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Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a widely used material for insulation, construction, and packaging applications. However, RPUF has some drawbacks, such as high flammability, low thermal stability, and environmental issues. To overcome these problems, researchers have explored the use of isoamyl and cyclopentane blends as blowing agents for RPUF. Blowing agents are substances that create gas bubbles in the foam, affecting its density, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties. Isoamyl and cyclopentane are both hydrocarbons that have low ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), making them more eco-friendly than conventional blowing agents. Moreover, they can improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of RPUF. This article introduces the basic concepts of RPUF and blowing agents, and reviews the recent studies on the effects of isoamyl and cyclopentane blends on the properties and performance of RPUF.

Keywords: rigid polyurethane foam, blowing agent, isoamyl, cyclopentane, thermal conductivity, flame retardancy

Abstract:

Pipeline insulation is a technique that aims to reduce the heat loss and prevent the freezing of fluids in pipelines. Pipeline insulation is widely used in various industries, such as oil and gas, chemical, power, and water supply. Pipeline insulation can improve the energy efficiency, safety, and reliability of the pipeline system.

One of the main materials used for pipeline insulation is polyurethane foam (PUF), which is a type of thermosetting polymer that has excellent thermal and mechanical properties. PUF is formed by the reaction of polyol and isocyanate, which are mixed with a blowing agent that creates bubbles in the foam. The blowing agent determines the density, thermal conductivity, and environmental impact of the PUF.

Cyclopentane is a hydrocarbon that has been widely used as a blowing agent for PUF in recent years. Cyclopentane has many advantages over other blowing agents, such as low ozone depletion potential (ODP), low global warming potential (GWP), high solubility in polyol, and low cost. Cyclopentane can also enhance the flame retardancy and aging resistance of the PUF.

In this article, we will introduce the principle and process of pipeline insulation, the properties and advantages of cyclopentane as a blowing agent, and the challenges and solutions of using cyclopentane in pipeline insulation. We will also review the current status and future prospects of cyclopentane in pipeline insulation.

Keywords: pipeline insulation, polyurethane foam, cyclopentane, blowing agent, energy efficiency

As a leading chemical company, at Junyuan Petroleum Group we are committed to providing high-quality and innovative products to our customers around the world. However, delivering chemical samples to different countries and regions is not a simple task. It requires careful planning and execution, as well as compliance with various laws and regulations. To ensure the safety and legality of our sample shipments, we follow these steps: – We identify the type and hazard level of our chemical samples, and whether they need any special permits or certificates. – We choose the appropriate shipping service and mode of transportation, such as air, land or sea, that meet the international or domestic transport rules. – We use proper packaging materials and labels, to prevent leakage, damage or mishandling of our samples. – We fill out complete and accurate shipping documents, including the information of the recipient and the sender, as well as the name, quantity, hazard level and other relevant information of our samples. – We hand over the shipping documents and samples to the shipping service provider, pay the corresponding fees, and track the shipping status. By following these steps, we can ensure that our samples reach our customers in a timely and efficient manner, and that we maintain our reputation as a reliable and trustworthy partner. We are always ready to serve our customers with our best products and services. Some of our most popular products are n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, Blowing Agents, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Butane and Isobutane. These products are widely used in the production of insulation materials, such as Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) foams. They have different properties and advantages, depending on the application and the desired insulation performance¹². For example, Cyclopentane offers an extremely high and lasting insulating effect, as it remains partially in the cells of PU and PIR foams after foaming¹. N-Pentane and Iso-Pentane have a lower insulating effect than Cyclopentane, but they are more stable and the individual cells are firmer and finer². Blowing Agents are mixtures of different Pentanes, which can optimize the costs and foam properties¹. We test these products in our state-of-the-art laboratories, to ensure their quality and safety. We also customize the products according to the specific needs and preferences of our customers. For example, we can adjust the purity, viscosity, boiling point, and flash point of the products, to suit different applications and climates. The typical amount of samples that our customers request is around 250 milliliters, but this may vary depending on the product and the customer’s requirements. We always try to accommodate the requests of our customers, as long as they are reasonable and legal. We also provide technical support and guidance, to help our customers use our products effectively and efficiently.

Source:
(1) Which Pentanes are suitable for the production of insulating materials?
(2) Which Pentane Blowing Agent is Best for Your Application?
(3) Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the …. https://junyuanpetroleumgroup.com/chemical-manufacturer-supplier-distributor/cyclopentane-as-a-blowing-agent-in-polyurethane-pu-foams-is-the-most-important-raw-material-for-high-performance-insulation-in-refrigerators/.
(4) N-Heptane Vs N-Pentane

n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane are all saturated hydrocarbons that have five carbon atoms. They have different molecular structures and physical properties, which make them suitable for different uses. Some of the common applications for these Pentane isomers are:

• Blowing agents for insulation materials: Pentanes are the foaming agent of choice for producing Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) insulation boards. They have a high performance and sustainability, as they do not deplete the ozone layer or contribute to global warming. Cyclopentane has the best insulating effect, while n-Pentane and Isopentane have more stable and finer foam cells².
• Refrigerants: n-Pentane can be used as a refrigerant in air conditioning or refrigeration systems, as an alternative to ammonia or fluorinated hydrocarbons. It has a low boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporization, which means it can absorb a lot of heat when it changes from liquid to gas¹.
• Non-polar solvents: Pentanes are almost insoluble in water, but show very good solubility or unlimited miscibility with many organic solvents such as paraffins, ethers, esters, aromatics or chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are also very volatile, which means they evaporate quickly and leave no residue. Therefore, they are suitable for cleaning in the aerospace, automobile, electronic, and defense manufacturing industries¹⁵.
• Process media for polyethylene and polypropylene: Pentanes can be used as process media for the production of polyethylene (PE, LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP), which are widely used plastics. Pentanes help to control the molecular weight, branching and crystallinity of the polymers, which affect their mechanical and thermal properties¹.

These are some of the main applications for n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane. I hope this overview is helpful for you.

n-Hexane is an important chemical raw material and solvent, which is widely used in medicine, chemical analysis and chemical production industries. At the same time, it is also an organic solvent commonly used in chromatographic analysis. I wonder if you have noticed that the purity of n-Hexane marked on many chromatographic grade n-Hexane labels is greater than 95%? What is the remaining 5%? Will it affect our experimental results?

Now let’s use the experiment to find out for you.

Another indicator of n-Hexane reagent is the content of hexane containing isomers. Generally, this indicator is greater than 99%. It can be seen that the impurity source in n-Hexane may be mainly hexane isomers.

Firstly, several Hexane isomers were separated by preparing hexane isomer mixed standard. Weigh a certain amount of n-Hexane, 2-METHYLPENTANE, 3-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and 2,2-dimethylbutane to prepare isomer mixed standard. The separation results are shown in the chromatogram of Figure 1:

It can be seen from the chromatogram that the main isomer impurities in HPLC grade n-Hexane are 3-methylpentane and a small amount of 2-METHYLPENTANE, and the other non isomer impurities are C7 and cycloalkanes (the peak time is after 7min), i.e. 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and METHYLCYCLOPENTANE. According to the preparation process of n-Hexane, the boiling points of the main impurities methyl cyclopentane and 3-methylpentane are 71.8 ° C and 63.3 ° C. they are close to that of n-Hexane. It is difficult to separate them from the main component n-Hexane in the production process, so they become impurities and remain in n-Hexane reagent.

It is determined that n-Hexane impurities are hexane isomers. Will these impurities affect the experimental results? For liquid phase test, improper solvent selection will produce baseline instability or “pseudo peak”. HPLC grade reagent is a kind of solvent with the least particles and the lowest UV absorption produced by special methods, in which the UV absorption of solvent is a more concerned index. Therefore, we further tested the UV transmittance t (%) of HPLC grade n-Hexane at different wavelengths.

At the wavelength of 220 ~ 400 nm, the transmittance of HPLC n-Hexane is more than 80%, and the transmittance is close to 100% at 280 ~ 400 nm. It can be seen that the isomer impurities in HPLC n-Hexane basically will not affect the UV absorption.

Therefore, although the content of n-Hexane in chromatographic grade n-Hexane reagent is greater than 95%, the isomer impurities in it will not affect the test. As long as the UV absorption value of n-Hexane reagent meets the requirements, it can be used safely.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a leading manufacturer of basic and intermediate chemicals for solvents ,foam blowing agent and refrigerant.
Foaming agents, also known as blowing agents, can reduce the surface tension of the liquid and produce a large amount of uniform and stable foam by mixing with pressurized air. Ingredients of a foaming agent include surfactants, foam stabilizers, and so on.

Among the many foam blowing agent manufacturers in the world, Junyuan Petroleum Group has stood out in the global blowing agent market competition after 15 years of development and stands at the top of the world in the production field of blowing agent. Junyuan Petroleum Group is a blowing agent manufacturer with the most advanced technology in the world. With the continuous expansion of the application scope of blowing agent, the market demand for foaming agent has also expanded accordingly. Junyuan petroleum group seizes the development opportunity and adopts the world’s most advanced foaming agent production technology to produce diversified products: Blowing agent, n-Pentane/Isopentane foam Blowing agent, Cyclopentane/Isopentane foam blowing agent and other different types of pentane foaming agents. Junyuan Petroleum Group has a complete range of pentane foaming agent products to provide customers with a variety of choices. With a production team of more than 500 employees, it produces pentane foam blowing agent 24 hours a day, realizing the “Four Modernizations” of large-scale, bulk, professional and standardized production.
As a Foam blowing agent manufacturer, Junyuan Petroleum Group has not only realized professional production, but also equipped with a professional logistics team. In order to realize zero fault transportation of Junyuan pentane foaming agent, Junyuan Petroleum Group has established Junyuan logistics company. Since its establishment 15 years ago, Junyuan Petroleum Group has always adhered to the principle of safety and efficiency, zero fault transportation for 15 consecutive years, and customer satisfaction has reached 100%.
100% Customer Satisfaction
After Sales Service Department is one of the divisions which belongs to Junyuan Petroleum Group. ASSD for Blowing Agent established since the beginning of Junyuan Petroleum Group. since 2006 and it has been included as a separate department in 2009. Many things must be done well in order to reach the highest levels of customer satisfaction. To this end, Junyuan Petroleum Group provides outstanding customer service, expert technical support, industry leading turnaround times, and the agility to respond to our customer’s changing needs in Blowing Agent.