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n-Pentane: a multifunctional organic chemical raw material

Summary:
n-Pentane is an important organic chemical raw material, with the chemical formula C5H12. This article will provide a scientific introduction to the properties, uses, storage methods, and applications of n-pentane in the chemical industry.

N-pentane, as a member of the alkane family, occupies an important position in the chemical industry due to its unique chemical properties and wide range of applications. Its chemical formula C5H12 indicates that n-pentane is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms, and belongs to a type of straight chain alkanes.

1、 The properties of n-pentane

n-Pentane is a colorless and transparent liquid with a lower boiling point (about 36 ° C) and is prone to volatilization. Its isomers include isopentane and neopentane, but the term “pentane” usually specifically refers to n-pentane. N-pentane has stable properties at room temperature, but is prone to combustion reactions at high temperatures or near ignition sources.

2、 The use of n-pentane

n-Pentane has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. Firstly, it can be used as a low boiling solvent to dissolve some substances that are not easily soluble in water. Secondly, n-pentane is also an important foaming agent in the plastic industry, which can help plastic materials form a uniform foam structure. In addition, n-pentane can also be used as a fuel for automobiles and airplanes, and its high calorific value and good combustion performance make it an ideal energy choice.

In addition to the above applications, n-pentane also plays an important role in gas chromatography analysis and can be used as a standard substance or reference liquid. At the same time, it can also be used to manufacture chemicals such as synthetic pentanol and isopentane, providing raw material support for chemical production.

3、 Storage method of n-pentane

Due to the flammable and explosive properties of n-pentane, special attention should be paid during storage. Firstly, it should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from flames and heat sources. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 29 ℃ to avoid fire or explosion accidents. Secondly, storage containers should be kept sealed to prevent the volatilization or leakage of n-pentane. In addition, n-pentane should be stored separately from oxidants and other substances to avoid chemical reactions.

Emergency leak handling equipment and appropriate containment materials should be equipped in the storage area, so that measures can be taken quickly for disposal in the event of a leak. At the same time, explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities should also be used to ensure the safety of the storage area.

4、 Summary

n-Pentane, as a multifunctional organic chemical raw material, plays an important role in the chemical industry. By understanding its properties, uses, and storage methods, we can better utilize n-pentane to provide support for chemical production. At the same time, we should also pay attention to its safe storage issues to ensure that no safety accidents occur during use.

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS): Catalyst Sulfiding and Advantages

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS): Catalyst Sulfiding and Advantages

What is n-Pentane and Why is it Important?

n-Pentane is a simple organic compound that belongs to the family of alkanes. It has the chemical formula C5H12 and consists of five carbon atoms linked by single bonds, with each carbon atom attached to three hydrogen atoms. n-Pentane is one of the three isomers of pentane, which means that it has the same molecular formula but a different structure. The other two isomers are isopentane and neopentane, which have more branched structures.

n-Pentane is a colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a characteristic odor of gasoline. It is highly flammable and volatile, meaning that it can easily catch fire and evaporate. It is also insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. n-Pentane has a boiling point of 36°C and a melting point of -130°C, making it one of the lowest boiling and melting alkanes.

n-Pentane is mainly used as a solvent, a fuel, and a chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it can dissolve various substances such as oils, fats, waxes, resins, and rubber. As a fuel, it can be blended with gasoline to increase its octane rating and reduce its emissions. As a chemical intermediate, it can be converted into other useful compounds such as isoprene, which is used to make synthetic rubber.

n-Pentane is also important for the production of refrigerants, which are substances that can absorb and release heat in cooling systems. n-Pentane is used to make hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are a type of refrigerant that have low ozone depletion potential and global warming potential. HFCs are widely used in air conditioners, refrigerators, and heat pumps.

n-Pentane is a common and versatile compound that has many applications in various industries. However, it also poses some risks to human health and the environment. Exposure to high levels of n-Pentane can cause irritation, drowsiness, headache, nausea, and loss of coordination. Inhalation of n-Pentane can also affect the nervous system and the lungs. n-Pentane can also contribute to air pollution and smog formation when it reacts with oxygen and nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight.

Therefore, it is important to handle n-Pentane with care and follow the safety precautions. n-Pentane should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, away from heat, sparks, and flames. n-Pentane should also be disposed of properly and not released into the environment. n-Pentane is a useful but hazardous substance that requires careful management and regulation.

The Application of n-Pentane as a Desorbent in Molecular Sieve Dewaxing Process

Excerpt:

Molecular sieve dewaxing (MSDW) is a process that uses zeolite catalysts to selectively convert long-chain n-paraffins into isoparaffins, thereby reducing the pour point and cloud point of diesel and lubricating oil. MSDW is an alternative to conventional solvent dewaxing, which has high energy consumption and environmental pollution.

One of the key factors affecting the performance of MSDW is the choice of desorbent, which is used to regenerate the catalyst after the reaction. Desorbent should have a low boiling point, a high selectivity for n-paraffins, and a low solubility in the product oil. Among various candidates, n-pentane has been widely used as a desorbent in MSDW due to its advantages of low cost, easy availability, and high efficiency.

n-Pentane can effectively desorb the n-paraffins from the catalyst pores and restore the catalyst activity. n-Pentane can also improve the product quality by reducing the aromatics and sulfur content in the product oil. Moreover, n-pentane can be easily separated from the product oil by distillation, and recycled for reuse in the process.

In this article, we will introduce the principle and mechanism of MSDW, the properties and advantages of n-pentane as a desorbent, and the optimization and control of the process parameters. We will also review the recent developments and challenges of MSDW, and provide some suggestions for future research.

Expandable Polystyrene and Pentane: An Introduction

Expandable polystyrene (EPS) is a type of thermoplastic foam that can be expanded by heating to form various shapes and sizes of products. EPS is composed of polystyrene beads or granules that contain a blowing agent and other additives. The most commonly used blowing agent for EPS is pentane, a low-boiling hydrocarbon that can generate gas bubbles when heated.

EPS has many advantages, such as low density, good thermal insulation, sound absorption, shock resistance, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. EPS is widely used in packaging, insulation, food containers, furniture, appliances, and automotive industries.

Pentane is a colorless, flammable, and volatile liquid that belongs to the alkane family. Pentane has three isomers: n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. Pentane is mainly used as a solvent, a fuel, and a blowing agent for EPS and other foams.

The global production of pentane is dominated by a few leading companies, such as Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Junyuan Petroleum Group and Total. These companies have advanced technologies, large-scale facilities, and extensive distribution networks to meet the growing demand for pentane, especially in the emerging markets of Asia and Africa.

Junyuan Petroleum Group: A Leading Supplier of n-Pentane in UAE and Dubai

n-Pentane is a hydrocarbon that has various applications in the industrial sector, such as solvent, fuel, and blowing agent for foam production. It is also a component of natural gas and gasoline. In UAE and Dubai, there are several suppliers and manufacturers of n-Pentane, such as Oberoi Refining, SIO365, and LuLu Hypermarket. However, one of the most prominent and reliable suppliers is Junyuan Petroleum Group, a global leader in the production and distribution of Pentanes, Hexanes, and Heptanes.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a Chinese company that was founded in 2006 and has seven subsidiaries that cover a complete petroleum finishing industry chain. The company has a state-of-the-art, purpose-built manufacturing facility in Shandong, where it produces a wide range of specialty solvents in bulk. Junyuan Petroleum Group also has a subsidiary plant in Xinjiang, where it produces Sodium Methoxide, another important chemical product. The company has a specialist export division that delivers high-quality chemicals to customers in Africa, the Americas, Middle East and Asia, including UAE and Dubai.

Junyuan Petroleum Group offers n-Pentane products with different purity levels, ranging from 95% to 99%. The company also provides n-Pentane blends with Isopentane for different applications, such as geothermal power stations and hair care products. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s n-Pentane products have unrivaled consistency and uniformity, and meet the highest standards of quality and safety. The company also provides convenient and efficient logistics and dedicated after-sales service to its customers.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a trusted source for chemical solvents and a leading supplier of n-Pentane in UAE and Dubai. For more information, please visit their website or contact them directly.

n-Pentane product introduction

n–Pentane belongs to the fourth generation of hydrocarbon foaming agent, and is currently the best substitute product for chlorofluorocarbon foaming agent (141b). With the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high performance, it is widely used in cold storage insulation panels, Animal husbandry and fungus breeding plates, refrigerated vehicle insulation materials, pipeline insulation materials and other fields.

n-Pentane (n-Pentane) chemical formula C₅H₁₂, the fifth member of alkanes. There are 2 isomers of n-pentane: isopentane (boiling point 28°C) and neopentane (boiling point 10°C), the term “pentane” usually refers to n-pentane, its linear isomer.

Uses of n-Pentane: 1. Used as a low boiling point solvent, foaming agent in plastic industry, also used with 2-methylbutane as automobile and aircraft fuel, artificial ice, anesthetic, and synthesis of amyl alcohol and isopentane.

n-Pentane Loading Site
n-Pentane Loading Site

Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Looking back on China’s n-Pentane market in the past half year (20-March-2022 to 20-Sept-2022), the price of n-Pentane began to fall sharply from 9,900 yuan/ton at the end of March 2022, and continued to fall to 8,900 yuan/ton at the end of April 2022. The price remained relatively stable in the first ten days of May. The price of n-Pentane continued to fall from the end of May to 8,300 yuan/ton at the beginning of June 2022, and continued to rise for about a week, and then continued to rise until the first ten days of July, The price of n-Pentane has been maintained at about 8,400 yuan/ton, and the price fell at about 8,200 yuan since the middle of July, but it has been maintained at about 8,300 yuan/ton until the beginning of September. According to the change of price trend, the price of n-Pentane should not continue to decline in the short term. It is recommended that buyers arrange orders as early as possible according to manufacturing needs.
Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Price trend chart of n-Pentane in recent six month (20-September-2022)

Pentane Market Overview

Pentane is a hydrocarbon organic compound that has a gasoline-like odor and is usually burnt as a fuel. Pentane finds numerous industrial applications; for instance, it is used as an ingredient in the production of petroleum. Its primary application is in creating blowing agents, which are in turn used in manufacturing polyesters (foams). Pentane has three isomeric forms, i.e. Isopentane, n-Pentane and Neopentane, which are generally used in blowing agents, electronic cleansing or as chemical solvents.

The growth of the global pentane market can be attributed to the rapid adoption of automobiles across the globe, which in turn is estimated to step-up the adoption of gasoline. Pentane acts as a blending agent in gasoline, which is augmenting the growth of the gasoline market. Further, for polystyrene and polyurethane, pentane behaves as a blowing agent. Increasing disposable income and the inclination towards higher living standards have changed the lifestyle and buying power of the public, resulting in a jump in the sales of electronic appliances, which require polystyrene and polyurethane foam insulation for cooling purpose.

This in turn is increasing the consumption of pentane in the global market. In addition, pentane and its byproducts are used as refrigerants in electronic appliances (fridge and air conditioners), which is another factor contributing towards the growth of the global pentane market.  Therefore, the growth of the electronics industry has a significant impact on the consumption of pentane and is expected to create sizable growth opportunities in the global pentane market over the forecast period.

Among all regions, North America is anticipated to hold a significant share in the pentane market, owing to the widespread presence of the electronics industry and huge demand for blowing agents in polyester applications.  In Asia Pacific, counties such as Japan, South Korea, China, India, and Japan, the demand for pentane is expected to be surplus as a result of the significant presence of electronic manufacturing facilities. Further, the demand for pentane in Europe is likely to subside due to the stringent regulatory scenario; hence, the consumption of pentane could be replaced by propylene glycol methyl ether or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.

Pentane Market: Market Participants

The global pentane market is anticipated to be highly fragmented, owing to the presence of numerous local manufacturers. Examples of some of the market participants in the global pentane market identified across the value chain include:

  • LG Chem
  • Junyuan Petroleum Group
  • Exxon Mobil Corporation
  • Phillips 66 Company

Regional market of n-Pentane includes

  • North America (U.S., Canada)
  • Latin America (Mexico, Brazil)
  • Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K., Spain)
  • Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
  • Japan
  • Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries, S. Africa, Northern Africa)

Pentane Market: Market Segmentation

On the basis of product type, the global pentane market has been segmented into:

  • n-Pentane
  • Isopentane
  • Cyclopentane

On the basis of application, the global pentane market has been segmented into:

  • Blowing agent
  • Electronic cleansing
  • Chemical solvent
  • Foaming agent
  • Sandwich panel industry
  • Polystyrene industry
  • Refrigrators industry

Development Trend of Refrigerants

Development Trend of R601 Refrigerants

Product Description: n-Pentane; Pentane; Normal Pentane

GAS No.: 109-66-0

Packaging Specification: ISO-TANK

R601 Refrigerant Introduction

R601 refrigerant, pentane and n-pentane in Chinese, is a colorless liquid with faint mint fragrance. n-Pentane R601 is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents, with a melting point of – 129.7 ℃ and a boiling point of 36.1 ℃.

R601 Refrigerant Application

R601 is mainly used for molecular sieve desorption, replacing Freon as foaming agent, as solvent, manufacturing artificial ice, agent, and synthesizing amyl alcohol.



Storage and Transportation

R601 refrigerant cylinder is a pressurized container, which should be stored away from fire, heat source and direct sunlight. It is usually stored in a cool, dry and ventilated warehouse; The steel cylinder, valve and other accessories shall be handled with care to prevent damage.

It is a general trend to use green and environment-friendly refrigerants. Green and environment-friendly refrigerants can be synthetic or natural. Although synthetic environment-friendly refrigerants will not damage ozone, natural refrigerants are the most ideal choice for the sustainable development of the earth’s ecology.

The history of refrigeration technology is actually the history of refrigerant development process. In the early days, people used the evaporation effect of storing natural ice and water and some other methods to refrigeration. In the 1930s, Perkins invented the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and mankind ushered in the development period of refrigeration technology. The invention, renewal and replacement of refrigerants throughout the entire process. At present, according to the development requirements of the new era, refrigerants will face new challenges. At present, the development of refrigerant is divided into four stages, and the characteristics of each stage are shown in the left figure.

In general, the development trend of refrigerant should meet the requirements of sustainable development of ecological environment and promote its further development. According to the core requirements of coordination between economic development, resource protection and ecological environment protection in sustainable development, there are two development directions of refrigerant:

The first is environmental protection. It is a general trend to use green refrigerants. Green refrigerants can be synthetic or natural. Although synthetic environmental refrigerants will not damage ozone, natural refrigerants are the most ideal choice for the sustainable development of the earth’s ecology.

The second is energy conservation. With the improvement of people’s living standards, refrigeration, air conditioning and other equipment are becoming more and more popular, and at the same time, a large amount of energy consumed by them is also attracting more and more attention. This summer, 18 provinces and cities in China experienced a shortage of electricity. A survey by the China Electricity Regulatory Commission showed that the intensification of the contradiction between supply and demand caused a shortage of electricity this summer, of which the rapid growth of air-conditioning refrigeration load is a factor that cannot be ignored. Therefore, in addition to improving refrigeration technology, we can also start from refrigerants. It is also a development direction to reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment by developing new energy-saving refrigerants.

To sum up, the development of refrigerants is closely related to environmental protection and the sustainable development of the earth’s ecological environment. The development trend of refrigerants reflects the requirements of sustainable development of the environment.

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