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HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography, is a widely used technique for separating and analyzing different components of a mixture. HPLC is often used in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food industries, as well as in research laboratories. HPLC requires a solvent, which is a liquid that dissolves the mixture and carries it through the system. The solvent plays an important role in the efficiency and accuracy of HPLC, as well as in the safety and environmental impact of the process.

One of the most common solvents used in HPLC is n-hexane, which is a simple hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. n-Hexane has some advantages as a solvent, such as low cost, low polarity, and high volatility. However, n-hexane also has some serious drawbacks, such as high toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards. Exposure to n-hexane can cause nerve damage, respiratory problems, skin irritation, and even cancer. n-Hexane is also highly flammable and can cause fires and explosions. Moreover, n-hexane is not biodegradable and can contaminate soil and water sources.

To overcome these problems, some researchers and manufacturers have developed alternative solvents that are safer and cleaner than n-hexane. One of these alternatives is isohexane, which is a structural isomer of n-hexane. This means that isohexane has the same molecular formula as n-hexane, but a different arrangement of atoms. Isohexane has five carbon atoms in a straight chain and one carbon atom attached to the middle carbon atom, forming a branch. This slight difference in structure makes isohexane much less toxic, less flammable, and more biodegradable than n-hexane.

Isohexane has been shown to be an effective solvent for HPLC, as it has similar properties to n-hexane, such as low polarity and high volatility. Isohexane can dissolve and separate a wide range of compounds, such as fatty acids, steroids, and pesticides. Isohexane can also be mixed with other solvents, such as ethanol, to adjust the polarity and selectivity of the solvent. Isohexane has been used in HPLC for various applications, such as analyzing herbal medicines, essential oils, and biodiesel.

One of the leading manufacturers of isohexane is Junyuan Petroleum Group, a Chinese company that specializes in producing high-quality solvents and chemicals. Junyuan Petroleum Group has an ISO certified manufacturing facility with a well-equipped laboratory to maintain global quality standards. Junyuan Petroleum Group offers isohexane with a purity of 99% and a low content of n-hexane (<5%). Junyuan Petroleum Group also provides customized services and products to meet the specific needs of customers.

Isohexane is a cleaner and safer solvent for HPLC, as it reduces the health and environmental risks associated with n-hexane. Isohexane is also a versatile and efficient solvent that can be used for various HPLC applications. Isohexane is a promising alternative to n-hexane that can improve the quality and safety of HPLC.

Abstract: Heptane is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C7H16. It is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid that is widely used as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Pharmaceutical-grade heptane is a high-purity heptane that meets the standards of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). It is mainly used as a solvent for the extraction, purification, and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This article introduces the production process of pharmaceutical-grade heptane and its applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: heptane, pharmaceutical-grade, solvent, extraction, purification, crystallization, API

Article:

Heptane is one of the simplest alkanes, a class of hydrocarbons that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. It has seven carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms, arranged in a straight chain or a branched structure. There are nine possible isomers of heptane, which differ in the way the carbon atoms are connected. The most common isomer is n-heptane, which has a straight-chain structure. Other isomers include isoheptane, methylhexane, dimethylpentane, and ethylpentane.

Heptane can be obtained from natural sources, such as crude oil and natural gas, or from synthetic sources, such as the catalytic cracking of petroleum or the Fischer-Tropsch process. Heptane is usually separated from other hydrocarbons by fractional distillation, a process that exploits the different boiling points of the components. Heptane has a boiling point of about 98°C, which is lower than that of octane (125°C) and higher than that of hexane (69°C).

Heptane has many industrial uses, such as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, heptane can dissolve or extract various organic compounds, such as fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, and plastics. As a fuel, heptane can be blended with other hydrocarbons to produce gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel. As a chemical intermediate, heptane can be used to synthesize other organic compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids.

Pharmaceutical-grade heptane is a special type of heptane that has a high purity and meets the specifications of the USP and the EP. These specifications include the limits of impurities, such as water, sulfur, aromatics, olefins, and other hydrocarbons. Pharmaceutical-grade heptane also has to pass certain tests, such as the assay, the density, the refractive index, the acidity, the peroxide value, and the residue on evaporation.

Pharmaceutical-grade heptane is mainly used as a solvent for the extraction, purification, and crystallization of APIs. APIs are the substances that are responsible for the therapeutic effects of drugs. They can be derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, or microorganisms, or from synthetic sources, such as chemical synthesis or biotechnology. APIs have to be isolated and purified from the raw materials or the reaction mixtures, and then crystallized into solid forms that have the desired properties, such as purity, stability, solubility, bioavailability, and polymorphism.

Heptane is a suitable solvent for these processes because it has a low polarity, a low toxicity, a high volatility, and a good compatibility with other solvents. Heptane can dissolve or extract the APIs from the impurities, such as water, salts, sugars, proteins, and other organic compounds. Heptane can also be used to recrystallize the APIs by changing the temperature, the concentration, or the addition of other solvents. Heptane can be easily removed from the APIs by evaporation, filtration, or centrifugation, leaving behind a dry and pure solid.

Some examples of APIs that are extracted, purified, or crystallized with heptane are:

• Aspirin, an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug that is synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Heptane is used to wash and dry the crude aspirin crystals, and then to recrystallize them with ethanol.
• Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug that is synthesized from isobutylbenzene and propionic acid. Heptane is used to extract the ibuprofen from the reaction mixture, and then to recrystallize it with ethanol or acetone.
• Paracetamol, an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is synthesized from phenol and acetic anhydride. Heptane is used to extract the paracetamol from the reaction mixture, and then to recrystallize it with water or ethanol.
• Caffeine, a stimulant and diuretic drug that is derived from coffee beans or tea leaves. Heptane is used to extract the caffeine from the raw materials, and then to recrystallize it with water or ethanol.

Pharmaceutical-grade heptane is an important solvent for the production of APIs, as it can ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drugs. However, heptane also has some drawbacks, such as its flammability, its environmental impact, and its potential health hazards. Therefore, heptane has to be handled with care and disposed of properly, following the regulations and guidelines of the authorities and the industry.

The Price of n-Hexane in the Chinese Market Today- March 07, 2023
Market Price: CNY/MT
n-Hexane Purity: 60%
Currency: CNY
Mainstream Price: 9,400
Highest Price: 9,500
Lowest Price 9,300
Average Price This Week: ▼9,400
Change Value : ▼-300
Change: ▼-3.09%
Average Price This Month: ▼9,625
Change Value: ▼-25%
Change: ▼-0.26%
Data Date: 03/07/2023

US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
US Dollar to Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate is at a current level of 6.910, up from 6.865 the previous market day and up from 6.317 one year ago.

Chemistry Table
CAS Number: 110-54-3
Molecular Formula: C6H14
Formula Weight: 86.18
Synonyms: n-Hexane, Hexyl hydride, Skellysolve B, Gettysolve-B, Hexan, Hexanes, Dipropyl, Normal hexane, n-Hexan
Grade: High Purity Grade
Percent Purity: 60-99%
Chemical Name or Material: Hexane
UN Number: 1208
Solubility Information: Miscible with alcohol,chloroform,acetone and ether.
Formula Weight: 86.18
Density: 0.659
Boiling Point: 69°C
Quantity: 50 mL
Flash Point: −23°C (−9°F)
Odor: Weak, Characteristic
Packaging Type: ISO Tank/Steel Drum
Payment Terms: T/T, L/C
Manufacturer: Junyuan Petroleum Group
Description
n-Hexane is used as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops. Commercial grades of hexane are used as solvents for glues, varnishes, and inks, cleaning agent (degreaser) in the printing industry, liquid in low temperature thermometers. Other uses are as fuels and fuel additives, intermediates and laboratory chemicals.
Applications
n-Hexane is used as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops. Commercial grades of hexane are used as solvents for glues, varnishes, and inks, cleaning agent (degreaser) in the printing industry, liquid in low temperature thermometers. Other uses are as fuels and fuel additives, intermediates and laboratory chemicals.
Solubility
Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, acetone and ether.
Notes
Incompatible with dinitrogen tetraoxide. Store in a cool and dry environment.

As the one of the largest manufacturer of specialty solvents, Junyuan Petroleum Group is equipped to handle chemicals shipping in any required form, including bulk, steel drums, containers, ISO tank containers. With exclusive rates from many of the worlds major shipping lines and ISO tank owners, we are able to provide competitive and reliable deliveries of solvents and chemicals on CFR and CIF terms.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is committed to being a premier solvent manufacturer of pentanes, hexanes, heptanes and butanes to our customers. If you would like to know more about a product or technology, or how we can help you be more successful, please contact us. Your inquiry is important to us, email us at info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com to request technical information and documentation about particular products, ask questions, or receive a catalog.