: 78-78-4 Formula: C₅H₁₂

A blowing agent blend for making polyolefin foams comprising isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent The co-blowing agent is either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof The blowing agent blend comprises less than about 99 mol % isopentane.  A polyolefin foam structure prepared by the process comprising: melting a thermoplastic polyolefin polymer, dissolving an effective amount of a blowing agent blend in the polyolefin polymer, the blowing agent blend comprising less than about 99 mol % isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, forming an extrudate, transferring the extrudate to an expansion zone, and permitting the extrudate to expand in the expansion zone to produce the polyolefin foam structure, the polyolefin foam structure being a substantially closed-cell and dimensionally-stable structure. A process for making a polyolefin foam structure comprising: melting a thermoplastic polyolefin polymer, dissolving an effective amount of a blowing agent blend in the polyolefin polymer, the blowing agent blend comprising less than about 99 mol % isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, forming an extrudate, transferring the extrudate to an expansion zone, and permitting the extrudate to expand in the expansion zone to produce the polyolefin foam structure. A blowing agent blend for foaming low density polyethylene foam consisting essentially of isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent, the co-blowing agent being either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof, and wherein the blowing agent blend includes from about 10 to about 99 mol % isopentane and the remainder consists essentially of the co-blowing agent. The blowing agent blend of claim above, wherein the co-blowing agent includes at least one physical co-blowing agent, the at least one physical co-blowing agent being ethane, n-propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclopropane, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, dimethyl ether, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) or combinations thereof.

Presently, physical blowing agents more commonly used for making low density polyethylene (LDPE) foams are hydrocarbons such as isobutane or blends of isobutane and n-butane. Other hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane have been used more recently in making LDPE foams. The ability of isobutane, n-butane, propane, ethane and combinations thereof to give stable, low density foams depends on factors such as desirable solubility in low density polyethylene, and the ability of gas permeation modifiers to slow down the escape of such blowing agents. The resultant foam article (e.g., a sheet) using such blowing agents is frequently produced with at least some corrugation. Corrugation occurs when the radial rate of expansion is higher than the radial space available for the foam as it exits the die. Corrugation may be reduced to a certain extent by optimizing the foaming process and apparatus used in forming the foam with these blowing agents, but a low degree of corrugation or visible corrugation lanes often remain. The corrugation becomes more pronounced when a fluid with a very low boiling point (e.g., ethane or propane) is (a) used as the sole blowing agent or (b) present in an amount greater than about 5 mol % with a higher boiling fluid (e.g, isobutane). Corrugation also tends to occur more frequently in sheets (thickness of up to about ½ inch) as opposed to planks (thickness of greater than about an inch), and the degree and magnitude of corrugation increase as the foam density decreases. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a blowing agent blend for making polyolefin foams comprises isopentane and at least one co-blowing agent. The co-blowing agent is either a physical co-blowing agent having a boiling point less than 28° C., or a chemical co-blowing agent, or combinations thereof. The blowing agent blend comprises less than about 99 mol % isopentane. The polyolefin foam may be a low density polyethylene foam. The blowing agent blend may consist essentially of isopentane and the co-blowing agent in which the blowing agent blend includes about 10 to about 99 mol % isopentane with the remainder consisting essentially of the co-blowing agent.

Dearomatic Solvents Market
De-aromatic solvents, also called de-aromatized hydrocarbon solvents or ultra-low aromatic solvents, are a class of hydrocarbon solvents that are characterized by the presence of paraffinic, iso-paraffinic, and naphthenic components, with very low aromatic content (<1%). Paints, coatings, and inks to remain dominant applications of de-aromatic solvents The global paints and coatings market is poised to experience steady growth owing to increasing demand from key end use industries such as construction, automotive & transportation, and electronics & electrical among others. A growing paints, coatings, and inks industry worldwide.

n -Hexane is a chemical made from crude oil. Pure n -hexane is a colorless liquid with a slightly disagreeable odor. It evaporates very easily into the air and dissolves only slightly in water. n -Hexane is highly flammable, and its vapors can be explosive.

2-Methylpentane, trivially known as isohexane, is a branched-chain alkane with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the second carbon atom in a pentane chain. Using a quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction model, 2-Methylpentane has a research octane number of 75, motor octane number of 77, and cetane number of 29.

n-Heptane is a colorless liquid with a mild, Gasoline-like odor. It is used as an industrial solvent and in petroleum refining processes. REASON FOR CITATION * n-Heptane is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, IRIS and NFPA.

n-Octane is used as a solvent and raw material for organic synthesis reactions and is a very important chemical in the petroleum industry. It is also widely used in the rubber and paper processing industries. Isooctane, along with other nalkanes and isoparaffins, is used in the blending of fuels to achieve desired antiknock properties.

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Tank container transportation
Questions: We are an American company. We need to purchase pentane, hexane and heptane products from Junyuan Petroleum Group, one of China’s largest chemical manufacturers. We plan to rent cans by ourselves and arrange transportation by ourselves. How much is an ISO tank? How much is it to buy and rent?
Answers: Isotank (tank container) international standard tank is a kind of stainless steel pressure vessel installed in the fastening external frame. The tank liner is mostly made of 316 stainless steel. Most tanks have steam or electric heating devices, inert gas protection devices, pressure reducing devices and other optional equipment required for fluid transportation and loading and unloading. There is a corner bearing frame around the tank for protection and hoisting. The outer frame size of the tank is exactly the same as that of the international standard 20 ‘container (length: 20 feet, width: 8 feet, height: 8 feet, 6 inches). It can be used for highway, railway and water transportation. It can carry fluid cargo up to 14300 to 31000 liters (or even larger). ISO tank containers – sometimes referred to as isotainers, ISO containers, or intermodal tank containers.

ISO Tank Container for Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes
The 20-foot ISO framework type tank container is applicable to Intermodal transportation. Marine, highway, and railroad transportation. With its overall dimensions conforming to the ISO standards, the tank container has a rating for as high as 9 high stacking loaded. Various components such as valves, safety accessories, heating, cooling components, insulation, walkway, and ladders can be configured according to specific client needs and product requirements to store and transport chemicals globally.

Tank containers have the following advantages:
In addition to all the advantages of containerized transportation, compared with the transportation mode of “several drums are loaded into one dry goods standard container”, it has many advantages, such as economy, convenience, safety, environmental protection, beauty and so on.
1、 Economic benefits;
For example, a 20 foot container (24000 liters) can hold 45% more liquid cargo than a 20 foot standard dry container full of drums. That is, “more shipments at the same freight rate”, which reduces the land and sea transportation costs of unit goods. In addition, the use of tank can save the purchase and disposal cost of drums. These are two direct cost savings in the transportation process.
2、 Fast;
The use of tanks will not have expensive and time-consuming process of small barrel flushing and loading and unloading. The transportation mode can be directly changed between highway, railway and water transportation. The operation is simple and fast, and can be achieved in one step. It can truly achieve “door-to-door” transportation.
3、 Increase safety;
Tank transportation is internationally recognized as the safest mode of transportation of chemicals and food. In the process of distributing and transporting chemicals and food to various places, compared with other methods, this is a unique means of transportation without running, emitting, leaking and avoiding the pollution of the goods themselves.
4、 More conducive to environmental protection; More beautiful and give customers a good impression.

Junyuan Petroleum Group has a number of professional tank container operation teams to provide customers with professional global transportation services of pentane, hexane and heptane!
 

In the next five years,  n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) market participants will apply for innovation based patents
The global n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6 market report provides a detailed review of market behavior, market performance and ways to respond to various situations. In addition to the usual market classification, the report also includes growth rate comparison, current and future prospects, and year-on-year progress. All market insights are presented in the form of quantity (x units) and value (million / billion US dollars).

The n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) market report covers an extensive perspective assessment from each key perspective of the market, such as parts 1, 2 and 3. In addition, market research provides important information related to the taxonomy, including income generation, individual share and impact trends.

The largest manufacturer of n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) in China is Junyuan Petroleum Group.

n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) market research describes a competitive analysis based on R&D projects, important investments, business strategies and growth trajectory. In this study, all participants – large and small – were examined on the basis of predefined parameters.
The  n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) market report highlights the following market segments based on Purity: 60% – 99%
The  n-Hexane ( CAS Number: 110-54-3 EC Number: 203-777-6) market report includes the following parts according to the level:
Oil exploitation
Pharmaceutical
Industrial
Overview of the key hexane markets according to the study area:
North America
Latin America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Middle East and Africa (MEA)

3:12 PM Wednesday, March 9, 2022
Today, n-Pentane, Isopentane and Pentane Foaming Agent products rose at the same time, with an increase range of 0.43% to 0.55%. Among them, Pentane Blends with high content portion of isopentane increased the most, with an increase of 0.55%.
The price of n-Hexane products also rose collectively, ranging from 0.81% to 1.08%. The price of n-Hexane products has always been very stable. In view of the rise in the price of raw materials in the market, it also led to the rise in the price of Hexane series products.
The price of n-Heptane products has not changed today, and the prices of Cyclopentane, Sodium Methoxide Solution and Sodium Methoxide Powder have not changed.

 

• n-Pentane is unique among hydrocarbon solvents in that it has a high concentration of a single component. Our n-Pentane has a consistent composition and very high purity, containing a minimum of 95% of n-Pentane isomer. Carefully controlled production conditions also results in very low levels of aromatics and other impurities.
• neo-Pentane is a double-branched chain that is also called 2,2-dimethylpropane. At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, it acts as a flammable gas that can be condensed on a highly cold day, or in ice baths, or when compressed at the lowest temperature and highest pressures, into an extremely volatile liquid.
• 
  

  Heptane

  Straight-Chain Alkane

  Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H₃C(CH₂)₅CH₃ or C₇H₁₆, and is one of the main components of gasoline. 
  When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale. Octane number equates 
  to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and isooctane which is expressed as the percentage of isooctane in heptane and 
  is listed on pumps for gasoline dispensed globally.

  • Density: 0.68 g/cm³

  • Boiling point: 209.16°F (98.42°C)
  • Chemical formula: C7H16
  • Average Molar mass: 100.21 g/mol
    JPG is your source for Heptane. With the largest manufacturing base in China, our private fleet, our team of technical experts, and our professional service,
    we are here to fulfill your Heptane needs when and where you need it. Applications Adhesives and coatings Cleaners Pharmaceuticals
    Vegetable extraction Tire and rubber manufacturing
    

• 
  

  Cyclopentane

  Highly Flammable Alicyclic Hydrocarbon

  Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C₅H₁₀ and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It occurs as a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its melting point is −94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.

  • Chemical formula: C5H10
  • Boiling point: 120.20°F (49°C)
  • Density: 0.75 g/cm³
  • Average Molar mass: 70.10 g/mol

    HS CODE: 2902199090. Country of origin: Dongying, China. Annual output: 50,000 tons. Contact now MSDS TDS/COA. Cyclopentane Applications. Cyclopentane is used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubber adhesives and also as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam.
    

• Blends of iso-Pentane are fairly stable and have a insulation performance that can come close to foams made with Cyclopentane over time. The ternary Pentane blends show a good overall performance. Dimensional stability and heat conductivity is always good or very good, also after ageing the foam. Blowing agent. Blowing agent plays a fundamental role in the production of polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulations foam. A small quantity of blowing agent indirectly provides important performance characteristics to these foams as great thermal insulation properties. Pentane
  
• Hexane is a solvent widely used as an industrial cleaner and degreaser and is an ingredient in many consumer products. Hexane is used to extract edible oils from seeds and vegetables, as a special-use solvent, and as a cleaning agent. Hexane is used for extraction because it evaporates quickly and will boil at 156° F.

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.