Tag Hexane

I. Isopentane

Today, the price of isopentane with 95% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,106.14 per ton(not in drums, price to be negotiated); the price of isopentane with 99% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,231.51 per ton(not in drums, price to be negotiated).

II. Pentane Mixture

Today, the price of the pentane mixture (assuming a composition similar to that of isopentane for pricing purposes) is approximatelyUSD 1,113.37 per ton.

III. Food-Grade n-Hexane

Today, the price of food-grade n-hexane with 60% and 80% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,113.37 per ton; the price of 99% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,375.68 per ton. If customers have strict requirements for aromatic hydrocarbon content (less than 10ppm), an additional fee will be charged.

IV. n-Heptane

Today, the price of n-heptane is approximatelyUSD 2,346.23 per ton. If drums are selected, an additional drumming fee will be charged (specific amount to be negotiated). If customers have strict requirements for aromatic hydrocarbon content (less than 10ppm), the price will also increase.

V. High-Purity Isobutane

Today, the price of high-purity isobutane is approximatelyUSD 1,005.97 per ton(price to be negotiated).

VI. Industrial Hexane and Cyclopentane

Today, the ex-factory price of industrial hexane is approximatelyUSD 1,744.41 per ton(drumming fee and drum cost extra); the price of cyclopentane is approximatelyUSD 1,976.12 per ton.

Exchange Rate Note: The above prices have been converted based on the real-time exchange rate of 7.2497 Chinese yuan to US dollars on February 4, 2025. Customers are advised to confirm the prices with the supplier before making any transactions, as market conditions and exchange rate fluctuations may affect the final prices.

I. Isopentane

Today, the price of isopentane with 95% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,106.14 per ton(not in drums, price to be negotiated); the price of isopentane with 99% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,231.51 per ton(not in drums, price to be negotiated).

II. Pentane Mixture

Today, the price of the pentane mixture (assuming a composition similar to that of isopentane for pricing purposes) is approximatelyUSD 1,113.37 per ton.

III. Food-Grade n-Hexane

Today, the price of food-grade n-hexane with 60% and 80% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,113.37 per ton; the price of 99% purity is approximatelyUSD 1,375.68 per ton. If customers have strict requirements for aromatic hydrocarbon content (less than 10ppm), an additional fee will be charged.

IV. n-Heptane

Today, the price of n-heptane is approximatelyUSD 2,346.23 per ton. If drums are selected, an additional drumming fee will be charged (specific amount to be negotiated). If customers have strict requirements for aromatic hydrocarbon content (less than 10ppm), the price will also increase.

V. High-Purity Isobutane

Today, the price of high-purity isobutane is approximatelyUSD 1,005.97 per ton(price to be negotiated).

VI. Industrial Hexane and Cyclopentane

Today, the ex-factory price of industrial hexane is approximatelyUSD 1,744.41 per ton(drumming fee and drum cost extra); the price of cyclopentane is approximatelyUSD 1,976.12 per ton.

Exchange Rate Note: The above prices have been converted based on the real-time exchange rate of 7.2497 Chinese yuan to US dollars on February 4, 2025. Customers are advised to confirm the prices with the supplier before making any transactions, as market conditions and exchange rate fluctuations may affect the final prices.

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HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography, is a widely used technique for separating and analyzing different components of a mixture. HPLC is often used in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food industries, as well as in research laboratories. HPLC requires a solvent, which is a liquid that dissolves the mixture and carries it through the system. The solvent plays an important role in the efficiency and accuracy of HPLC, as well as in the safety and environmental impact of the process.

One of the most common solvents used in HPLC is n-hexane, which is a simple hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. n-Hexane has some advantages as a solvent, such as low cost, low polarity, and high volatility. However, n-hexane also has some serious drawbacks, such as high toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards. Exposure to n-hexane can cause nerve damage, respiratory problems, skin irritation, and even cancer. n-Hexane is also highly flammable and can cause fires and explosions. Moreover, n-hexane is not biodegradable and can contaminate soil and water sources.

To overcome these problems, some researchers and manufacturers have developed alternative solvents that are safer and cleaner than n-hexane. One of these alternatives is isohexane, which is a structural isomer of n-hexane. This means that isohexane has the same molecular formula as n-hexane, but a different arrangement of atoms. Isohexane has five carbon atoms in a straight chain and one carbon atom attached to the middle carbon atom, forming a branch. This slight difference in structure makes isohexane much less toxic, less flammable, and more biodegradable than n-hexane.

Isohexane has been shown to be an effective solvent for HPLC, as it has similar properties to n-hexane, such as low polarity and high volatility. Isohexane can dissolve and separate a wide range of compounds, such as fatty acids, steroids, and pesticides. Isohexane can also be mixed with other solvents, such as ethanol, to adjust the polarity and selectivity of the solvent. Isohexane has been used in HPLC for various applications, such as analyzing herbal medicines, essential oils, and biodiesel.

One of the leading manufacturers of isohexane is Junyuan Petroleum Group, a Chinese company that specializes in producing high-quality solvents and chemicals. Junyuan Petroleum Group has an ISO certified manufacturing facility with a well-equipped laboratory to maintain global quality standards. Junyuan Petroleum Group offers isohexane with a purity of 99% and a low content of n-hexane (<5%). Junyuan Petroleum Group also provides customized services and products to meet the specific needs of customers.

Isohexane is a cleaner and safer solvent for HPLC, as it reduces the health and environmental risks associated with n-hexane. Isohexane is also a versatile and efficient solvent that can be used for various HPLC applications. Isohexane is a promising alternative to n-hexane that can improve the quality and safety of HPLC.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are widely used as fuels, solvents, and raw materials. In this article, we will explain how to calculate how much hydrocarbon you can fit in a 200-liter steel drum, using four examples: n-pentane, n-heptane, cyclopentane, and isohexane. We will use their densities and a safety filling factor of 95% to account for possible expansion or contraction due to temperature or pressure changes.

Keywords: hydrocarbons, density, net weight, safety filling factor, steel drum

Text:

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They have different shapes and sizes, which affect their physical and chemical properties. Some hydrocarbons are straight chains, such as n-pentane and n-heptane. Some are rings, such as cyclopentane. Some have branches, such as isohexane. These hydrocarbons are widely used as fuels, solvents, and raw materials for various industries.

But how much hydrocarbon can you fit in a 200-liter steel drum? This is an important question for storing and transporting hydrocarbons safely and efficiently. To answer this question, we need to know two things: the density and the safety filling factor of the hydrocarbon.

The density of a substance is the mass per unit volume. It is usually expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or kilograms per liter (kg/L). The density of a hydrocarbon depends on its molecular structure, temperature, and pressure. For this article, we will use the density values at 20°C and 1 atm, which are available from various sources¹²³⁴.

The safety filling factor is the percentage of the drum volume that can be safely filled with the hydrocarbon. We cannot fill the drum completely, because the hydrocarbon may expand or contract due to temperature or pressure changes. This could cause the drum to leak or burst, which could be dangerous and wasteful. Therefore, we need to leave some empty space in the drum to allow for possible expansion or contraction. For this article, we will use a safety filling factor of 95%, which means that we will fill the drum with 95% of its volume.

The net weight of a hydrocarbon in a drum is the mass of the hydrocarbon that fills the drum. To calculate the net weight, we need to multiply the volume of the drum by the density of the hydrocarbon and by the safety filling factor. The formula is:

$$W = V \times D \times F$$

where W is the net weight in kilograms (kg), V is the volume of the drum in liters (L), D is the density of the hydrocarbon in kilograms per liter (kg/L), and F is the safety filling factor as a decimal number (0.95).

The volume of a drum is the space that it occupies. It is usually expressed in liters (L) or cubic meters (m^3^). The volume of a drum depends on its shape and size. For this article, we will assume that the drum is cylindrical, with a height of 0.9 m and a diameter of 0.6 m. The volume of a cylindrical drum can be calculated by multiplying the area of the base by the height. The area of the base is the area of a circle, which can be calculated by multiplying pi (π) by the square of the radius. The radius is half of the diameter. Therefore, the volume of the drum is:

$$V = \pi r^2 h$$

$$V = \pi (0.3)^2 (0.9)$$

$$V = 0.254 m^3$$

$$V = 254 L$$

Now, we can calculate the net weight of each hydrocarbon in the drum, using the formula and the density values from the sources. The results are:

• The net weight of n-pentane in the drum is:

$$W = 254 \times 0.626 \times 0.95$$

$$W = 150.7 kg$$

• The net weight of n-heptane in the drum is:

$$W = 254 \times 0.679 \times 0.95$$

$$W = 164.1 kg$$

• The net weight of cyclopentane in the drum is:

$$W = 254 \times 0.746 \times 0.95$$

$$W = 180.1 kg$$

• The net weight of isohexane in the drum is:

$$W = 254 \times 0.659 \times 0.95$$

$$W = 159.1 kg$$

In conclusion, we have explained how to calculate how much hydrocarbon you can fit in a 200-liter steel drum, using four examples: n-pentane, n-heptane, cyclopentane, and isohexane. We have used their densities and a safety filling factor of 95% to account for possible expansion or contraction due to temperature or pressure changes. This article can help us understand how to store and transport hydrocarbons safely and efficiently.

Hexane is a colorless, flammable liquid that is widely used in organic synthesis, solvents, and fuels. It has the chemical formula C6H14, and it belongs to the class of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms. Hexane has five structural isomers, which are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. These are:

• n-Hexane: The straight-chain isomer, where all six carbon atoms are connected in a single chain. This is the most common form of hexane, and it is also the most toxic and volatile. It can cause nerve damage and respiratory problems if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
• 2-Methylpentane: The branched-chain isomer, where one of the carbon atoms is attached to three other carbon atoms, forming a branch. This isomer has slightly lower boiling and melting points than n-hexane, and it is less toxic and volatile.
• 3-Methylpentane: Another branched-chain isomer, where the branch is located at the third carbon atom from one end of the chain. This isomer has similar properties to 2-methylpentane, but it is slightly more symmetrical.
• 2,2-Dimethylbutane: The most branched isomer, where two of the carbon atoms are attached to four other carbon atoms, forming two branches. This isomer has the lowest boiling and melting points of all hexane isomers, and it is also the least toxic and volatile.
• 2,3-Dimethylbutane: The least symmetrical isomer, where the two branches are located at different positions on the chain. This isomer has intermediate properties between 2,2-dimethylbutane and 3-methylpentane.

Hexane is usually obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil, where it is separated from other hydrocarbons based on their boiling points. Hexane can also be produced from the hydrogenation of benzene, which is a cyclic hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and six double bonds.

Hexane has many applications in various industries, such as:

• Solvent: Hexane is a good solvent for dissolving fats, oils, waxes, and other non-polar substances. It is widely used in the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds, such as soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed. It is also used in the production of rubber, adhesives, paints, and varnishes.
• Fuel: Hexane is a component of gasoline, where it helps to increase the octane rating and reduce engine knocking. It is also used as a fuel additive, a fuel for camping stoves, and a propellant for aerosol cans.
• Organic synthesis: Hexane is a starting material for the synthesis of many organic compounds, such as hexanol, hexanoic acid, hexylamine, and cyclohexane. It is also used as a reaction medium, a catalyst carrier, and a purification agent.

Hexane has a CAS number of 110-54-3, which is a unique identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance. The CAS number consists of three parts: a registry number, a hyphen, and a check digit. The registry number is a sequential number that indicates the order of registration, the hyphen is a separator, and the check digit is a single digit that is calculated from the registry number to ensure its validity. The CAS number helps to avoid confusion and ambiguity among different names, synonyms, and formulas of chemical substances.

Hexane is an important and versatile chemical substance, but it also poses some health and environmental risks. Therefore, it is essential to handle it with care and follow the safety precautions and regulations when using it.