Tag DMDS

Transforming Catalyst Activation in Refineries with Safer Alternatives

Abstract: Sulfiding, the process of activating hydroprocessing catalysts in refineries, traditionally relied on dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). While effective, DMDS presents safety, handling, and environmental challenges. Di-tert-butyl polysulfide (DTBPS) emerges as a superior alternative, offering increased safety due to a higher flashpoint, a less offensive odor, nonregulated transportation, and reduced SOx emissions. Pilot studies confirm that DTBPS performs on par with DMDS while enabling quicker sulfiding at lower temperatures. Despite minor differences in sulfur content, DTBPS is endorsed by catalyst manufacturers as a safer, efficient, and environmentally favorable sulfiding agent.

Keywords: Sulfiding, hydroprocessing catalysts, DTBPS, DMDS, refinery safety, SOx emissions, catalyst activation.

This article explores the key factors in the sulfiding process of hydroprocessing catalysts and their impact on catalyst performance. By analyzing the types of sulfiding agents, sulfiding conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, time), and catalyst support properties, effective strategies for optimizing the sulfiding process are proposed. The article highlights Di-tert-butyl Polysulfide (DTBPS) as a novel sulfiding agent, which offers superior safety, lower odor, and easier transportation and storage compared to the traditional Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS). Laboratory and industrial-scale studies demonstrate that DTBPS performs equally to DMDS in terms of sulfiding efficiency and catalyst performance, while significantly reducing environmental risks and operational costs. The article concludes with future research directions, emphasizing the need for further advancements in sulfiding technology driven by both environmental and economic benefits.

Key Terms:

• Hydroprocessing catalysts
• Sulfiding process
• Di-tert-butyl Polysulfide (DTBPS)
• Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS)
• Catalyst performance
• Optimization strategies
• Industrial applications
• Environmental technology

Main Content

1. Importance of the Sulfiding Process

Hydroprocessing catalysts are widely used in refineries for hydrotreating, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking units. Initially, catalysts are in an inert/inactive state, with active metals in oxide form. Sulfiding activates the catalyst by reacting the active metals with hydrogen sulfide, which is typically generated in situ from sulfur in the feedstock or provided by a sulfiding agent.

2. Limitations of Traditional Sulfiding Agent DMDS

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) has been widely used as a sulfiding agent for many years, but it has several drawbacks:

• Safety Hazards: DMDS has a low flash point (16°C), posing fire risks during transportation, storage, and use.
• Odor Issues: DMDS has a strong, unpleasant odor, which can be a nuisance to workers and surrounding communities.
• Transportation Restrictions: Due to its low flash point, DMDS is subject to strict transportation regulations, potentially leading to additional demurrage charges.
• Environmental Emissions: The methane produced during DMDS decomposition dilutes hydrogen in the recycle gas, increasing sulfur dioxide (SOₓ) emissions.

3. Advantages of the New Sulfiding Agent DTBPS

Di-tert-butyl Polysulfide (DTBPS) is a novel sulfiding agent with the following advantages:

• Enhanced Safety: DTBPS has a high flash point (100°C), significantly reducing fire risks.
• Low Odor: DTBPS has a mild, diesel-like odor, making it more tolerable for workers and communities.
• Easier Transportation: Classified as non-hazardous, DTBPS offers greater flexibility in transportation and storage.
• Environmental Benefits: The isobutane byproduct from DTBPS decomposition does not dilute hydrogen in the recycle gas, reducing SOₓ emissions.

4. Pilot-Plant and Industrial Applications

Pilot-plant studies confirmed that DTBPS performs equally to DMDS in terms of sulfiding efficiency and catalyst performance. DTBPS decomposes at a lower temperature (160°C) compared to DMDS (200°C), allowing sulfiding to begin at lower catalyst bed temperatures. This reduces the risk of catalyst damage due to high-temperature reduction and shortens the sulfiding process time.

5. Limitations of DTBPS

DTBPS has a slightly lower sulfur content (56%) compared to DMDS (68%), requiring a slightly higher dosage to achieve the same sulfiding effect. However, this drawback is outweighed by its safety, environmental benefits, and operational convenience.

6. Industry Acceptance and Future Outlook

DTBPS has been tested and approved by major catalyst manufacturers worldwide as a safe and efficient alternative to DMDS. As environmental regulations become stricter, DTBPS is expected to gain broader adoption in the refining industry.

Tables and Figures

• Table 1: Comparison of DMDS and DTBPS Sulfiding Methods
• DTBPS:
• Low odor and high flashpoint (212°F/100°C): Safer to handle with reduced fire risk, allowing for nonregulated transport.
• Low decomposition temperature (320°F/160°C): Provides a better safety margin for catalyst reduction.
• Industry acceptance: Rapidly gaining global market share and approved by catalyst manufacturers.
• Efficiency: Sulfiding process completes in 1-2 hours, which is faster than DMDS.
• DMDS:
• Strong odor: Described as “decaying cabbage,” making it unpleasant for workers and communities.
• Low flashpoint (61°F/16°C): Requires Department of Transportation (DOT)-regulated transport and specialized handling.
• Moderate decomposition temperature (392°F/200°C): Standard for current industry processes.
• Industry standard: Widely recognized and approved, but the sulfiding process takes 18-36 hours, much longer compared to DTBPS.
• Table 2: Comparison of Chemical and Physical Properties of DMDS and DTBPS
• DTBPS is a safer and more efficient alternative to DMDS in catalyst sulfiding. It offers significant advantages such as:
• Safety: A higher flashpoint and lower decomposition temperature make it safer and reduce the risks of fire.
• Environmental Impact: DTBPS minimizes SOx emissions due to its byproduct (isobutane) and prevents hydrogen dilution in the recycle gas.
• Convenience: Nonregulated transportation simplifies logistics, while low odor improves workplace conditions.
• The trade-off for DTBPS is its lower sulfur content (56% vs. DMDS’s 68%), requiring slightly more volume to achieve equivalent sulfiding.
• Pilot studies confirm DTBPS matches DMDS in catalytic activity and delivers added benefits like shorter sulfiding times (1-2 hours vs. 18-36 hours). Globally, catalyst manufacturers recognize DTBPS as an effective alternative. Overall, DTBPS’s properties make it the preferred choice for safer, faster, and environmentally favorable refinery operations.
• Additional Insights: Hydrodesulfurization Efficiency of Catalysts Sulfided with DTBPS and DMDS
• Hydrocarbon Byproducts:
  • DMDS produces methane as its hydrocarbon byproduct during sulfiding. This methane tends to accumulate in the recycle gas stream, diluting hydrogen and lowering the hydrogen partial pressure. This often requires gas purging and hydrogen makeup, leading to SOx emissions and wasted resources.
  • In contrast, DBPS generates isobutane, which exits with liquid hydrocarbons from the high-pressure separator. This prevents hydrogen dilution and reduces SOx emissions, making it a more environmentally responsible choice.
• Operational Efficiency:
  • The lower decomposition temperature of DBPS (320°F/160°C) allows sulfiding to begin at a lower catalyst bed temperature, which reduces the risks associated with catalyst overheating (exotherms). This also shortens the sulfiding time, leading to cost savings by minimizing reactor downtime.
• Global Adoption:
  • Catalyst manufacturers worldwide endorse DBPS as a viable alternative to DMDS. Its ease of use, safety advantages, and comparable effectiveness make it a promising choice for refiners aiming to optimize operations.
• Minor Considerations:
  • The slightly lower sulfur content of DBPS (54% versus 68% for DMDS) requires a marginally higher volume of DBPS to achieve the same level of catalyst sulfiding. However, this minor inconvenience is outweighed by the safety, handling, and environmental benefits.
• Conclusion:
• DBPS stands out as a safer, more environmentally friendly, and efficient alternative to DMDS in the hydroprocessing catalyst sulfiding process. Its adoption reflects a move towards greener and more sustainable practices in the refining industry. While it does require a marginally larger dosage, the overall benefits—ranging from reduced SOx emissions to simplified handling—make it a compelling choice for modern refineries.

Conclusion

DTBPS, as a novel sulfiding agent, offers significant advantages in safety, environmental performance, and operational convenience, making it an ideal replacement for traditional DMDS. Despite its slightly lower sulfur content, its overall benefits make it the preferred choice for optimizing sulfiding processes in refineries.

By Junyuan Petroleum Group – The Leading Manufacturer of Di-tert-butyl Polysulfide in China

Abstract

Di-tert-butyl polysulfide (DTBPS) is revolutionizing the rubber and lubricant industries with its exceptional anti-wear, anti-oxidation, and vulcanization properties. As the world’s demand for high-performance additives grows, understanding the chemistry, synthesis, and industrial applications of DTBPS is crucial. In this article, we unveil how Junyuan Petroleum Group, China’s largest producer of DTBPS, is driving innovation and sustainability in this field.

Keywords:

Di-tert-butyl polysulfide, DTBPS, rubber vulcanization, lubricant additives, sulfur compounds, polysulfide synthesis, anti-wear agents, Junyuan Petroleum Group, industrial chemistry, sustainable lubricants

Why Is Di-tert-butyl Polysulfide (DTBPS) a Game-Changer?

Di-tert-butyl polysulfide (DTBPS) might not be a household name, but if you’ve ever used high-performance lubricants or durable rubber products, you’ve likely benefited from its powerful properties. This sulfur-rich compound plays a crucial role in enhancing the longevity and efficiency of industrial materials.

How Is DTBPS Synthesized?

The synthesis of DTBPS involves a simple yet highly efficient chemical reaction between tert-butyl mercaptan (t-BuSH) and sulfur (S) under alkaline conditions. The process can be broken down into three key steps:

1. Activation of tert-butyl mercaptan – In the presence of a base (such as sodium hydroxide), t-BuSH loses a proton, forming a reactive thiolate anion.

2. Reaction with sulfur – The thiolate anion reacts with elemental sulfur, leading to the formation of polysulfide chains.

3. Purification and Optimization – The final product is refined to achieve the desired sulfur chain length, optimizing its properties for industrial applications.

DTBPS in Lubricants: The Ultimate Anti-Wear Agent

Friction is the enemy of machinery. Traditional lubricants reduce wear to some extent, but with DTBPS-enhanced lubricants, the results are on another level. Here’s why:

• Anti-Wear Properties – DTBPS forms a protective sulfur film that significantly reduces metal-to-metal contact, preventing mechanical degradation.

• Thermal Stability – Unlike conventional sulfur additives, DTBPS remains effective even under extreme temperatures, making it ideal for aerospace, automotive, and heavy-duty industrial applications.

• Oxidation Resistance – It acts as a stabilizer, preventing oil from breaking down over time, which extends lubricant lifespan and reduces maintenance costs.

Revolutionizing the Rubber Industry with DTBPS

In the world of rubber manufacturing, sulfur cross-linking is essential for durability and elasticity. DTBPS is an advanced vulcanization agent that outperforms traditional sulfur additives. Benefits include:

• Faster Vulcanization – Speeds up the process, increasing production efficiency.

• Improved Flexibility – Creates stronger but more elastic rubber, ideal for tires, seals, and industrial belts.

• Better Aging Resistance – Rubber products last longer, reducing replacement frequency and waste.

Why Junyuan Petroleum Group Leads the DTBPS Market

Junyuan Petroleum Group has established itself as China’s largest and most reliable producer of Di-tert-butyl polysulfide. Here’s what sets us apart:

✅ Cutting-Edge Manufacturing – Advanced production facilities ensure the highest purity and efficiency of DTBPS.

✅ Global Supply Chain – We serve industries worldwide, from North America to Europe and Asia.

✅ Sustainability Commitment – Our green production processes minimize environmental impact, aligning with global sustainability goals.

✅ Custom Solutions – Tailored formulations meet the specific needs of lubricant and rubber manufacturers.

Final Thoughts: The Future of DTBPS

As industries push for more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly solutions, DTBPS is becoming an essential component in advanced materials. With Junyuan Petroleum Group leading the charge, the future of lubricants and rubber products is brighter than ever.

Want to elevate your industrial performance? Contact us today to learn more about high-quality DTBPS solutions!

Abstract:
Sulfiding, a crucial process in the refining and petrochemical industries, enhances the performance and lifespan of catalysts used in various processes such as hydrotreating. This article delves into the background of catalyst sulfiding, the sulfiding process itself, its advantages, and the specialized services offered by Junyuan Petroleum Group. By using sulfiding agents like dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), catalysts are transformed into their active metal sulfide forms under controlled conditions. The resulting catalysts exhibit higher activity and selectivity, boosting process efficiency and extending catalyst life. Junyuan Petroleum Group stands out with its professional team, comprehensive technical support, and commitment to safety and environmental protection. The application of sulfiding services spans multiple refining and petrochemical processes, highlighting its importance in the industry.

Keywords: Sulfiding services, catalysts, refining industry, petrochemical industry, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), catalyst performance, process efficiency, safety, environmental protection.

Article:

Sulfiding Services in Refining and Petrochemical Industries

In the refining and petrochemical industries, catalyst sulfiding plays a pivotal role in achieving optimal catalyst performance. This process is particularly significant for catalysts such as those used in hydrotreating, where they must undergo sulfiding to unlock their full potential.

1. Background of Catalyst Sulfiding

Catalyst sulfiding involves treating catalysts with sulfur compounds to convert them into active metal sulfides. This transformation typically occurs before the catalyst is put into service. Sulfiding agents commonly used include dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and other organic sulfur compounds. These agents are chosen for their effectiveness in generating the necessary sulfur species under the process conditions.

2. The Sulfiding Process

The sulfiding reaction involves the decomposition of the sulfiding agent at high temperatures, releasing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). This hydrogen sulfide then reacts with metal oxides in the catalyst, forming active metal sulfides. The sulfiding process is carried out under specific temperature, pressure, and hydrogen conditions to ensure complete sulfidation of the catalyst.

3. Advantages of Sulfiding Services

Sulfided catalysts offer several benefits. Firstly, they exhibit higher activity and selectivity, leading to improved process efficiency in refining and petrochemical operations. Secondly, proper sulfiding extends the catalyst’s lifespan, reducing the frequency of replacements and associated costs. Lastly, safety is paramount in sulfiding processes, and professional service providers ensure that risks such as hydrogen sulfide leaks are mitigated.

4. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s Sulfiding Services

Junyuan Petroleum Group stands out in the field of sulfiding services. The company boasts an experienced team capable of delivering customized sulfiding solutions to meet clients’ specific needs. From sulfiding agent selection to process optimization, Junyuan provides comprehensive technical support. Moreover, the company emphasizes safety and environmental protection, ensuring that all sulfiding operations comply with relevant regulations and standards.

5. Application Areas

Sulfiding services are widely applicable in various refining and petrochemical processes. In the refining industry, they are crucial for processes such as hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and hydrodesulfurization. In the petrochemical sector, sulfided catalysts are essential for the production of olefins, aromatics, and other petrochemical products.

6. Conclusion

In conclusion, sulfiding services are an integral part of the refining and petrochemical industries, significantly enhancing catalyst performance and lifespan. Junyuan Petroleum Group, with its professional expertise and commitment to safety and environmental protection, helps clients achieve efficient and safe sulfiding processes. By leveraging advanced sulfiding techniques and comprehensive support, the company contributes to the ongoing improvement and sustainability of refining and petrochemical operations.

DTBPS: The Revolutionary Substitute for Dimethyl Disulfide

In the contemporary world, the chemical industry holds a pivotal role in our daily lives, furnishing us with a myriad of products we utilize every day, ranging from medications to plastics, and beyond. One of the most crucial chemicals employed in this industry is dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), serving as a sulfiding agent in diverse applications. Nevertheless, DMDS poses hazards necessitating special handling and storage measures, along with an unpleasant odor that complicates its use. Fortunately, there exists a safer and more practical alternative: di-tert-butyl polysulfide (DTBPS).

DTBPS, alternatively known as di-tert-butyl polysulfide, is a sulfur-containing organic compound that is broadly utilized as a substitute for DMDS across various industrial sectors. It is manufactured by Junyuan Petroleum Group, a prominent producer and supplier of specialty chemicals headquartered in China. With years of experience in producing DTBPS, Junyuan Petroleum Group has garnered a reputation for quality and reliability.

A key advantage of DTBPS over DMDS is its superior safety profile. As a non-hazardous substance, DTBPS necessitates no special handling or storage procedures. Furthermore, its odorless nature greatly facilitates ease of use. Consequently, DTBPS emerges as a safer and more convenient option compared to DMDS in numerous industrial applications.

Another notable advantage of DTBPS lies in its exceptional effectiveness. It serves as a highly efficient sulfiding agent suitable for a diverse range of applications. In the petrochemical industry, DTBPS excels in sulfiding catalysts and other process equipment. Additionally, it is utilized in the rubber manufacturing process as a vulcanizing agent.

DTBPS presents itself as a highly cost-effective alternative to DMDS. Although its initial investment may slightly exceed that of DMDS, the reduced handling and storage costs associated with DTBPS result in lower long-term expenses. Furthermore, DTBPS boasts greater stability compared to DMDS, translating to an extended shelf life and diminished need for frequent replacement.

In summary, as the global industry leader, we assert that DTBPS stands as a superior, safe, efficient, and economical alternative to DMDS in numerous industrial applications. Produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group, a preeminent manufacturer and supplier of specialty chemicals headquartered in China, DTBPS offers unparalleled reliability and convenience. For those seeking a trustworthy replacement for DMDS, DTBPS is undeniably a prime consideration.

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS): A Versatile Chemical with Extensive Applications in the Mexican Market

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), a colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a distinctive odor, has emerged as a crucial chemical raw material in the Mexican market. Its versatility and effectiveness across multiple industries have contributed to its growing demand and significance in the region.

In the pesticides industry, DMDS plays a vital role in the synthesis of various pesticides. Its insecticidal and bactericidal properties make it an indispensable component in the formulation of effective pest control solutions. This, in turn, has led to a steady increase in the demand for DMDS in the Mexican agricultural sector, where pest management is crucial for crop yields and quality.

Moreover, DMDS’s application in the petroleum refining industry cannot be overlooked. As a sulfur source, it allows for precise adjustment of sulfur content in petroleum products, catering to the diverse needs of the market. This has made DMDS a sought-after raw material in the Mexican refining sector, which is continuously striving to meet evolving fuel specifications and environmental regulations.

Beyond pesticides and petroleum refining, DMDS also finds specific applications in the dyes and pharmaceuticals industries. In the dyes sector, it serves as a raw material for the synthesis of certain types of dyes, enhancing the color palette available to manufacturers. In pharmaceuticals, DMDS may be used as a catalyst or intermediate in the synthesis of certain medications, contributing to the development of new and improved therapeutic solutions.

The global landscape of DMDS production is relatively concentrated, with a few large-scale chemical companies dominating the market. Among them, Arkema, Chevron Phillips Chemical, and Junyuan Petroleum Group stand out as key players. These companies possess advanced production technologies and extensive market experience, enabling them to provide high-quality DMDS products to customers worldwide. While their specific presence and market share in Mexico may vary, their influence on the global DMDS market undoubtedly extends to the Mexican region.

However, despite its widespread applications and market demand, specific information on DMDS usage and quantities in Mexico remains confidential. This is due to the highly competitive nature of the market and the protection of trade secrets by companies involved in DMDS production and distribution. As a result, gaining insights into the precise scale and scope of DMDS applications in the Mexican market requires in-depth market research, analysis of industry reports, and consultations with industry experts.

In conclusion, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) holds immense potential for growth and development in the Mexican market. Its versatility across multiple industries, combined with the presence of key global producers, positions it as a critical raw material in the region’s chemical sector. As the Mexican economy continues to expand and the demand for high-quality chemical products increases, the role of DMDS in shaping the future of the Mexican market will undoubtedly become more prominent.

Keywords: Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), Mexican market, pesticides, petroleum refining, dyes, pharmaceuticals, global producers, market demand, trade secrets, chemical sector.