Solvent Price Change,% for Today /Thursday, May 18, 2023
n-Pentane, 95% (%)
n-Pentane, 99% (%)
Isopentane, 95% (0%)
Isopentane, 99% (0%)
Cyclopentane, 95% (0%)
Cyclopentane, 99% (0%)
Pentane Blends (Cyclo/Isopentane) (0%)
Pentane Blends (n-/Isopentane) (0%)
n-Hexane, 60% (-0.11%)
n-Hexane, 70% (0%)
n-Hexane, 80% (0%)
n-Hexane, 90% (0%)
n-Hexane, 95% (0%)
n-Hexane, 99% (0%)
n-Heptane, 99% (0%)
Isobutane, 99% (0%)

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The recent price trend chart of food grade n-hexane in the Chinese market, in RMB yuan/ton. • 2023/04/19

Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours.

Food grade Hexane is mainly used as a solvent in various kinds of extraction operations. The formula for n- Hexane is CH3(CH2)4CH3. This Kenya Standard specifies requirements and methods of test for hexane, food grade, used as a solvent for extraction of oily /oleaginous materials.

Common Uses For Pharmaceutical Grade Hexane

Pharmaceutical grade hexane is a high purity grade of hexane also referred to as food-grade hexane that is available in purity levels as high as 99% with very minimal impurities.

FG Hexane is produced in the refineries from special cut Naphtha where the Hexane rich stream is extracted and purified to meet the required specification.

n-Hexane

AI. Blah blah blah. You can’t turn on the news without hearing about it constantly. So I decided to see if it knew chemistry. With a few exceptions, it did very well. Even when I tried to trick it.

AI or Aluminum?

When it comes to chemistry, how does AI perform? The best way to find out is to ask questions, but I threw some doozies in there to see if it could handle odd or trick questions. Bottom line: It did very well, with some notable exceptions.

1. Basic Chemistry.

I expected it to do very well here, but it really bombed on one question. Let’s start with the easiest.

Q: What is the boiling point of toluene?

A: The boiling point of toluene is approximately 110.6 degrees Celsius or 231.1 degrees Fahrenheit at standard atmospheric pressure

Grade: A. It also knew that the boiling point is dependent upon atmospheric pressure.

Q: How many isomers have the chemical formula C₅H₁₂?

A: There are three structural isomers with the chemical formula C5H12… They are Pentane,  Isopentane, and Neopentane

Grade: A. Perfect

[Time for a trick]

Q: How many isomers are there with the formula C₄H₁₄

A: There are two structural isomers with the chemical formula C4H14. They are: Butane and isobutane.

Grade: F. Uh oh. There are no chemicals in the universe with that formula. ChatGPT’s answer is even worse when you consider that butane and isobutane both have the formula C₄H₁₀. I don’t know how it screwed this up. It should have been trivial.

Q: Which is more acidic? Acetic acid or benzoic acid?

A: The pKa values (a measure of acidity) for benzoic acid and acetic acid are 4.20 and 4.76, respectively. This means that at the same concentration, benzoic acid is more acidic than acetic acid.

Grade: A

[Time for another trick!]

Q: Which is more acidic, butyric acid or butanoic acid?

A: Butyric acid and butanoic acid are two names for the same compound.

Grade: Bravo! A. It didn’t bite.

Q: What is dimethylmercury?

A: Dimethylmercury is an extremely toxic and dangerous substance. It is a colorless liquid that can easily pass through latex gloves and skin, making it highly toxic even in small amounts. Due to its extreme toxicity, dimethylmercury is considered one of the most dangerous chemicals known to mankind

Grade: A (I think it quoted me, so let’s make that A+)

2. Somewhat off-beat chemistry

I wanted to test its ability to answer odd or stupid questions here.

Q: Should I eat potassium?

A: While potassium is an essential nutrient for the human body, it is not recommended to eat pure potassium metal. Potassium metal is highly reactive and can react violently with water or moisture, potentially causing burns or explosions.

Grade: A+. I wanted to see if it could distinguish between potassium metal and potassium salt since they are both called potassium. It did. I like the “it is not recommended” – a mastery of understatement. Potassium metal will blow your head off.

Q: How do you pronounce phenol?

A: The pronunciation of phenol is “fee-nawl” or “fee-nol,” with the stress on the first syllable.

Grade: C. I knew it! That is how doctors pronounce the word. Chemists, who know better (and discovered it), pronounce it with the accent on the second syllable. When a chemist uses the doctor’s pronunciation, it is socially acceptable to throw potassium at them.

More controversial stuff

I needed to ask it a few ACSH-like questions just to see.

Q: Is aspartame bad for you?

A: Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in food and drinks since the 1980s. It is composed of two amino acids, phenylalanine and aspartic acid, and a small amount of methanol. The safety of aspartame has been studied extensively by regulatory agencies, and it is generally considered safe for human consumption in normal amounts.

Grade: A+. No nonsense from EWG, Joe Mercola, or Oz.

Q: Do vaccines cause autism?

A:There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that vaccines cause autism. The overwhelming majority of scientific studies conducted over the past two decades have found no evidence of a causal link between vaccines and autism…The idea that vaccines cause autism originated from a now-debunked study published in 1998 that has since been retracted due to serious flaws and ethical violations. Numerous subsequent studies have failed to find any evidence to support the claims made in the original study.

Grade: A+. Whew! I was a little worried there

Q: Is Andrew Wakefield a fraud?

A: Andrew Wakefield is a former British medical researcher who became infamous for publishing a fraudulent study in 1998 claiming a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. The study has since been thoroughly discredited and retracted by the journal that initially published it. Wakefield has been stripped of his medical license due to ethical violations related to the study.

Grade: A+. Excellent. No conspiracy nonsense.

And finally…

Q: Is homeopathy real science?

A: The scientific community generally does not consider homeopathy a legitimate form of science…the principles of homeopathy are not supported by scientific evidence, and numerous studies have failed to demonstrate its efficacy beyond that of a placebo. Homeopathic remedies are often heavily diluted to the point where they contain little to no active ingredient and no plausible scientific mechanism by which they could work.

Grade: A+. I couldn’t have said it better.

Bottom line

My first experience with ChatGPT was much better than I expected. It answered straightforward science questions perfectly (except for that abomination about isomers of C4H14) and was also able to handle strange and tricky questions quite well. It did especially well with controversial questions, such as the vaccine-autism myth, and even opined that Andrew Wakefield, the perpetrator of the myth, was indeed a fraud. Likewise, it didn’t go down the rabbit hole and give wishy-washy answers about aspartame or homeopathy. This is what I found to be most impressive.

In the end, I couldn’t resist:

Q: Will I get a raise from the American Council on Science and Health?

A: As an AI language model, I don’t have access to information about your personal circumstances or any specific information about your job performance, so I cannot predict with certainty whether you will receive a raise from the American Council on Science and Health.

That’s odd. We can all predict that one.

By Josh Bloom

Director of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science

Dr. Josh Bloom, the Director of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, comes from the world of drug discovery, where he did research for more than 20 years. He holds a Ph.D. in chemistry.

About Junyuan Petroleum Group
Junyuan Petroleum Group engages in the production of specialty hydrocarbon products. It operates through the following segments: Specialty Products, Chemical Products and Corporate. The Specialty Products segment produces Pentanes, Hexanes, Heptanes, Butanes and other products.

In 1993, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) issued its final nomenclature for organic compounds. Nomenclature (Nomenclature), as the name suggests, is the method of naming compounds. If we want to give each organic compound a name, we obviously cannot write all possible organic compounds and their names into a table. So we need to write a few very concise rules to help us quickly name even a compound that has never been seen before.

Naming structure The naming structure of organic compounds can be basically split into prefix (Prefix) and suffix (Suffix). The prefix generally indicates how many carbon atoms are in the compound. The suffix represents which functional groups (Functional Group) are contained in the compound. In other words, the suffix represents which organic compound this organic compound belongs to, such as alkanes (Alkane), alkenes (Alkene), alcohols (Alcohol) and so on. There is nothing to say about the prefix. It is purely a one-to-one table: 1 Carbon: Meth- 2 Carbons: Eth- 3 Carbons: Prop- 4 Carbons: But- 5 Carbons: Pent- 6 Carbons: Hex- 7 Carbons: Hept- 8 Carbons: Oct- 9 Carbons: Non- 10 Carbons: Dec- 11 Carbons: Undec- 12 Carbons: Dodec- … In IGCSE chemistry, we rarely see names above 7 Carbons. So everything from Meth- to Hex- must be memorized. No way, just memorize it by rote. The prefixes are only associated with carbon atoms, so you don’t need to count hydrogen atoms. You see several carbon atoms, and its prefix is the corresponding prefix. Let’s take an example.

Now that the prefixes are finished, let’s talk about suffixes. If there are only Carbon-Carbon single bond and Carbon-Hydrogen single bond in a compound, then it belongs to alkane (Alkane). Let’s take a look at the name Alkane. It can be split into Alk- prefix and -ane suffix. The Alk- prefix represents a comprehensive compound category. It does not specify the length, but it is just a placeholder. So of course, -ane is the common suffix of this kind of compound.

We still see our three previous examples. Take a closer look, in each compound, each atom is connected with a single bond (a horizontal line), so we can say that all three of them belong to Alkane, and their suffixes are all -ane. So we have a prefix, and we have a suffix, and we can name it. The first compound has the prefix Meth- and the suffix -ane, so the full name is Methane. The second compound has the prefix But- and the suffix -ane, so the full name is Butane. The third compound has a prefix of Pent- and a suffix of -ane, so its full name is Pentane. simple right?

Types of Pentane and Pentane Blowing Agents

Pentanes include n-pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane. The molecular formula is C5H12 and the molecular weight is 72.15. Cyclopentane, also known as “pentamethylene”, is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C5H10. Molecular weight 70.13. flammable liquid.

The high-purity n-pentane produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group has a purity of up to 99.5%, a n-butane content of less than 0.01%, an isopentane content of less than 0.2%, and a C6 content of less than 0.3%.

N-pentane and isopentane are separated from oilfield light hydrocarbons through high-efficiency rectification. N-pentane can be used as a desorbing agent in the dewaxing process of molecular sieves, and it can be used as a high-efficiency blowing agent for expandable polystyrene after blending with isopentane in different proportions to meet the requirements of different foaming degrees. It can be mixed with cyclopentane, etc. as a polyurethane foaming agent. Isopentane can be used as blowing agent for expandable polystyrene, foaming agent for polyurethane foam system, deasphalting solvent, solvent for catalyst in polyethylene production, etc. Generally blended with cyclopentane. Used as rigid polyurethane foam blowing agent. Cyclopentane (molecular formula C5H10) is a saturated hydrocarbon with a melting point of -94.4°C and a boiling point of 49.3°C. It is stable and insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and acetone. It is used as a solvent, as a foaming agent (instead of Freon) in the preparation of polyurethane foam, and as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis.

CAS: 287-92-3
Molecular formula: C5H10
Molecular weight: 70.13
Boiling point: 50℃
Melting point: -94-49℃
Chinese name: cyclopentane, pentamethylene, cyclopentamethylene
English name: ,Cyclopentane, pentamethylene, Cyclopentane,HPLC Grade, Cyclopentan, Cyclopcntan
Nature description:
Colorless liquid, melting point -93.9°C, boiling point 49.26°C, relative density 0.7460 (20/4°C), refractive index 1.4068, flash point -37°C. It can be miscible with organic solvents such as alcohol and ether, but insoluble in water.
production method:
Cyclopentane is a component of petroleum ether with a boiling point range of 30-60°C, the content is generally 5%-10%, and it is distilled at atmospheric pressure with a reflux ratio of 60:1 in a tower with a height of 8m. Isopentane and n-pentane can be further fractionated to obtain cyclopentane with a purity of more than 98%. Cyclopentane can also be prepared by reduction of cyclopentanone or catalytic hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene.
Uses:
It is used as a solvent for solution polymerization of polyisoprene rubber and a solvent for cellulose ether, as a substitute for freon for insulation materials in refrigerators and freezers and as a foaming agent for other hard PU foams, and as a reference material for chromatographic analysis.
The pentane foaming agent series products produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group are mainly composed of n-pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane. The total content of pentane is over 98%. It can be blended with cyclopentane into about 30 different types of products, which are mainly used as plastic foaming agents, and can also be used as industrial solvents, extractants and chemical raw materials.

China Market Trends: As of press time March 06, 2023, the mainstream transaction price of straight run naphtha in Shandong area is CNY 8,188/MT, -28, and the mainstream transaction price of hydrogenated naphtha is CNY 8,268/MT, -82. The international crude oil is fluctuating and finishing, the profit of the reforming unit of the refinery has dropped significantly compared with the previous day 03.05.2023, the market demand is limited, the related gasoline, diesel and gasoline components are operating weakly, and some refineries have cut prices for shipments. Today, the naphtha market in Shandong fell slightly.
March 06, 2023 USD TO CNY TODAY
https://longforecast.com/chinese-yuan-forecast-2017-2018-2019-2020-2021-usd-to-rmb-and-rmb-to-usd
Naphtha is an important raw material for the production of pentane, hexane and heptane series products. If you need to purchase these hydrocarbon end products, please feel free to contact Junyuan Petroleum Group.

Pentane is an organic compound with 5 carbon atoms. There are three structural isomers
of pentane of which n-pentane is a long chained isomer. Pentane is inexpensive, non-polar,
and miscible in almost all non-polar solvents. Pentane is generally employed in fuels,
industrial applications like solvents, manufacturing of polystyrene foam, working medium
and other. Moreover, n-pentane has laboratory applications and is used as solvent. It is
also used in liquid chromatography.
Increasing demand from industrial sector for n-pentane due to the high volatility,
miscibility with non-polar compounds like chlorocarbons, olefins, ethers shall drive the
market. Additionally, the lower cost of n-pentane compared to other industrial solvents
shall boost the market demand. Pentane is also an important component of fuels.
Increasing demand for fuels from all over the world shall foster the market growth.
However, n-pentane is a non-polar solvent which is dissolved only in non-polar and alkyl
rich compounds. They lack in functionality and this is expected to hinder the market
growth.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:
Based on product type, the global n-pentane market is segmented into pentane 85/15,
pentane 60/40, pentane 50/50, pentane 20/80, pentane 80/20, pentane 70/30. Based on
application, is segmented into bowing agent, electronic cleaning, chemical solvent, aerosol
propellant, solvent, and others.
From a geographical standpoint, the market is categorized into North America, Europe,
Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.
KEY PLAYERS COVERED:
The global n-Pentane market consists of global & regional players operating. Some of the
key players in the market include, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Exxonmobil,
Shell, Top Solvent Co., Ltd, South Hampton Resources, Diversified Cpc International, LG
Chem, Aeropres Corporation, Jun Yuan Petroleum Group, and others.
KEY INSIGHTS
New Advancements in Production Technologies
Key Trends in the N-Pentane Market
New Product Launches, Expansions, Key Players
Ranking of Key Players in the Market
REGIONAL ANALYSIS:
The market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa. North America is expected to hold the largest share in market.
Rise in demand from industrial sector for solvent shall boost the regional market. Asia
Pacific is estimated to hold significant share attributed to large chemical manufacturing
base. High demand from industrial sector for manufacturing polystyrene foam, PU foam
and other products shall foster the market. Europe is expected to show considerable
growth due to the increasing demand for fuel. Increasing production of vehicles is further
rising the demand for fuel. This shall foster the market growth in Europe. Latin America
and Middle East & Africa shall exhibit sluggish growth by the end of forecast period.

SEGMENTATION
ATTRIBUTE DETAILS
By Product Type
Pentane 85/15
Pentane 60/40
Pentane 50/50
Pentane 20/80
Pentane 80/20
Pentane 70/30
By Application
Bowing Agent
Electronic Cleaning
Chemical Solvent
Aerosol Propellant
Solvent
Others

By Geography
North America (U.S., and Canada)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, and Rest of Asia Pacific)
Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, and Rest of Latin America)
Middle East & Africa (UAE, South Africa, and Rest of Middle
East & Africa)
N-PENTANE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Junyuan Petroleum Group manufactures a wide range of solvents and fluids for industrial use. n-Pentane is one of the solvent available in different composition and is widely used in industrial sector.

Product FOB Prices (Up/Down %)

Cyclopentane, 95% (0%)

The cost of Cyclopentane Pure hovered around USD 1.503-1.605/KG on a FOB Qingdao basis on March 04, 2023

Cyclopentane, 99% (0%)

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C5H10

CAS Number: 287-92-3

Molecular Weight: 70.13

Beilstein: 1900195

EC Number: 206-016-6

MDL number: MFCD00001356

NACRES: NA.24

assay: ≥95.0% (GC)

Autoignition temp.: 682 °F

Shelf life: limited shelf life, expiry date on the label

Expl. lim.: 8.7 %

Technique(s): HPLC: suitable
Gas chromatography (GC): suitable

BP: 50 °C (lit.)

MP:−94 °C (lit.)

Density: 0.751 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Application(s): environmental

SMILES string: C1CCCC1

InChI: 1S/C5H10/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-5H2

InChI key: RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Search & Find Cyclopentane Online. Get a Fast, Quick Quote for Cyclopentane. View Products. View News. Looking for similar products? Visit: JunyuanPetroleumGroup.com

R600a

A flammable refrigerant gas with very low GWP for R134a (HFC) replacement in Refrigerator and Refrigeration systems, substitution of this refrigerant for motor vehicle air conditioning systems not originally designed for R600a is widely prohibited or discouraged.

Characteristics

Melting Point−159.42 °CBoiling Point−11.7 °CDensity2.51 kg/m3 (at 15 °C, 100 kPa)FormsLiquified gas, Flammable

USES AND APPLICATIONS

Key applications

• Refrigerating and air-conditioning systems

Synonyms: Isobutane, I-butane, 2-methylpropane, methylpropane

Chemical Formula: C4H10

CAS Number: 75-28-5

Buy R600a from Chinese suppliers | (75-28-5)
Buy customized variations and grades of R600a (C4H10) from Junyuan Petroleum Group ; safe delivery, in stock in Junyuan Petroleum Group, find MSDS, quote, sample now!

It’s essential to know about hydrocarbons, increasingly present in the market.

The use of R600a and R290 hydrocarbons as refrigerant fluids has been consolidating itself and gaining space in the market. By representing, at the same time, a good solution from a technical point of view as well as a response to the need to cause less environment impact, they have been adopted by various refrigeration equipment manufacturers.

From an environmental aspect, it should be emphasized that they do not harm the ozone layer and contribute almost negligibly to global warming – a considerable advantage over many other alternatives now present in the market. Another advantage is that their use delivers greater cooling system efficiency. For those not familiar with these refrigerants yet, it’s worth noting that R600a or isobutane, is mainly used in household refrigerators and some types of commercial equipment, while R290, or propane, is an alternative increasingly more present in commercial equipment. There is still a degree of concern from some professionals and companies in relation to the use of hydrocarbons, since they are flammable. But it’s an unnecessary concern. Knowing how to work with them, there’s no risk. The example of several European countries proves this: there, isobutane and propane have been used for many years.

There is other information that should be emphasized to make it clear how safe their use is. The first is that the entire electrical circuit of these products is suitable for flammable gases to prevent generating sparks. Added to this, it’s important to know that the hydrocarbon charge in a refrigerator is very small, being around 80 grams for household systems and 150 grams for commercial systems. Let’s compare: the hydrocarbon mass of a refrigerator is about 1% of the total existing in a 13 kg gas cylinder, which is commonly used in kitchens. Since the refrigeration systems are sealed, the gas doesn’t come in contact with the environment.

COOKING GAS MUST NOT BE USED

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), also known as cooking gas, cannot be used as a refrigerant fluid in refrigeration equipment. For this use, only isobutane (R600a) and propane (R290) hydrocarbons are indicated. LPG is a mixture of butane and propane, with different characteristics both for R600a as well as for R290 and its use can generate moisture in the system, among other problems. In addition to the different chemical composition, it receives an additive to have an odor that makes it easy to notice leaks and this additive can also react with the elements present in the refrigeration system. 

Necessary precautions

It’s important to be aware of the characteristics of these refrigerant fluids when doing maintenance on equipment in which they are used. Since they’re flammable, some precautions should be taken:

• Before beginning, it’s important to consult technical reference materials, reinforcing your knowledge on best practices and precautions to be taken.

• In welding operations, release all the refrigerant from the refrigeration system in a well-ventilated area or collect it in a closed container. Make sure that the tubing is completely free of isobutane or propane before using the welding torch. For this, a nitrogen charge can be passed through the tubing.

• Seal the process tube with locking pliers.

• You can also choose to use the Lokring® system to join the tubes, avoiding the need to weld

• Be attentive to the electrical devices which need to be appropriate to the flammability of these refrigerants.

A key guideline is that isobutane and propane should only be used in compressors that are designed for their use. That’s what will ensure good system performance and operational safety. Regarding electrical components, the need to use starting devices approved for the compressor must be emphasized. The thermal protector must be ¾ sealed (with cover) or the 4TM model.

Other important information is about filter driers, which should contain 4A-XH5 desiccant. Some refrigeration system characteristics change when using hydrocarbons. And, in some aspects, there are important differences among the systems with R600a and those designed for use with R290. For example, an R600a compressor has a displacement approximately 70% greater than a similar model with R134a. R600a also has lower vapor pressures than R12 or R134a, in all temperature ranges.

While in the case of propane, the situation is different. In R290 compressors the displaced volume is always smaller, reaching up to a 40% reduction when compared to R134a models. Propane operates with higher pressures compared to R600a or R134a. Regarding gas charge, the characteristic is the same for both R600a and for R290: in both cases it’s normally 40% lower when compared to other refrigerants – another reason why there should be no fears about the operational safety of hydrocarbons. In other aspects, there are few changes.

In the case of capillary tubes and heat exchangers (evaporators and condensers), almost always the same system characteristics that operate with other refrigerants are maintained. Finally, a key recommendation: in systems designed for the use of hydrocarbons, never replace them with other refrigerant fluids.

Tip: If you have doubts or want to enhance your knowledge on this topic, watch the video on changing compressors available on the Club’s website (refrigerationclub.com). The compressor shown there uses hydrocarbon.

Which refrigerators use R600a refrigerant?

This is a great, energy-efficient French-door refrigerator, the most popular style right now. It stores a lot of food and uses the climate-friendly R600a refrigerant.