Tag Cyclopentane

Development Trend of R601 Refrigerants

Product Description: n-Pentane; Pentane; Normal Pentane

GAS No.: 109-66-0

Packaging Specification: ISO-TANK

R601 Refrigerant Introduction

R601 refrigerant, pentane and n-pentane in Chinese, is a colorless liquid with faint mint fragrance. n-Pentane R601 is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents, with a melting point of – 129.7 ℃ and a boiling point of 36.1 ℃.

R601 Refrigerant Application

R601 is mainly used for molecular sieve desorption, replacing Freon as foaming agent, as solvent, manufacturing artificial ice, agent, and synthesizing amyl alcohol.

Storage and Transportation

R601 refrigerant cylinder is a pressurized container, which should be stored away from fire, heat source and direct sunlight. It is usually stored in a cool, dry and ventilated warehouse; The steel cylinder, valve and other accessories shall be handled with care to prevent damage.

The monthly average price comparison chart of Cyclopentane prices in the China market

The monthly average price comparison chart of Cyclopentane prices in the Chinese market in the past year from September 12, 2021 to September 12, 2022. At present, there are two kinds of purity for Cyclopentane in the market: 95% and 99%. In 2021, the price of Cyclopentane, 99% was 15,204.55 CNY/MT, and the price of Cyclopentane, 95% was 14,654.55 CNY/MT. The highest price of Cyclopentane, 95% reached 15,840.91 CNY/MT in November 2021, and fell to 13,500 CNY/MT in February 2022. Later, the price gradually increased and reached 14,000 CNY/MT in April 2022. This price has been stable until September 12, 2022. However, the price of Cyclopentane, 99% has been rising and falling, but the rise and fall are not large, and the overall price shows a downward trend, falling until August 2022, and until September 12, 2022, the price remains at 14,500 CNY/MT.

Properties

Melting point :-94 °C (lit.)
Boiling point :50 °C (lit.)
Density :0.751 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density :~2 (vs air)
vapor pressure :18.93 psi ( 55 °C)
refractive index :n20/D 1.405(lit.)
Flash point :−35 °F
storage temp. :Store below +30°C.
solubility :0.156g/l insoluble
form :Powder
color :White
Odor :Like gasoline; mild, sweet.
explosive limit :1.5-8.7%(V)
Water Solubility :Miscible with ethanol, ether and acetone. Slightly miscible with water.
λmax :λ: 198 nm Amax: 1.0
λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 220 nm Amax: 0.10
λ: 240-400 nm Amax: 0.01 Merck :14,2741
BRN :1900195
Henry’s Law Constant :0.164, 0.240, and 0.300 at 27.9, 35.8, and 45.0 °C, respectively (dynamic headspace, Hansen et al., 1995)
Exposure limits :TLV-TWA 600 ppm (～1720 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Stability :Stable. Highly flammable. Note low flash point and wide explosion limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Floats on water, so water is of limited value in putting out fires involving this material.
CAS DataBase Reference :287-92-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference :Cyclopentane(287-92-3)
EPA Substance Registry System :Cyclopentane (287-92-3)

Safety Information

Symbol(GHS):
Signal word:	Danger
Hazard statements:	Code Hazard statements Hazard class Category Signal word Pictogram P-Codes H225 Highly Flammable liquid and vapour Flammable liquids Category 2 Danger P210,P233, P240, P241, P242, P243,P280, P303+ P361+P353, P370+P378,P403+P235, P501 H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard Category 3 P273, P501
Precautionary statements:	P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P273 Avoid release to the environment.

Cyclopentane is used in all analytical laboratories as a major component of mobile phase in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and in Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).

Product Specific Details

 

CAS No:	287-92-3
HS Code:	2902199090
Grade:	Technical
Contract Size:	12-5,000 MT
Packaging Type:	Drum/Tank

 

Get real-time pricing intelligence for different chemical products traded worldwide under mentioned Incoterms:

 

Incoterms: CFR, FOB, Ex-Works, Bulk Contracted, Spot

 

Countries Covered:

 

• China

• Japan

• India

• South Korea

• Singapore

• Germany

• France

• Belgium

• USA

• Brazil

• Saudi Arabia

• UAE

• South Africa

The price of Pentanes in China has fluctuated greatly in the recent month. After a period of decline, it has been rising in the recent month, with a weekly price increase of about 100 CNY per ton The prices of n-/Isopentane and cyclo-/Isopentane also maintained an upward trend. Junyuan Petroleum Group believes that Pentane prices are now at a relatively low point this year, and manufacturers in urgent need of raw materials can start purchasing. In addition, the sea freight to all parts of the world has been reduced by half, compared with the same period last year.

Pentane products are widely used as blowing agent, solvent and chemical raw materials. At present, Junyuan Petroleum Group is the largest manufacturer of high-purity Isopentane, n-Pentane, Cyclopentane and Pentane Blends/Blowing Agents in the Chinese market, with an annual output of 800,000 tons.

Pentane Blend (Blowing Agent) Market Price on September 09, 2022
Product	City	Low End Price	High End Price	Mainstream Price	Rise and Fall	Incoterms	Remarks
n-/Isopentane	Dongying	7900	8050	7950	0	EXW	–
Cyclo/Isopentane	Dongying	7900	8050	7950	0	EXW	–

Remarks:
1. The price in this list is the price including tax in spot exchange, and the unit is CNY / ton;
2. Release time: before 17:00 on working days, for reference only;
3. The rise and fall are compared with the closing price of the previous working day.

n-/Isopentane Refrigeration Foaming

Refrigerant is the working medium of refrigeration, also known as refrigerant, snow. In the refrigeration system, it is vaporized by absorbing energy from the cooling medium in the evaporator, and transfers heat to air and water in the condenser to condense. The increase in the consumption of refrigerants in China also drives the demand for refrigerants. Another point is that the state promotes fluorite as a strategic resource for protective development. In combination with these reasons, the price of refrigerants gradually rises.

At present, there are more than 80 kinds of substances used as refrigerants, including ammonia, freon-12, Freon-22, R-134a, r-404a, R-410A, azeotropic and hydrocarbon refrigerants. Previously, with regard to the impact on the ozone layer, the production of CFC substances such as R11, R12, R113, R114, r115, R502 and R22 was restricted.

In the early days, most of the refrigerants were flammable or toxic, and some accidents often occurred due to excessive pressure. The history of the development of isobutane R600a refrigerant appeared in the middle of the 19th century. It was a vapor compression system using ether as the refrigerant. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) were first used as refrigerants in 1866 and 1873, respectively. Other chemicals include chemical cyanide (petroleum ether and naphtha), sulfur dioxide (r-764) and methyl ether, which have been used as refrigerants for vapor compression. Its application is limited to industrial processes. Most foods are still preserved with ice cubes collected in winter or prepared industrially.

R290 refrigerant, propane refrigerant, is a hydrocarbon refrigerant, which has no damage to the ozone layer and has a very small greenhouse effect. It is actually an environmental protection refrigerant today. From the perspective of environmental protection, almost all countries in the world have no restrictions on the use of R290 refrigerant in the initial installation of new refrigeration equipment and after-sales maintenance. The product is mainly used to replace R22 and R502 refrigerants in low-temperature refrigeration equipment; Because R290 is flammable, it is usually only used in low-temperature refrigeration equipment with less liquid filling, or as a component of low-temperature mixed refrigerant; R290 is compatible with conventional lubricants. The R290 refrigerant steel cylinder for storage and transportation is a pressurized container, which is flammable and explosive. During storage, it should be kept away from kindling and heat sources and avoid direct sunlight exposure. It is usually stored in a cool, dry and ventilated warehouse; During handling, it shall be loaded and unloaded with care to prevent damage to steel cylinders, valves and other accessories. Matching refrigeration oil for the refrigeration engine oil matched with R290 refrigerant, it should follow the recommendations of the manufacturers of refrigeration compressors and refrigeration (air conditioning) equipment, or determine to use the refrigerator lubricating oil with the same design requirements according to the specific conditions of the refrigeration compressors and refrigeration equipment, that is, select the equivalent refrigeration engine oil.

The refrigerant in the refrigerator is added with fluorine in a fixed amount. Use a fixed amount dispenser to add fluorine according to the marked amount. When adding fluorine, feel whether the return pipe is cool by hand. If the return pipe is cold or slightly dewy, the evaporator can be basically covered with frost. When filling, first add less fluorine than the original amount and let it run. When the evaporator is full of frost, finally add it to the return pipe only to condense dew. Generally speaking, the steps of fluorinating the refrigerator are very simple. Vacuumize the refrigerator, pump out the air inside, and then add fluorine. Then seal the refrigerator.

The use of new environmentally friendly refrigerants does not destroy the ozone layer, and the refrigeration efficiency is higher than before. The use of new hydrocarbon refrigerants has also begun internationally, which fully meets the international standards for energy conservation, environmental protection and emission reduction. It is the ideal refrigerant in the world at present.

Isopentane (IC5)

• Description

Isopentane (IC5) is a volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon (CH3)2CHC2H5 and one of three isomers of pentane. Pentanes are components of some fuels, such as gasoline, and are also used as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Hydrocarbons are a diverse group of organic compounds that are made up of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are derived from petroleum, coal tar and natural gas, as well as from plants and animals.

Iso-Pentane (IC-5) is used in the Polyethylene reaction and catalyst for the Gas Phase process in order to increase the production of the PE. Isopentane (iC5) It is supplied in the form of an Isopentane fraction with a base material content of up to 99.8% (grade A), is used for foaming polymers and as a component of motor fuel. Although hydrocarbon foaming using Isopentane (iC5) requires more complex and expensive equipment, it allows to produce polyurethane foam of better characteristics.

• Boiling point: 81.86°F (27.70°C)
• Density: 0.62 g/cm³
• Chemical formula: C5H12
• Average Molar mass: 72.15 g/mol
• Classification: Alkane

Why Use Pentane, a Hydrocarbon?

Polyisocyanurate foams were traditionally produced using CFC-11 (a chloro-fluorocarbon) as the blowing agent.When evidence became irrefutable that CFCs destroyed stratospheric ozone, most of the world adopted the ground-breaking Montreal Protocol, which mandated the phaseout of CFCs for non-essential uses by 1996.

Isopentane (iC5) vs n-Pentane (nC5)- What’s the difference?

Isopentane Versus n-Pentane as a Noun. Isopentane differs from n-Pentane (as nouns) because Isopentane means “ an aliphatic hydrocarbon with the chemical structure CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂; isomeric with pentane and neopentane,” while n-Pentane is “ the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CH₃(CH₂)₃CH₃).”

ISOPENTANE

It is supplied in the form of an Isopentane fraction with a base material content of up to 99.8% (grade A), is used for foaming polymers and as a component of motor fuel.

Although hydrocarbon foaming using Isopentane requires more complex and expensive equipment, it allows to produce polyurethane foam of better characteristics compared to analogues. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the gas formed during Isopentane foaming is lower than when using pure water foaming and, consequently, the panel filled with polyurethane foam on Isopentane provides better thermal insulation. The use of Isopentane as a foaming agent makes working at a lower density possible. The filling density of foam on Isopentane is 42 kg / m3 against 45-50 kg / m3 in the case of water foaming.

This means that holding the dimensions fixed the sandwich panel with the pentane-foamed polyurethane filling is lighter in comparison with the one with a CO2 – foamed polyurethane filling. In the end, it reduces the weight of the entire mobile building envelope as a whole and the load on its elements, making it more reliable and economical to use. Fine uniform porosity of the foam makes it possible to obtain maximum thermal insulation characteristics.

Hydrocarbon foaming allows to achieve the best characteristics of polyurethane foam, and, consequently, to improve the characteristics of sandwich panels, as well as manufactured from them mobile enclosing structures. It provides:

•     better energy saving due to high thermal insulation characteristics;
•     high durability thanks to better adhesion to metal sheets of the panel;
•     efficiency and an advanced technological design due to it being lighter;
•     durability of the structure.

You can place an order for Isopentane (iC5) with Junyuan Petroleum Group, send email to: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.

In the recent month, the price of n-Pentane in the Chinese market generally showed an upward trend. From July 28 to August 3, the price remained at about 6,900 yuan, and on August 5, it rose to about 7,000 yuan. Until August 17, the product price remained at this level. In late August, the price continued to rise, and until August 26, the price remained at about 7,100 yuan.

n-Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C5H12. It is mainly used as a solvent, a reference liquid for gas chromatography, and an anesthetic. It can also be used to make artificial ice, anesthetics, and synthesize pentanol and Isopentane.

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Product	Purity Grade (% wt)	CAS No.	Applications
n-Pentane	EPS Grade (≥95%)	109-66-0	Pentane blowing agent
	General Grade (≥95%)	109-66-0	Thermacol
	General Grade (≥95%)	109-66-0	Rigid foams for thermal insulation panels in the construction sector
	PU Grade (≥95%)	109-66-0	Sandwich Panel
	Polymer Grade (≥95%)	109-66-0	LLDPE & HDPE
	Pharma Grade (≥99%)	109-66-0	Linear Alkayl Benzene
	LAB Grade (≥99%)	109-66-0	Surfactant

The company carried out the “August 1st” Army Day activities to comfort veteransOn the afternoon of August 1, the group company held the “August 1st” Army Day veterans’ condolences activity in the West conference room on the first floor. Yu Rui, deputy general manager of Junyuan Group of Companies, Qiao Huijie, deputy general manager and director of safety and environmental protection, Chen Huimin, general office manager, and all veterans of the company participated in this activity.

At the beginning of the activity, Chen Huimin conveyed the concern letter from Chairman Miao Guangfa, in which he expressed his high praise and gratitude to all veterans, thanked them for their positive contributions to army building and national defense, and hoped that they would continue to carry forward the fine traditions of the army. Yu Rui and Qiao Huijie respectively expressed their high respect for the contributions and sacrifices made by the veterans to protect the country and the people through their speeches, and hoped that they would work hard and consistently in the future, display their demeanour as veterans, and contribute to the company’s career to a new level. At the end of the event, the leaders sent condolences to all veterans and took a group photo.

This year marks the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army. This condolence activity has further carried forward the fine tradition of supporting the army and giving preferential treatment to family members, effectively sent the company’s care and warmth to the veterans, and enhanced the Veterans’ sense of honor, belonging and happiness. The company’s veterans said that in the future, they will continue to uphold and carry forward the glorious tradition, always maintain the military’s vigorous and vigorous work style, achieve “no fading after retirement, no desire to retire after retirement”, and make due contributions to the company’s development based on their posts and dedication.

Introduction to Malaysia ASEAN Free Trade Certificate of Origin (FORM E)

Malaysia certificate of origin, also known as China’s certificate of origin for export to Malaysia, can also be called Malaysia ASEAN certificate of origin Form E. Malaysia ASEAN certificate of origin Form E is issued by China entry exit inspection and Quarantine Bureau and consists of one original and three copies. The main purpose of applying for ASEAN certificate of origin Form E for export to Malaysia is to obtain the tariff preference of the Malaysian authorities when the goods are imported into Malaysia, so as to enable the smooth customs clearance of this batch of goods.

The Malaysian certificate of origin Form E cannot have double headers. The header of the trader or factory can only be displayed under the description of the goods in the seventh column of the Form E certificate of origin, and cannot be displayed in the exporter column in the first column of the certificate of origin. For export declaration, the header of the trader or factory can be used normally.

The following points shall be noted when exporting Form E certificate of origin to Malaysia:

1. Consignee name and address cannot be bank name.

2. The departure date, ship name, port of departure and port of destination must be correct and consistent with the bill of lading.

3. The amount on the certificate of origin must show FOB amount.

Malaysian import tariff system

As a member of the world trade organization, Malaysia’s tariff level is generally low. Although the tariff rate of most items is lower than 25%, the value range of tariff rate is very wide. The tariff on basic food is very low, no more than 5%. The average tax rate for major goods is about 5%. The average tax rate of intermediate products and transportation equipment is less than 20%. The tax rate of consumer goods is higher, some as high as 60%. The tariff rate for high priced motor vehicles is higher than 100%. In short, of its total of about 600 imported items, only 91 have a tariff rate of more than 50%. As a member of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) under construction, Malaysia’s tariff reduction will implement the “generally effective preferential tariff” (CEPT) plan in the AFTA regulations. The main imported products of Malaysia are divided into three categories. The first category is raw materials and means of production, including electronic components, textiles, plastics, machine parts, oil, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and food, accounting for 42.6% of the total import volume; The second category is mechanical equipment, including metal products, mechanical transport equipment, electronic instruments, heavy machinery and telecommunications equipment, accounting for 34.5% of the total import volume; The third category is daily necessities, including motorcycles, bicycles, jewelry and food, accounting for 21.9% of the total imports. All imported goods from Malaysia shall be subject to a 5% surcharge based on CIF value. Some basic goods such as fish, Cereals, salt, petroleum products, rubber, paper and printed products are exempt from additional tax. Excise taxes shall be levied on beer, alcohol and other beverages, cigarettes, gasoline, mineral oil and sugar, tires, cards, air conditioners, batteries, TV receivers, motor vehicles and motorcycles, matches and other commodities at ad valorem or specific volume.

1. Import documents.

(1) Commercial invoice: the original invoice used for tariff calculation shall be filled in and signed in English. The invoice must include the following items: mark, number, quantity and type of package, detailed commodity name, non-technical name or internal label code, gross weight and net weight, FOB, CIF fee and CIF price (if it belongs to different customs tariff items, each commodity must be separately indicated according to CIF price), delivery place and origin. The commodity description on the package must be consistent with that on the invoice. The invoice must be in triplicate.

(2) Certificate of origin certificate of origin is only for goods from federal countries.

(3) Bill of lading and ocean bill of lading need not be notarized. It is allowed to use the instruction bill of lading, but the address of a notified party shall be indicated.

2. Special provisions.

All details about the commodity description, metric weight and origin must be indicated on the label of the packed goods in Bahasa language. English is only allowed to be used in the second language. All packaged products must be printed with the following instructions: name of manufacturer, importer or wholesaler, origin, packaging content and product name. Food, medicine, livestock and meat must also be marked with health and quarantine provisions, including labeling provisions. Mark the following contents in Malaysian: country of origin, commodity description, weight, storage period, name and mailing address of the importer. The packaging of cigarettes must be printed with clear warnings of damage to health in the Mayan language.

3. Handling of unclaimed goods.

The goods that the buyer fails to pick up within the time limit can be kept in the customs warehouse for 21 days. If the consignee is notified after the time limit, the goods must be picked up within 7 days, or the customs will auction them. The auction proceeds will be used to pay the customs declaration fee, storage fee and all other expenses. The air cargo must be collected within 72 hours, or a high storage penalty will be imposed. If the goods are not received after 3 months, they will be returned.
Malaysia’s output of oil chemicals accounts for 20% of the world

From 2006 to 2020, the target of attracting investment in Malaysia’s chemical industry is US $10.6 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 6.9%. Malaysia is rich in oil and gas resources, with natural gas reserves ranking 14th in the world and oil reserves ranking 23rd in the world. Malaysia is also the third largest producer of liquefied natural gas in the world. Long term reliable and stable natural gas supply can ensure the sustainable growth of Malaysia’s petrochemical industry. Malaysia is currently an importer of petrochemical products and an exporter of petrochemical products. Oil chemicals are important chemicals in Malaysia.

Malaysian chemicals mainly include petrochemical products, inorganic and organic chemical raw materials, fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, food and feed additives, pharmaceutical chemicals, water treatment chemicals, papermaking chemicals, daily chemicals, pigments, dyes, inks and adhesives, catalysts, chemical equipment and instruments;