Tag Heptane

PENTANE: WHAT IS IT AND HOW DO WE USE IT?

​Pentane is an organic substance. It can be used to describe any 3 structural isomers or their combination. But, according to IUPAC, this phrase is exclusive to the n-pentane isomer. We also differentiate neopentane or dimethylpropane as well as isopentane or methylbutane.

​Pentanes are commonly used for fuels, but they can also be utilized as solvents in labs. The substance carries similar traits as hexanes and butanes.

Pentanes are generally used for insulation products. However, you can utilize them in so many different ways. Whether you’re relying on n-pentane, cyclopentane, or iso-pentane, each one of the chemical compounds can serve as the main ingredient for various products. In this article, we will discuss pentane, in general, as well as its potential application.

What is the nomenclature of alkanes?

Three isomers of pentane are called n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane. 2. The name of alkyl. The monovalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane molecule is called alkyl. The name of alkyl is named by the corresponding alkane.
Comparison of boiling points of n-pentane — isopentane (boiling point 28 ° C) and neopentane (boiling point 10 ° C). In Alkane Isomers, the more branched chains, the lower the boiling point;

HOW DO WE GET PENTANES?
Pentanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Each one of them has five carbon atoms. We get n-pentane and iso-pentane naturally from crude oil.

They are made during gas production as natural byproducts. On the other hand, cyclopentane is found in naphtha or crude petrol. It is a molecule in the shape of a ring, and it is very popular across several industries. Oil refineries create cyclopentane through the cracking process.

Naphtha has variable quantities of pentanes. It all depends on its origin, the acquiring process, and the construction of the refinery.

They are the first hydrocarbons to become liquids at room temperature. Out of these substances, iso-pentane has the lowest boiling point.

The substance will boil at 29 degrees Celsius compared to n-pentane, which boils at 35 degrees, and cyclopentane that has a boiling point of 49 degrees Celsius. Due to these differences between pentanes’ boiling points, you are able to separate the substances.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PENTANE TYPES?
As you can presume, there are some major differences between these substances aside from their boiling points. Companies use them in numerous ways, and they have some major advantages over other crude oil derivatives. What’s even better is that you can mix these chemicals. This is how we get pentane blends, each with its unique set of traits.

HOW DO YOU USE N-PENTANE?
Generally speaking, n-pentane and iso-pentane are somewhat similar substances. They react in a similar fashion when you use them for different products. Usually, n-pentane is utilized as a refrigeration or air conditioning substance, effectively replacing things such as fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia. Here are some of its potential uses:

Refrigerant R601
Very non-polar solvent
Process medium for polyethylene
HOW DO YOU USE ISO-PENTANE?
​A great thing about iso-pentane is that it almost cannot be dissolved in water. Furthermore, it has very soluble when used with other organic solvents like ethers, esters, paraffins, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, etc. Also, the substance has unlimited miscibility. This gives iso-pentane high versatility. Companies try to utilize their characteristics as much as possible for various products.

Non-polar solvent with high volatility
Personal care products like shower gels
It can be used as a process medium for polypropylene and polyethylene
Working medium in geothermal plants
HOW DO YOU USE CYCLOPENTANE?
While the previous two substances may have certain similarities, cyclopentane is completely different from both of them. It is not that popular as a solvent, nor is it used as an ingredient for other chemicals. But, it is a very common substance for insulation products.

It can be used for solvents and insulation board
Cyclopentane is great for refrigeration and refrigeration logistics
Blowing agent for polyurethane foams
Fine chemicals
DIFFERENT WAYS PENTANE IS USED ACROSS VARIOUS INDUSTRIES
Pentanes are very flexible products. Each one of these subtypes has a wide range of applications. Here is how different industries rely on them for their day-to-day business:

Geothermal plants
Pentanes are very important for renewable energy creation. Geothermal plants use iso-pentane as a medium during their crucial heating processes. Plants extract heat from the ground and use it for heating energy; iso-pentane is there to facilitate the process.

Cooling substance
Companies are also using pentanes as cooling agents. Whether we’re talking about iso-pentane or n-pentane, both of these chemical compounds can be utilized as cooling substances for air conditioning appliances and refrigeration systems. They are a much better alternative to fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia.

Cosmetics and care products
Pentanes are also very famous for their cosmetic industry application. They are a crucial ingredient for products like shower gels and shaving creams. Furthermore, these substances are the main reasons why personal care items have their specific, creamy texture.

Companies use pentanes for the production of polypropylene and polyethylene
Among others, companies use these substances to create polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene is the most popular plastic substance in the world. Nowadays, plants use ethylene to create these products. During its gas phase, liquid iso-pentane will be added to the gas stream. The substance works as a specific cooler. Once it is condensed, you can reuse it. We make polypropylene in a similar way as polyethylene, and once again, iso-pentane is added during the gas phase to facilitate the process.

Insulation materials
Pentanes are commonly used for the creation of polystyrene and polyurethane insulation boards. Companies use them as blowing agents during polyisocyanurate and polyurethane formulation. Insulation materials are very important for the food industry and household appliances. You can use them for freezers, refrigerators, and cold storage. They are also crucial for constructions and various others industries. For example, you can use them for building, pipes, and other materials.

Cyclopentane is great for long-lasting insulation. It is especially good for smaller surfaces and spaces due to its ability to stay within polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam for a long time, even after foaming. The pentane can be used for cooling devices and thin insulation panels.
​
Packaging material
Among others, pentanes are important for the creation of packaging material. Once again, pentane is utilized as a blowing agent. We use it to create extruded polystyrene, which is later on utilized for packaging chips.

Pentanes have numerous applications. As long as you use them with care, you should be able to create some incredible materials that can be utilized in various industries.

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts | Junyuan Petroleum Group,
Order & Inquiry. WhatApp Business: +86 178 1030 0898 E-mail: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com. Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Explosion at S.Korea Yeochun NCC plant in Yeosu kills four

SEOUL, Feb 11 (Reuters) – An explosion at South Korean petrochemical company Yeochun NCC’s (YNCC) plant in the city of Yeosu has killed four people and injured four, a Yeosu Fire Station official said on Friday.

Four people were killed and four injured in an explosion at the third plant of Lichuan NCC, a South Korean petrochemical raw material manufacturer. The third plant of Lichuan NCC can produce 470,000 tons of ethylene, 260,000 tons of propylene and 180,000 tons of mixed C4 every year.

Ethylene is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C₂H₄ or H₂C=CH₂. It is a colorless flammable gas with a faint “sweet and musky“ odor when pure. It is the simplest alkene.
Chemical formula: C2H4
Boiling point: -154.66°F (-103.70°C)
Average Molar mass: 28.05 g/mol
Melting point: -272.56°F (-169.20°C)
IUPAC ID: Ethene
Classification: Alkene
What is ethylene?
Ethylene is an industrial organic compound produced by heating either natural gas or petroleum to 900 °C.
What is the important function of ethylene in plants?
Ethylene acts as a plant growth regulator. It accelerates the development process in plants such as senescence, ripening, and abscission.

Propylene is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum like odor. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. For transportation it may be stenched. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. Any leak can either be liquid or vapor. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used to make other chemicals. Can cause explosion.
CAS Number: 115-07-1
UN/NA Number: 1077
NIOSH Pocket Guide: none
International Chem Safety Card: PROPYLENE

What is total hydrogenation of C4S and C5s?
Total hydrogenation of C4s or C4s and C5s from a steam cracker with recycle to the cracking heaters has been incorporated into more than half the new ethylene plants designed since 1990. Total hydrogenation and recycle of the C4s and C5s reduces fresh feed consumption in a naphtha cracker by 13 per cent and in a propane cracker by 7 per cent.

YNCC could not be immediately reached for comment.

YNCC’s third naphtha cracker in Yeosu, which the fire station official said was the site of the explosion, produces 470,000 tonnes per year (tpy) of ethylene.

YNCC’s first and second naphtha crackers in Yeosu produce 900,000 and about 920,000 tpy of ethylene each.

YNCC’s entire capacity is 2.29 million tpy, about 1.1% of global capacity, Samsung Securities analyst Cho Hyun-ryul said.

Officials look at the site of an explosion at the Yeosu Industrical Complex in Yeosu, South Jeolla on Friday. Four workers died and four others were injured. [YONHAP]

An explosion at a petrochemical plant in Yeosu, South Jeolla on Friday killed four workers and injured four more, according to the local fire department.
 
It was the second lethal petrochemical explosion at the Yeosu Industrial Complex in nine weeks.
 
The explosion happened at 9:26 a.m. at a naphtha cracker owned by Yeochun NCC in the Yeosu Industrial Complex. The fire department is investigating the exact cause of the accident.
 
Workers said the blast happened during a test run of a heat exchange system after it was cleaned. The explosion did not lead to a fire.

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts | Junyuan Petroleum Group,
Order & Inquiry. WhatApp Business: +86 178 1030 0898 E-mail: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com. Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

[Crude Oil Today]: worried about the interruption of oil and gas supply, WTI rose to the highest level since September 2008

Although the negotiation of the Iranian nuclear agreement is expected to reach an agreement, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has escalated, the West has imposed sanctions on Russia, and the market is worried about the interruption of crude oil supply. After the Russian army occupied the largest nuclear power plant in Europe, worried about the interruption of oil and gas supply, the international oil price soared, and WTI rose to the highest level since 2008. On Friday (March 4), the settlement price of West Texas light oil futures in April 2022 on the New York Mercantile futures exchange was US $115.68 per barrel, the highest settlement price since September 2008, up US $8.01 or 7.4% over the previous trading day, with a trading range of US $107.25-116.02; The settlement price of Brent crude oil futures in May 2022 on the London Intercontinental Exchange was US $118.11 per barrel, the highest settlement price since February 2013, up US $7.65 or 6.9% from the previous trading day, with a trading range of US $109.62-118.98.

Since Russia took military action against Ukraine on February 24 and the United States and some western countries imposed sanctions on Russia, the crude oil futures prices in Europe and the United States have soared by more than 20%. In the past week, the first month futures of light and low sulfur crude oil on the New York Mercantile Exchange hit the highest weekly US dollar increase in history, with a net increase of US $24.09 a week, or 26.3%; The average settlement price per barrel was 106.62 US dollars, 14.404 US dollars higher than the previous week. The highest settlement price was 115.68 US dollars per barrel and the lowest was 95.72 US dollars per barrel; The trading range is US $94.43-116.57 per barrel. London Intercontinental Exchange Brent crude oil futures for the first month recorded the largest weekly increase since January 1991, with a net increase of US $20.18 or 20.61%; The average settlement price per barrel was 109.49 US dollars, 12.28 US dollars higher than the previous week, with the highest settlement price of 118.11 US dollars per barrel and the lowest of 100.99 US dollars per barrel; The trading range is US $98.30-119.84 per barrel. Moody’s, a rating agency, warned on Friday that the Russian Ukrainian war was increasing the risks to the global economy and exacerbating inflationary pressures through rising prices of key commodities, including oil. “The escalation of military conflict will put Europe’s economic recovery at risk. With inflation already high, the rest of the world will be affected by commodity price shocks, as well as the financial impact of sanctions against Russia and fluctuations in financial markets,” Kelvin Dalrymple, a senior credit officer at Moody’s, said in a report on Friday The relevant parties to the comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue are “close” to reaching an agreement through negotiation. It is reported that the relevant ministerial meeting is about to be held. Iran is a member of OPEC that is not subject to production constraints. Once the export is liberalized, the oil market will increase by 1-2 million barrels of crude oil per day, which will offset the possible interruption of Russian crude oil.

In the spot market, traders wait and see. Due to the financial sanctions of the banking industry, Russian oil sales are difficult. It is difficult to clinch a deal even if it is far lower than the benchmark Brent crude oil price. On Thursday, standard & Poor’s group further lowered the spot evaluation price of Ural crude oil in the northwest European market by US $5.645 per barrel, US $27.87 lower than the spot evaluation price of Brent crude oil, the largest negative price difference in history. According to the analysis of standard & Poor’s global commodity watch, in other regions, due to the financial sanctions against Russia and the initiative of some traders and refiners to suspend the purchase of Russian oil, Russia’s crude oil supply to the global market may be reduced by 1 million to 2 million barrels a day this month. Saudi Arabia raised the official sales price of all kinds of crude oil in April, which also boosted the atmosphere of the oil futures market. Increased refining profits, tight crude oil supply and rising freight rates led traders to focus on the Middle East crude oil market.

Although crude oil futures rose to the highest level since 2008 after the escalation of the crisis in Ukraine, the number of online oil drilling in the United States still decreased. According to the data released by Baker Hughes, the oilfield service organization of General Electric Company, the number of oil wells drilled online in the United States was 519 in the week ended March 4, 3 less than the previous week; It was the first decline since January, an increase of 209 seats over the same period last year. The report shows that there is a reduction of one in the Ardmore Woodford basin; Arkoma Woodford basin is reduced by 1; Two more in Haynesville basin; One Permian Basin was added; There were 12 offshore platforms in the United States this week, the same as the previous week, down 2 from the same period last year. Baker Hughes data also showed that the number of natural gas wells drilled in the United States in the same period was 130, the highest since December 2019, an increase of 3 over the previous week; 38 more than the same period last year. Among them, there were 635 U.S. onshore oil and gas platforms, the same as the previous week, an increase of 246 over the same period last year. The total number of oil and gas drilling platforms in the United States was 650, the same as the previous week, an increase of 247 over the same period last year. Edward moyai, a senior analyst at OANDA, an investment platform, said, “although the oil price has been higher than $100 a barrel, the number of active oil well platforms in the United States has not increased rapidly, which means that we will see higher oil prices for the rest of this year.”

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, downstream, upstream, Analytics & Forecasts | Junyuan Petroleum Group
Order & Inquiry. WhatApp Business: +86 178 1030 0898 E-mail: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com. Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of EPE pearl cotton, EVA, sponge and EPS
（1） Pearl cotton
EPE (expandable polyethylene) is expandable polyethylene, also known as pearl cotton. The cross linked closed hole structure is made of low density polyethylene (LDPE) as the main material. It is made of low density polyethylene (PE) with numerous independent bubbles formed by physical foaming.
Strengths
1. EPE pearl cotton overcomes the defects of fragile, deformation and poor recovery of general styrofoam. It has many advantages, such as water-proof and moisture-proof, shockproof, sound insulation, heat preservation, good plasticity, strong tolerance, recycling, environmental protection, strong collision resistance and so on. It also has excellent chemical resistance.
2. There is no waste gas and waste water in the production process of EPE pearl cotton. The auxiliary material for producing pearl cotton is physical foaming without chemical reaction.
3. The waste EPE pearl cotton can be recycled and decomposed naturally, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free.
（2） EVA
EVA rubber and plastic products are new environmental protection plastic foaming materials, which are widely used in the packaging materials of mobile phones, computers, cosmetics, gifts, toys, speaker linings, TVs and lighting, lithium-ion batteries, automatic recorders and other products.
Strengths
1. EVA has outstanding advantages such as cushioning, earthquake resistance, heat insulation, moisture resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, and is non-toxic and non absorbent;
2. EVA has outstanding flexibility and elasticity. It can absorb and disperse external impact force through bending and achieve a series of excellent application characteristics such as cushioning.
defect
EVA is solid and a little heavy when it is too thick.
（3） Sponges
Sponges are mostly composed of polyisocyanates and polyols. The base reaction is the reaction between polyols and polyisocyanates to produce polyurethane. The commonly used spongy science is called polyurethane soft foaming rubber. Polyurethane is a common polymer material in the days.
Strengths
Sponge has outstanding properties of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, shock absorption, flame retardancy, anti-static, air permeability and so on.

Disadvantages
Sponge waste needs to be naturally absorbed for a long time. If the method of incineration is adopted to treat sponge waste, toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde will occur and pollute the environment.
(four) EPS (polystyrene foam)
Polystyrene foam (ExpandedPolystyrene referred to as EPS) is a light polymer. It uses polystyrene resin to take part in foaming agent, heating and softening, forming gas and forming a rigid closed cell structure.

Pentane is the most common expansion agent in EPS production. Low concentration of pentane can be trapped during production, inside the closed cells of EPS.

Strengths:
1. It has the characteristics of cushioning, insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation and anti vibration. Because of its extremely low thermal conductivity, it is widely used in thermal insulation materials.
2. the EPS plastic foam is moulds and moulds, and is suitable for mass production. The production efficiency is high and the cost is low.
Shortcomings:
1. EPS is brittle and easy to break, with poor bending resistance;
2. EPS is a simple form of granular foam in packaging.
3. EPS is not environmentally friendly.

What is the chemical resistance of expanded polystyrene?
Its physical properties do not change within its service temperature range (i.e. up to 167°F/75°C) for long term temperature exposure. Its chemical resistance is nearly equivalent to the material upon which it is based – polystyrene. EPS is 98% air and it is recyclable.

What is expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam?
What is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam? The word Styrofoam™ is often used to describe expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam; however, ‘Styrofoam’ is actually a trademarked term for closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam made for thermal insulation and craft applications. EPS foam is the correct term for any form of expanded polystyrene. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is produced from a mixture of about 90-95% polystyrene and 5-10% gaseous blowing agent, most commonly pentane.
The initial blowing agent employed is pentane which is the VOC that requires abatement. Typically, a blowing agent content of EPS beads is 3.5 to 6.5% of Pentane by weight.
EPS operation typically requires customized emission control systems to handle the high VOC concentrations that emanate from raw material, container opening, pre-expansion, aging, molding and storage processes of production.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is the largest n-Pentane manufacturer in China
Pentane is mainly used in molecular sieve desorption and replacing freon as foaming agent, as solvent, and in the manufacture of artificial ice, anesthetic, synthetic pentanol, isopentane, etc. Packaging in steel drums: 125kg/drum or 14.7 MT per ISO Tank
Buy Pentane (C5H12) Online Here Or By Phone If you have questions about ordering pentane (n-Pentane) online at Junyuanpetroleumgroup.com or would like to place an order, call +8617810300898 or email info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com to talk with a Pentane Specialist.