Tag Isopentane

Today is the second day of the new year, and the prices of #pentane, #hexane and #heptane series products have not changed.
Industry News
According to market news, the Ministry of Commerce recently approved and issued the allowable import volume of the first batch of crude oil for non-state trade in 2022, with a total amount of 109.03 million tons, a decrease of 11% compared with the same period in 2021. The quota of some independent refineries in Shandong and Northeast China was reduced.
After the impact of the epidemic on the national economy in 2020, Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, continued to pick up its foreign trade in 2021. According to the statistics released by the Saudi National Bureau of statistics on the evening of the 26th local time, Saudi Arabia’s foreign exports in October 2021 increased by 90% over the same period last year. Affected by the rising oil price, crude oil exports reached 82.4 billion Saudi Riyals (about 140.08 billion yuan), an increase of 123.1% over October 2020; The export volume of non oil commodities increased by 25.5% over the same period last year, and the total export volume also increased by 12.2% over September 2021.
Earlier this month, the Saudi Ministry of Finance announced the national budget for 2021-2022, which is expected to have a fiscal surplus for the first time in nine years. The world economic outlook report released by the International Monetary Fund in October also predicts that Saudi Arabia’s economic growth will reach 2.8% in 2021 and further increase to 4.8% in 2022.

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According to the latest global polyethylene pipe research report released by Freedonia group, China’s total demand for polyethylene pipe in 2019 was 4.2 million tons, accounting for 33% of global demand and 59% of regional sales, which is the largest market in the world so far.

The research report points out that China’s agriculture, construction, manufacturing, oil and gas and public utilities have a large volume, and plastic pipelines are needed in these fields. In addition, China’s diversified processing and manufacturing industries, including chemical industry, food processing, primary metals, pulp, paper and textiles, also need plastic pipes.

The scale of China’s construction industry is almost four times that of the United States, and the sales volume of polyethylene pipes is about three times that of the United States. China’s infrastructure investment continues to make great progress, and the proportion of product sales in the population is almost twice the global average.

The report predicts that by 2024, the global demand for polyethylene pipes will increase at an annual rate of 3.7% to 15.3 million metric tons, which is due to the increasing use of polyethylene pipes in all markets. Among them, HDPE pipes will also maintain healthy growth because they are more popular than other materials in water treatment and sewer applications.

Demand will be driven by polyethylene’s versatility, easy processability, low cost, and recyclability; by new ethylene feedstocks; and by improved polymerization catalyst technologies.

World demand to rise 4.0% annually through 2018

Global demand for polyethylene resins will rise 4.0 percent per year to 99.6 million metric tons in 2018, valued at $164 billion. Gains will match overall world economic growth, fueled by an acceleration in consumer spending and manufacturing activity. Polyethylene will continue to be the most widely used plastic resin in the world, benefiting from its versatility, easy processability, low cost, and recyclability. The development of ethylene feedstocks from new sources such as shale gas, coal, and biobased materials will also give polyethylene a price advantage over other plastic resins. Moreover, continually improving polymerization catalyst technologies will enhance the performance, customization, and yield of polyethylene resins. Further increases will be limited, however, by the highly commoditized and mature position of polyethylene. Additionally, major polyethylene applications such as plastic bags have increasingly become subject to environmental regulations and bans.

Asia/Pacific region to remain largest, fastest growing market

The Asia/Pacific region will continue to be the largest and fastest growing polyethylene market through 2018, fueled by strong growth in China, which alone accounted for nearly one-quarter of global demand in 2013. India and Vietnam will also be among the world’s most rapidly expanding markets. However, advances in most emerging Asian countries will rise at a slower pace than during the 2008-2013 period. On the other hand, North America will see a significant improvement in polyethylene demand, while the markets in Western Europe and Japan will rebound from recent declines.

LLDPE to gain market share over LDPE

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HDPE is the most widely used of the three polyethylene resins, accounting for just under half of total demand in 2013. Above average growth is expected for HDPE through 2018, driven by its rising use in construction products such as pipe and the increasing popularity of blow-molded HDPE containers in emerging market countries. LLDPE will continue to gain market share over LDPE going forward, as LLDPE is the primary beneficiary of metallocene catalyst technology, which improves resin performance. Packaging will remain the largest outlet for polyethylene, accounting for a majority of demand in 2018. The resin’s favorable sealing, stiffness, moisture barrier, and clarity properties make it an indispensible material in the packaging industry. Film accounts for about half of global polyethylene demand and tends to comprise a particularly large portion of the market in developing countries.

Junyuan Petroleum Group, one of the largest pentane production bases in China.

Polyethylene is the most popular plastic substance in the world. 
Nowadays, plants use ethylene to create these products. 
During its gas phase, liquid Isopentane will be added to the gas stream. 

Pentane: What Is It and How Do We Use It?

Pentane is an organic substance. It can be used to describe any 3 structural isomers or their combination. But, according to IUPAC, this phrase is exclusive to the n-pentane isomer. We also differentiate neopentane or dimethylpropane as well as isopentane or methylbutane.

​Pentanes are commonly used for fuels, but they can also be utilized as solvents in labs. The substance carries similar traits as hexanes and butanes.

Pentanes are generally used for insulation products. However, you can utilize them in so many different ways. Whether you’re relying on n-pentane, cyclopentane, or iso-pentane, each one of the chemical compounds can serve as the main ingredient for various products. In this article, we will discuss pentane, in general, as well as its potential application.

How do we get pentanes?

Pentanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Each one of them has five carbon atoms. We get n-pentane and iso-pentane naturally from crude oil.

They are made during gas production as natural byproducts. On the other hand, cyclopentane is found in naphtha or crude petrol. It is a molecule in the shape of a ring, and it is very popular across several industries. Oil refineries create cyclopentane through the cracking process.

Naphtha has variable quantities of pentanes. It all depends on its origin, the acquiring process, and the construction of the refinery.

They are the first hydrocarbons to become liquids at room temperature. Out of these substances, iso-pentane has the lowest boiling point.

The substance will boil at 29 degrees Celsius compared to n-pentane, which boils at 35 degrees, and cyclopentane that has a boiling point of 49 degrees Celsius. Due to these differences between pentanes’ boiling points, you are able to separate the substances.

What are the main differences between pentane types?

As you can presume, there are some major differences between these substances aside from their boiling points. Companies use them in numerous ways, and they have some major advantages over other crude oil derivatives. What’s even better is that you can mix these chemicals. This is how we get pentane blends, each with its unique set of traits.
How do you use n-pentane?

Generally speaking, n-pentane and iso-pentane are somewhat similar substances. They react in a similar fashion when you use them for different products. Usually, n-pentane is utilized as a refrigeration or air conditioning substance, effectively replacing things such as fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia. Here are some of its potential uses:

Refrigerant R601
Very non-polar solvent
Process medium for polyethylene

How do you use iso-pentane?
​A great thing about iso-pentane is that it almost cannot be dissolved in water. Furthermore, it has very soluble when used with other organic solvents like ethers, esters, paraffins, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, etc. Also, the substance has unlimited miscibility. This gives iso-pentane high versatility. Companies try to utilize their characteristics as much as possible for various products.

Non-polar solvent with high volatility
Personal care products like shower gels
It can be used as a process medium for polypropylene and polyethylene
Working medium in geothermal plants
How do you use cyclopentane?
While the previous two substances may have certain similarities, cyclopentane is completely different from both of them. It is not that popular as a solvent, nor is it used as an ingredient for other chemicals. But, it is a very common substance for insulation products.

It can be used for solvents and insulation board
Cyclopentane is great for refrigeration and refrigeration logistics
Blowing agent for polyurethane foams
Fine chemicals
Different ways pentane is used across various industries
Pentanes are very flexible products. Each one of these subtypes has a wide range of applications. Here is how different industries rely on them for their day-to-day business:

Geothermal plants
Pentanes are very important for renewable energy creation. Geothermal plants use iso-pentane as a medium during their crucial heating processes. Plants extract heat from the ground and use it for heating energy; iso-pentane is there to facilitate the process.

Cooling substance
Companies are also using pentanes as cooling agents. Whether we’re talking about iso-pentane or n-pentane, both of these chemical compounds can be utilized as cooling substances for air conditioning appliances and refrigeration systems. They are a much better alternative to fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia.

Cosmetics and care products
Pentanes are also very famous for their cosmetic industry application. They are a crucial ingredient for products like shower gels and shaving creams. Furthermore, these substances are the main reasons why personal care items have their specific, creamy texture.

Companies use pentanes for the production of polypropylene and polyethylene
Among others, companies use these substances to create polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene is the most popular plastic substance in the world. Nowadays, plants use ethylene to create these products. During its gas phase, liquid iso-pentane will be added to the gas stream. The substance works as a specific cooler. Once it is condensed, you can reuse it. We make polypropylene in a similar way as polyethylene, and once again, iso-pentane is added during the gas phase to facilitate the process.

Insulation materials
Pentanes are commonly used for the creation of polystyrene and polyurethane insulation boards. Companies use them as blowing agents during polyisocyanurate and polyurethane formulation. Insulation materials are very important for the food industry and household appliances. You can use them for freezers, refrigerators, and cold storage. They are also crucial for constructions and various others industries. For example, you can use them for building, pipes, and other materials.

Cyclopentane is great for long-lasting insulation. It is especially good for smaller surfaces and spaces due to its ability to stay within polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam for a long time, even after foaming. The pentane can be used for cooling devices and thin insulation panels.
​
Packaging material
Among others, pentanes are important for the creation of packaging material. Once again, pentane is utilized as a blowing agent. We use it to create extruded polystyrene, which is later on utilized for packaging chips.

Pentanes have numerous applications. As long as you use them with care, you should be able to create some incredible materials that can be utilized in various industries.

2021/02/08. USD TO CNY TODAY.
Actual USD to CNY exchange rate equal to 6.4514 Chinese Yuans per 1 Dollar. Today’s range: 6.4440-6.4530. Previous day close: 6.4480. Change for today +0.0034, +0.05%.
China Chemical Industry Information reported on February 9: major oil producing countries continue to reduce production, tight supply is expected to continue to strengthen, and the U.S. economic stimulus plan is expected to further boost demand, international oil prices rise for six consecutive years, and Brent returns to the $60 level after more than a year. Gasoline, refinery sales were poor yesterday, the market is expected to rise slightly today. In terms of mixed C5, downstream replenishment has basically ended, and some refineries have limited storage capacity, strong demand for discharge, and poor pull of crude oil. It is expected that today’s China market will be mainly stable, with sporadic rise and fall.
The price of pentane blends (n-Pentane and Isopentane) rose slightly, the price increased by 0.98% on a day-on-day basis compared with the previous day. At present, n-Pentane and Cyclopentane products are in short supply in China market, and there is a short-term shortage situation. In particular, Cyclopentane products, and even some freight forwarding companies have joined the purchasing army to help buyers in the international market find suppliers in the Chinese market. Cyclopentane, as an important basic organic chemical product in the industrial chain, plays an important role in dye, medicine, pesticide and other organic intermediates, and is the source product in the whole industrial chain. Its market trend directly affects the market changes of downstream products, pesticide, medicine and other products or industries. Recently, driven by many favorable factors, the recent shock consolidation pattern has ended, forming a medium and long-term upward trend. Strong raw materials to promote the overall market up. Affected by the high foreign market and the limited domestic resources, China is basically in a stage of solid foundation and staged rise. Domestic production continued to shrink, resulting in market shortage. It is understood that the domestic comprehensive operating rate is less than 45% due to the shutdown maintenance or production reduction of major domestic cyclopentane production enterprises. According to statistics, in addition to the use of self supporting facilities by some enterprises, the domestic market commodity volume fell to a low level again in the current month, accounting for only 30% of the total output. As a result, the normal balance of supply and demand has been broken, and the phenomenon of market shortage once appeared, which has provided a driving force for the future.

Container Loading Supervision by Qingdao Customs

Container Loading Supervision is to verify that the goods are properly handled and secured in the container during loading and unloading operations.

Our daily container loading process is monitored by General Administration of China Customs Qingdao Branch, guaranteeing the container is loaded in its entirety and in a safe and secure manner.

Main checkpoints for Loading Supervision:

Check the container condition

Evaluate the outer/inner packing of the products

Closely monitor the loading process

Verify the quantity in break down

Ensure proper handling of the goods and proper stack in the container

Junyuan offers high performance pentanes, hexanes, heptanes, octanes, and D solvent products for a variety of diverse markets. Each market has unique challenges that require unique product, which is why we have a specialized team of experts for every marekt we serve.

n-Pentane, 99%, n-Pentane, 95%
CAS NO 109-66-0
Applications: Blowing Agents, Plastics Industry, Geothermal Energy, Personal Care Products, Gasoline

For sales inquiries and questions please email us at: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com or WhatsApp us at: +86 178 1030 0898

Isopentane #i-Pentane #Pentanes #Pentane #Iso-Pentane #geothermal #powerplant #expansion #geothermalenergy #energystorage #renewableenergy #laboratorysolvents #solvents #Pentane Blends # Blowing Agents #Plastics Industry #Geothermal Energy #Personal Care Products #Gasoline

Isopentane is an organic compound with a variety of uses, ranging from being an ingredient in cosmetics to being a component in a type of geothermal power plant. This solvent is extremely flammable. Its tendency to evaporate makes it useful for dissolving compounds, since it is easily evaporated away. This chemical smells like gasoline and does not dissolve in water, but floats on top of it. It is considered harmful to the environment.

Also known as methylbutane, this compound has a formula of C5H12. It is known as a hydrocarbon, since it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The structure of this compound is CH3CHCH2CH3, with a methyl — CH3 — group attached to the second carbon. Pentane has the same formula, but has a structure of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 with no branching. These two compounds are known as structural isomers.

This branching lowers the boiling point of isopentane, compared to pentane. Its boiling point is only 103°F (27.9°C). The flash point of this compound is relatively high, at -68°F (-55°C). This combination of characteristics is responsible for the extreme flammability of the chemical. If there is a fire, one should not spray water on it. That can result in the compound floating to the top of the water, and possibly catching fire again.

Mixed with other compounds, however, isopentane can be quite stable. It is often used in a range of cosmetics, including shaving gel, body wash, and specific types of toothpaste. The manufacture of insulation is another use for this compound.

In laboratories, isopentane is used to make a bath in liquid nitrogen. It is quite common to prepare tissues for storage at -94°F (-70°C) by immersing them in liquid nitrogen. This process of flash freezing preserves such biological samples.

A container of isopentane can be put into a larger container of liquid nitrogen. When the solvent becomes cloudy, it is near freezing. It is then removed from the liquid nitrogen and used to freeze the specimen. It is important to let the solvent evaporate before the sample is stored in a freezer.

Another use of isopentane is in a type of geothermal plant known as a binary cycle power plant. Geothermal plants tap into heat energy deep in the earth and convert it to electricity. This kind of geothermal plant can use cooler reservoirs than other types. This is because the hot water from the geothermal energy heats liquid isopentane and turns it into a gas. This gas then drives a turbine and generator to generate the power plant’s electricity.

The density of isopentane is 0.616 g/ml. Its molecular weight is 72.15 g/mol. It is important to remember that this compound is classified as a lung, skin, and eye irritant.

The Denizli Tosunlar ORC geothermal power plant in Turkey received the Top Plant award in the Renewable energy project domain. Italian company Exergy S.p.A. built it for its client Akça Enerji in 2015.

The Power Magazine awarded the Denizli Tosunlar ORC geothermal plant as a part of its “Power Awards” competition, and announced its decision in the December issue of the magazine. A jury comprised of the U.S.-based magazine’s editors selected this 4 MW facility as the best in the Renewable projects category. Other categories include Natural gas-fired, Coal-fired, and Nuclear projects. The winner in each of the category was chosen for demonstrating an innovative design and engineering upgrades, for producing power more reliably or economically than comparable plants or demonstrating a new generation or environmental controls technology.

The Turkish branch of Exergy built this organic Rankine cycle (ORC) geothermal plant for its client Akça Enerji. It is the world’s first geothermal power plant with two-pressure-level cycle on a single-disk turbine. The Denizli Tosunlar has been operational since June 2015. It has already received an award in February 2016 – the key European Geothermal Innovation Award from the European Geothermal Energy Council for innovation demonstrated in this geothermal plant.

“We are very proud to have received a second award this year for our Denizli Tosunlar power plant. This repeated recognition gives evidence of the technological breakthrough this plant represents and rewards the commitment and the effort that Exergy put into R&D activities to keep us at the forefront of innovation by achieving new, smarter and more efficient applications of our technology. We are constantly working on further advances in technology for the ORC market in order continue to evolve and sustain clean power generation,” said Claudio Spadacini, chief executive officer of Exergy, which appear to have achieved considerable success in Turkey in the last several years.

Organic Rankine cycle usually uses low boiling point organic working fluids, such as atmospheric ethane, n-Pentane and Isopentane, etc. the medium and low-temperature geothermal fluid is used to exchange heat with low boiling point organic working fluid to make the latter evaporate and generate steam with high pressure to drive steam turbine to do power generation.

Organic – pentane, propane, ammonia and coolants

• Primarily, pentane is used to create a blowing agent which is then used to create a foam known as polystyrene. Polystyrene is used to make insulation materials for refrigerators and heating pipes. As well, pentane is used in geothermal power stations as a binary fluid, due to its low boiling point (36 o C).
• Boiling Point: 36oC
• Formula: C₅H₁₂
• Melting Point: -130oC
• Molar mass: 72.15 grams/mole

Geothermal power generation must operate with whatever temperature is found in a particular well. Water and steam work well at high temperatures. At lower temperatures, a “binary system” may sometimes provide better efficiency.

In a binary system, the hot fluid from the geothermal source is used to heat a second, lower boiling point fluid (in this case, pentane) to convert it to gas and drive a turbine. The nature of pentane allows the whole cycle (fluid to gas, drive the power generation turbine, and condense to fluid) to take place efficiently at a lower temperature.

At this location, a binary system is being used to squeeze additional power from the hot condensate leaving a primary water/steam turbine. Using an additional set of heat exchangers this energy is captured to heat low boiling point pentane and to drive an additional turbine. The pentane system harnesses more of the energy brought out of the ground.

Like getting something for nothing.

Terminal demand for pentane is slowing, and there is a risk of overcapacity in the industry.

Pentane is a fine chemical product. There are three isomers. They are pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane. They are mainly used in polyurethane foam, EPS foaming agent and new type hydrocarbon refrigerant in air conditioning and refrigerator. The upstream of pentane industry chain is the by-product from cracking of natural gas condensate, oil field light hydrocarbon and light naphtha ethylene plant, and the main product of C5 is cyclopentadiene. The downstream is the application market, mainly focusing on polyurethane foaming agent, EPS foaming agent, linear low density polyethylene solvent and other fields.
Due to the different structures and properties of n-pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane, their application fields are quite different. N-pentane can be isomerized to produce isopentane, and can also be used as foaming agent. It can also be used in low temperature thermometer, artificial ice, anesthetic, and pentanol synthesis. Isopentane is an important admixture to improve octane number of gasoline, and is also an important raw material for isoprene production. It can also be dehydrogenated, chlorinated, and hydrolyzed to produce isopentene, isoprene, and isopentanol, which are organically synthesized Cyclopentane is mainly used in organic synthesis and intermediate of fine chemicals, and its market demand is low at present.

According to the comprehensive market research and investment analysis report of pentane industry in China 2020-2024 issued by China Industrial Research Center It shows that the pentane terminal market is home appliances, building materials, packaging and other industries. In recent years, the above three industries present different development trends. Among them, due to the rapid development of package delivery industry, the demand of packaging industry is strong; however, the development of home appliances and construction industry is relatively slow, and the demand for pentane is declining. In general, in recent years, the pentane demand presents a fluctuating growth state, and the growth rate is slow. In 2019, the pentane industry demand in China is 273000 tons, and the market scale reaches 1.83 billion yuan, of which isopentane is the largest, accounting for 45%; followed by n-pentane, accounting for 39%; cyclopentane and other products, accounting for 16%.
The raw materials for pentane production are mainly in the hands of petrochemical refineries. The representative enterprises are PetroChina, Sinopec, etc. with their own raw material advantages, they have a high market share. Pentane production enterprises need to purchase raw materials from large petrochemical refineries for processing, so considering transportation conditions and costs, most pentane production enterprises are located near large petrochemical refineries, mainly in Shandong Province, and East China currently accounts for more than 50% of the production capacity. At present, the leading enterprise of pentane production in China is Junyuan Petroleum Group.

Isopentane (isopentane, 2-methylbutane) also known as 2-methylbutane, chemical formula C5H12, colorless transparent volatile liquid, has a pleasant aroma. It is mainly used in organic synthesis and solvent.

Dangerous goods mark F +, xn, n
Hazard code 12-51 / 53-65-66-67
Safety instructions 9-16-29-33-61-62
Dangerous goods transport number UN 1265 3 / PG 1
WGK Germany 2
RTECS ek4430000
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup I
Toxic substances data 78-78-4

Product Uses
It can be used as solvent for catalyst in polyethylene production, foaming agent for expandable polystyrene, foaming agent for polyurethane foam system, deasphalting solvent and so on.
When used as solvent, it has the same effect as pentane, hexane and heptane, but its solubility is slightly lower than that of pentane. The product has high octane number and can be used as fuel for automobiles and airplanes.