[27-MAR-22] The overall price of pentane, hexane and heptane is stable, and the product price remains unchanged today Today, stocks of Pentane and Heptane increased by 30%.

 

North America

 

In North America, the price trend of n-heptane marked stability during October and November. Pricing dynamics of upstream crude oil during these months was showcasing uptrend in October and marginally eased in November. While showcased significant ease in December, providing ease to downstream heptane in the domestic market. Meanwhile, downstream paints and coatings sector remained comparatively dull than other segment throughout the quarter, which also remained a major factor behind overall lower offtakes for the product across regional market. Thus, overall market of n-heptane was observed low in the ending December of quarter 4 of 2021.

 

Asia

 

In Asia, during the fourth quarter of 2021, n-heptane prices rose consistently, which was assessed around USD 2025/MT in India during October. Rising crude oil value remained a prime factor that pushed up the prices of n-heptane during Quarter 4 across regional market. However, the market of crude oil in China was observed fluctuating in the meantime and increased by the end of December, which resulted into overall stability in the price of n-heptane. Furthermore, demand for the product from the downstream solvent market remained firm, while traders noted ample offtakes from niche buyers.

 

Europe

 

The overall outlook showed that the price of n-heptane witnessed firmness during the Q4 2021 across European market. However, due to high natural gas prices amidst rising upstream crude oil values, input cost rose exponentially for several commodities including n-heptane. As the consumption increased in October and November so the prices increased for the product, while improved upstream crude oil availability in Europe market provided some ease to prices in December and the market of paints and coatings was stable throughout the quarter.

 

 

For the Quarter Ending September 2021

North America

 

In the North America region, n-Heptane prices traced an upward trajectory during the third quarter of 2021 supported by the sturdy demand from the downstream rubber and pharmaceutical industry. The arrival of hurricane Ida in the Gulf Coast of US hindered crude oil production, which resulted in the feeble supply of derivatives. The situation consequently pushed up the values of n-Heptane in the region. During the last month of the quarter, crude production improved, and the demand supply gap paved normalcy which finally dragged the prices of n-Heptane in both domestic and international market. 

 

Asia Pacific 

 

In Asia, n-Heptane market registered mixed sentiments during the third quarter of 2021 depending upon the demand pattern as well as the supplies of the product in the region. In India, under frequently changing market scenario, significant fluctuations in the n-Heptane values were observed. Demand for n-Heptane remained strong in the Indian market, while disturbed trade activities due to logistical issues and constrained availability of shipping containers kept on influencing the overall price trend of the product. In addition, volatility in upstream crude also supported the pricing trend of n-Heptane during this quarter. Prices of n-Heptane rose from USD 1738.47/MT to USD 1811.92/MT during July to August in India. However, a slight dip in the prices of n-Heptane was seen in September.    

 

Europe

 

In Europe, n-Heptane prices observed an upward trend during the third quarter of 2021 followed by the lower production rates due to the energy crisis as well as the delayed imports. However, the demand from the downstream sectors including Pharmaceuticals and Rubber continued to be buoyant throughout the quarter. Further exorbitant freight charges and limited availability of shipping containers further sent ripples to the n-Heptane prices in the region. 

 

For the Quarter Ending June 2021

 

North America

 

The resumption in industrial activities in the US Gulf Coast improved the supply outlook during the second quarter of 2021. However, some hinderance was observed as the colonial pipeline was shut for a week due to the cyber-attack in the second quarter. Amidst the recovered supply chains and continuous industrial activities, the demand supply gap narrowed which provided a further ease in prices in the regional domestic markets. Demand remained firm as orders were piled up, along with the continuous demand from the rubber and pharmaceutical industries.

 

Asia Pacific

 

During the second quarter of 2021, market activities remained subdued in the Asia Pacific region due to unprecedented rise in Covid cases. The second Covid wave in India restricted the public movement thus lowering the offtakes from bulk buyers. As a repercussion of reduced market activities in India and the surged inventories level, prices of n-Heptane stabilized in the Indian market with discussions drifting to USD 1824 per tonne in June. In China, import of the brent crude oil surged, which proportionally improved the availability of n-Heptane in the Chinese domestic market. In China, offtakes remained consistent from the rubber industries and pharmaceutical sector.

 

Europe

 

The n-Heptane market in the European region showcased mixed sentiments during the second quarter. In the first half, supply remained constraint owing to the low production levels at several manufacturing facilities. Whereas condition improved in the second half, as the supply chain restored with better distribution practices of crude oil. Demand remained persistent from downstream rubber and pharmaceutical sector. As a ripple effect, prices in the European region remained stable to firm in the second quarter of 2021.

 

For the Quarter Ending March 2021

 

North America

 

The North American region experienced the severe downfall in the crude oil inventories as the extreme freeze weather conditions in Texas and nearby of US Gulf coast area resulted in curtailed petrochemical production as several Naphtha crackers opted for force majeures in the region. Exxon Mobil shut its 369,024 bpd Beaumont refinery and 560,500 bpd Baytown refinery and several chemical plants in Texas along with its Louisiana, plants also facing operational issues. Reduced upstream run rates coupled with market tightness prompted ExxonMobil to increase the prices of n-Heptane by USD110/MT in March.

 

Asia-Pacific (APAC)

 

n-Heptane supplies were tight in the APAC region during Q1 2021, amidst major converters responding to the Saudi Aramco’s output cut in Crude Oil extraction by 1 Million barrels/day which proportionally surged the prices of crude barrels across in the Asian markets. Demand in the region surged as the buyers started to stockpile their inventories ahead of Chinese lunar new year holidays and uncertainty over import supplies. Due to sharp rise in upstream rates and shortage in market supplies, price of n-Heptane in the Indian market surged USD 1775/MT for April deliveries.  

 

Europe

 

The supplies of n-Heptane in the region were constrained, owing to reduced imports from overseas throughout the quarter due to surging freights, higher shipment cost and Suez Canal blockage. Naphtha crackers in the region were heard operating at reduced capacity due to severe freeze weather conditions in the northwest Europe. Demand however surged due to consistent offtakes from the downstream solvent sector throughout the quarter.             

For the Quarter Ending December 2020

 

Asia

 

Buoyed by increasing demand and maintenance turnarounds reported by some Chinese producers, n-Heptane offers were raised by a significant percentage in Q4. The price of n-Heptane was susceptible to huge fluctuations in the quarter due to volatile upstream dynamics. Resilient demand during the fourth quarter from the pharmaceutical industries raised the market sentiments. Price surge was driven by increasing cost pressure on the raw material front because of restricted and delayed overseas shipments. An uptrend was observed on the global level due to rising efforts for sustained economic and financial revival.

 

Europe

 

Alleviating demand for n-Heptane from the pharmaceutical intermediates and industrial solvents endorsed the product’s market outlook in Europe. Firming crude oil, however created a hazy picture in the European Union which was heard planning to increasing its crude oil imports to support the economy. In early November, the accessibility of Europe for n-Heptane improved as feedstock constraints in the upstream market had mostly been leveraged because of sustainable recovery policies along with supply chain. Several European countries were heard emerging from the crisis at varying rates as plant utilization rates gradually enhanced due to significant pick-up in demand.

 

North America

Supply of n-Heptane eased after mid-October as producers increased production rates after plant outages caused by seasonal hurricanes. With most manufacturers eyeing on recovery in demand post the roll out of vaccine towards the year-end, operating rates were pushed higher by December. Recovery in upstream crude oil prices, however capped the producer’s margins. The growing demand for high purity material from the pharma industry, combined with an uptrend in paints and coatings manufacturing boosted the market sentiments.

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About

n-Heptane is a straight chain alkane having a chemical formula of C₇H₁₆. It is principally derived from crude oil and is highly volatile in nature. n-Heptane is a clear, colourless liquid with an odour similar to petroleum. It cannot be dissolved in water because it reacts violently with water. It is miscible with ethyl alcohol, acetone, benzene, chloroform, and petroleum ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride; very soluble in ethanol. n-Heptane can be manufactured from petroleum fractional distillation accompanied by rectification. It is also obtained as a by-product from naphtha cracking. It is used in various industries such as adhesives, paints & coatings, ink printing, pharmaceuticals etc. Due to its hydrocarbon chemical composition, which liberate large quantities of heat energy during hydrocarbon combustion, heptane is a perfect fuel source for pressurised, outdoor liquid fuel. Apart from its use in engine fuels, n- Heptane is mainly used as an extraction solvent in the processing of vegetable oils. In addition, higher utilization of n-Heptane for different applications has fueled the growth of the plastic & polymer industry, which in turn is rising the worldwide consumer demand for n-Heptane.

Product Specific Details

  

CAS No:	142-82-5
HS Code:	29011000
Grade:	Industrial, Extraction, Polymer
Contract Size:	100-150 MT
Packaging Type:	Drum

 

Get real-time pricing intelligence for different chemical products traded worldwide under mentioned Incoterms:

 

Incoterms: CFR, FOB, Ex-Work, Bulk Contracted, Spot

• United States of America (USA) 

• China 

• Germany 

• India

• United Kingdom (UK)

• Russia

• Japan 

• South Korea

• Saudi Arabia

• United Arab Emirates (UAE)

• Taiwan

• Singapore

• Turkey

• Brazil

• South Africa

n-pentane catalytic cracking was studied over a series of MFI zeolites with varying SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios (30, 80, 280, 500, and 1500) using a fixed-bed reactor operated at temperature 550 to 650 °C. Other MFI zeolites (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 280) with various crystal morphology and size (such as large crystal and nano size) were also synthesized and tested for n-pentane cracking. The effects of MFI zeolite modification with ammonia and phosphorus on its physiochemical properties and catalytic activity were investigated. Among the parent MFI zeolites, MFI (280) demonstrated high selectivity (51%) towards light olefins (C₃⁼/C₂⁼ = 0.7) at 650 °C with undesired C₁-C₄ alkanes (38%). Surface modified MFI (280) zeolites of different crystal size and morphology showed improvement towards propylene selectivity by suppressing undesired reactions.

Phosphorous-modified MFI zeolite with a large crystal size was found to improve light olefin selectivity (52.2%) with C₃⁼/C₂⁼ = ∼1.3 and reduce undesired C₁-C₄ alkanes (8%) formation due to suppressed strong acidic sites. The characterization and evaluation results for the modified MFI (280) revealed that the incorporation of phosphorous created moderate acidic sites, which were stabilized by some non-framework aluminum species, thereby leading to suppressing the formation of undesired C₁-C₄ alkanes with improved light olefins selectivity.

Introduction

Proliferating demand for high octane gasoline across the globe is a key driving factor for the C5 – C8 normal paraffin market. As C5 – C6 normal paraffin is commonly consumed for the production of iso-C5/C6 compound that further combined with the gasoline in order to enhance an octane number of gasoline.

Similarly, with growth of automotive industry as well as growing gasoline-powered vehicle parc in developing region that in turn is expected to result in increasing demand for high octane gasoline, further driving the growth of C5 – C8 normal paraffin market over the forecast period.

Moreover, recovery of oil and gas industry coupled with growing refining capacity provides impetus for market growth. Moreover, C5 – C8 n-paraffin fractions are further separated and processed to form several chemical products such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane, among other chemical compounds.

Generally, n-paraffin are used as special-purpose solvents in multiple industries such as cleaning, adhesives and sealants and pharmaceutical, among others. Thereby, growing demand for C5 – C8 derivative compounds is anticipated to further accelerate the growth of market over the forecast period.

Demand from different sectors is expected to rise, resulting in gasoline-blending to become leading application

C5 – C8 n-paraffin fractions are further processed and separated to form several chemical products such as n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane, among several other chemical compounds. The demand for n-pentane for the production of polystyrene foam and pharmaceuticals is growing which in turn is fueling the growth of n-pentane in the market.

Furthermore, the swelling demand for n-Hexane from end-use industries such as adhesive and sealant, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical, among others is anticipated to drive the demand for n-hexane and subsequently benefit the C5-C8 normal paraffin market over the course of the forecast period. N-Heptane is employed various synthesis and adhesive and sealant applications.

Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing Industry. Investment Opportunities in Chemical Business

Hydrazine is a colorless inorganic compound with odor similar to that of ammonia. Hydrazine hydrate is mainly used as a foaming agent in polymer foams. In agrochemicals field, it helps in manufacturing of pyrazole and its derivatives that have a significant use in pesticide chemistry because of its biological properties. Pyrazoles demonstrate antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antipyretic, antihelmintic, antioxidant, and herbicidal properties.

Uses:

Hydrazine Hydrate is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of blowing agents, but may also be used in boiler water treatment, as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural products.

Hydrazine hydrate is also used in the production of several drugs for veterinary applications. It is also used in the treatment of tuberculosis in the pharmaceutical field.

Applications:

·         As rocket fuel in space application.

·         As energy source in fuel cells.

·         As blowing agent in plastic industry.

·         In boilers-used as oxygen scavenger for boiler feed water in energy industry.

·         Prevention of corrosion in boilers by formation of a magnetite corrosion “shield” in boiler surface.

·         In synthesis of organic nitrogen compounds which are very useful intermediates in drugs 7 pharmaceutical industries.

·         In making herbicides & pesticides in agro-industry.

Hydrazine hydrate is possessed of several advantages:

(1) With a high storage capacity, the hydrogen reserve of hydrazine hydrate is 8% (mass fraction);

(2) It appears as liquid under room temperature, which can be stored and delivered safely;

(3) The decomposition of hydrazine hydrate can merely generate hydrogen and ammonia gas without any solid-state byproduct.

 

Market Outlook

Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market is anticipated to reach USD 531.23 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of over 5%, in value terms due to the growing popularity of polymer foams as Hydrazine hydrate is primary a precursor to blowing agents in polymer foams. Moreover, the rising demand of hydrazine hydrate in the waste-water treatment industry coupled with the increasing application as fuel in eco-friendly fuel cells will ensure robust growth of the market in the next five years.

Based on the concentration of hydrazine hydrate, the 60%-85% segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period owing to its use in manufacturing of veterinary drugs, chemical synthesis, polymerization, or as a blowing agent. Based on the application, the polymerization & blowing agents segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR by 2023 due to the increasing demand of polymers in end-use industries like automobile, electronic gadgets etc. Asia-Pacific region is projected to lead the market in the next five years due to growing demand in agrochemical and wastewater treatment industries.

Rising demand of polymer foams in polymer industry will have a great influence on the hydrazine hydrate market throughout the forecast timeframe. Its application in a wide range of products which includes food containers, foamed core pipes, vinyl sheets, and structural foam wood grain furniture will propel the market growth. The growth in the end-user industries such as building & construction, packaging, automotive, and furniture & bedding industries will drive the market for polymer foams in the coming eight years.

Due to wide-ranging chemical properties, hydrazine hydrate finds application in numerous end-use industries. It has an odor similar to ammonia and is typically colorless. The exposure to hydrazine hydrate is restricted to some extent due to its toxic nature.

High use of hydrazine hydrate in end-user, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemical, water treatment and polymerization & blowing agent is expected to drive the market in upcoming years. Furthermore, the carcinogenic property of the hydrazine hydrate may impact the growth of the market in the forecast period. Nevertheless, increasing demand of hydrazine hydrate in polymer industries is expected offer ample opportunities in the coming years.

The global hydrazine hydrate market can be segmented on the basis of end-user, concentration level, and regions. On the basis of end-user, the global market can be segregated into water treatment, pharmaceuticals, polymerization & blowing agents, and agrochemicals. Hydrazine hydrate is widely used in agrochemicals for various purposes such as insecticides, pesticides, and fungicides, which in turn is expected to fuel the global hydrazine hydrate market. On the basis of concentration level market is classified into 24%-35%, 40%-55%, 60%-85% and 100%. Hydrazine hydrate possesses applications such as foamed core pipes, structural foam wood grain furniture food containers and vinyl sheets which are expected to fuel the market growth in the forecast period.

Among various applications, polymerization & blowing agents is estimated to be the largest application of the global hydrazine hydrate market. In polymerization & blowing agents segment, hydrazine hydrate is used to manufacture plastics and rubber chemicals. Derivatives of hydrazine hydrates such as azobisisobutyronitrile and azodicarbonamide are used as polymerization initiators and low temperature blowing agents. In addition, there are several other hydrazine-based chemical blowing agents such as benzene and toluenesulfonylhydrazide, which are used in low temperature applications.

Steady growth in the polymer industry is expected to propel the global hydrazine hydrate market size, with its primary usage as a precursor to blowing agents in polymer foams.

The demand for fertilizers and pesticides is higher in the Asia Pacific as compared to other regions such as North America, Latin America, and Europe. China and India in the region are expected to spur the hydrazine hydrate market due to the growing agrochemicals industry and rapid economic growth. Moreover, the China-based manufacturers are manufacturing hydrazine hydrate to expand its existing production facilities for satisfying local needs of hydrazine hydrate, used majorly for manufacturing azodicarbonamide (ADC) required in the polymer industry.

It is expected to be the fastest growing concentration level segment of the hydrazine hydrate market, in terms of value, during the forecast period due to its ability to manufacture hydrazine salts from inorganic acids. The application of 60%-85% concentration grade of hydrazine hydrate in fuel cells as an effective substitute to hydrogen and oxygen is expected to present many opportunities to the hydrazine hydrate manufacturers.

The worldwide market demand for hydrazine hydrate is 80 to 90 thousand tons a year. Consumption is roughly 32% for pesticides, 33% for foaming agents, 20% for water treatment agents and 15% for others. Demand will grow steadily in future, with demand in advanced countries declining while demand in developing countries, Asian countries in particular, growing rapidly.

Due to increasing downstream demand, global hydrazine hydrate production varied from 137182 Ton in 2013 to 148616 Ton in 2017, with an average increase rate of 2.02%. In the future, we predict that this trend will continue. By 2024, global production may be 187381 ton.

 

Few Indian major players are as under:

·         Aditya Chemicals Ltd.

·         Andhra Farm Chemicals Corpn. Ltd.

·         Arihant Chemicals Inds. Ltd.

·         Jay Chemical Inds. Ltd.

·         Naveen Enterprises Ltd.

·         S V Trading & Agencies Ltd.

 

Tags

Blowing Agents, Hydrazine Hydrate, Inorganic Compound, Manufacturing Process of Hydrazine Hydrate, Process for Production of Hydrazine Hydrate, Production of Hydrazine, Preparation of Hydrazine Hydrate, Manufacture of Hydrazine Hydrate, Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing Plant, Chemical, How to Make Hydrazine, Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacture, Hydrazine Hydrate Production, Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing Process, Hydrazine Hydrate Unit, Hydrazine Hydrate Industry, Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing, Production of Hydrazine Hydrate, Hydrazine Hydrate for Manufacturing of Several Insecticides, Pesticides and Fungicides, Hydrazine Hydrate Production Process, Hydrazine Hydrate Plant, Hydrazine Hydrate Industry, Industrial Chemicals, Industrial Hydrazine Hydrate, Project Report on Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing, Project Report on Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Hydrazine Hydrate Production, Feasibility report on Hydrazine Hydrate Production, Free Project Profile on Hydrazine Hydrate Production, Project profile on Hydrazine Hydrate Production, Download free project profile on Hydrazine Hydrate Manufacturing

The world’s leading manufacturer of Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a China based company engaged in the manufacture of chemical products. The company operates under two business units: Green Chemistry and life sciences. Its green chemicals business sector provides polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) resin for cosmetic containers, building materials and household appliances, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin for PET bottle materials, polyester adhesive and coating industry for coil coating, and other products, such as industrial antibacterial agents, water treatment agents and biodiesel products. The purity of hydrocarbons produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group is 95-99.8%, which comes from modified naphtha or raffinate. The company’s annual revenue in 2021 is 5 billion Yuan.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is recognized as a leader in specialty chemicals. The company is committed to providing and developing new and more efficient products, such as n-heptane, in the electronics industry, especially in the fast-growing technology sector. Junyuan Petroleum Group chemical produces a broad portfolio of hydrocarbons used in many major industries, from paint dilution to dry cleaning fluids to pharmaceuticals. Junyuan Petroleum Group manufactures and sells various petrochemical products worldwide through its subsidiaries and affiliates, and has a strong user base in Belgium, Colombia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and the United States.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is one of the largest independent energy companies in China. In terms of market capitalization, the cash flow and production level of operating activities. Junyuan Petroleum Group chemicals is a leading supplier of heptane – our de aromatization part, special boiling point (SBP) aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent series. These high purity liquids have a stable composition and a fixed, narrow boiling range, making them particularly suitable for applications or industrial process conditions requiring specific evaporation / drying properties.

Junyuan Petroleum Group was founded in 2006 Junyuan Petroleum Group expects future trends and focuses on distribution at the beginning of this century. Financing, repackaging, timely delivery and after-sales service have become the main concerns. Junyuan Petroleum Group has various products and large global sales markets. The company offers many industries worldwide. The company provides the following categories of products: n-pentane, isopentane, pentane foaming agent, n-hexane, n-heptane, isohexane, n-octane, cyclopentane and other more than 20 kinds of core products.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a professional group specializing in chemical products, which can respond to customer needs quickly and flexibly. In order to assist customers’ overseas strategy, the company makes full use of Junyuan Petroleum Group’s network as a partner to develop overseas markets and support local production systems. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s solvent group deals in various solvents, such as aromatic solvents, alcohol solvents and ester solvents, which are mainly used in the paint, ink and adhesive industries. As a leader in the aromatic solvent industry, the company also promotes the sales of various environmentally friendly solvents.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a leading manufacturer of pentane, hexane, heptane and alkane series chemicals, with more than ten years of management experience in alkane series chemicals. In the field of pentane, heptane, hexane and alkane, the company has seven large subsidiaries and factories to ensure that its products are timely, maintained and stably supplied to customers. The company has become the largest comprehensive enterprise in the field of hexane and heptane chemicals in China.

What is Hexane?

Hexane is an unbranched hydrocarbon with formula C₆H₁₄.

Hexane is a nonpolar molecule with a weak intermolecular interactions occur between the molecules of pure liquid hydrocarbons. It is a highly volatile, flammable toxic chemical which is a by-product made from crude oil. Hexane isomers are to a great extent lifeless, and are every now and again utilized as an organic solvent since they are very non-polar.

Other names – Amyl Carbinol, 1-Hexanol, Hexyl alcohol, 1-Hydroxyhexane

C6H14	Hexane
Density	655 kg/m³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass	86.18 g/mol
Boiling Point	68.5 to 69.1 °C
Melting Point	−96 to −94 °C
Chemical Formula	CH3(CH2)4CH3

Physical Properties of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

Chemical Properties of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

• • Hexane undergoes combustion reaction readily to form carbon dioxide and water molecules.

2C₆H₁₄ + 19O₂ → 12CO₂ + 14H₂O

• • Hexane being a higher hydrocarbons undergo thermal cracking forms more than one hydrocarbon.

C₆H₁₄ (on thermal cracking) → C₄H₁₀(butane) + C₂H₄(ethene)

Uses of Hexane – C₆H₁₄

• One of the most commonly used solvents in synthetic reactions using lipases.
• Used in the biodiesel production.
• Hexane in commercial grades used as solvents for varnishes, inks and adhesives.
• Used as a min solvent for vegetable oilseed and other non-petroleum oil extraction since the 1940s.
• Hexane azeotropes have been used for secondary extraction of residual lipids from hexane-extracted meals in order to improve flavor and odour.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes cough, respiratory track irritation, mild depression, cardiac arrhythmias. Ingestion causes vomiting, nausea, headache, swelling of abdomen and depression. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema, excitement followed by depression.

What is a CMR bill of lading? A CMR bill of lading is a bill of lading that complies with the guidelines of the international CMR Convention. CMR stands for Convention relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route (Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road).

What is the Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by Road (CMR) required by foreign customers? How our Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes are transported by international roads to Europe, Russia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Southeast Asian countries.

In short, “Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by Road (CMR)” refers to the transport document issued in road transportation. The abbreviation of English convention renewable aucontract de transport international de marchandises par route is the international road cargo waybill. Sometimes the buyer’s certificate requirements are written as way bill / CMR / TIR, etc.

If CMR is explained in detail, what is an international convention first? International conventions refer to the common provisions of many countries specifically aimed at a certain field. Generally, they are the specific provisions between countries on the interests and risks of economy, politics, culture, law, technology and other aspects. After public discussion, they reach an agreement and abide by it jointly after signing. In popular terms, they are the rules of the game formulated by countries for a certain field, The content includes the rights and obligations of States parties signing the Convention, as well as the basis for how to solve problems after they occur.

The history and specific contents of the “Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by road” contain a large amount of information, so it is inconvenient to elaborate here. Interested friends can search by themselves and learn the relevant provisions, rights and responsibilities in the Convention, especially friends majoring in international commercial law, international trade, supply chain and international logistics freight forwarding, which is conducive to solving a large number of business problems related to it in their work.  Our logistics partners operated the international road transportation business in Central Asia for many years. Customers often ask about this in their actual work. Here are three important contents summarized and brought to the attention of relevant practitioners.

The international road waybill is not a document of title. It is believed that many international trade and international logistics freight forwarders have understood that neither International Railway nor international road waybill can have property rights like ocean bill of lading, but some people still have problems in this link. After the goods arrive at the destination, the balance has not been recovered and the goods have been taken away. Therefore, before issuing the road waybill, we must do a good job in account control. If the balance is not recovered, we can control the cargo right through the designated transporter to avoid the empty of money and goods.

When transshipping landlocked countries through a third country, the receiving party requires CMR. As some countries are landlocked countries, in case of transshipment to inland countries through the ports of a third country, the consignor will encounter the request of the consignee to provide CMR for local customs clearance. Because most of such transportation will be blocked by the multimodal transport bill of lading issued to the end, even if CMR is involved, it will be ignored. Therefore, many practitioners do not understand the issuer and operation process of this document. If they encounter this matter, they can consult the freight forwarder.

Modify the CMR soft clause in the letter of credit. This link is related to Article 2. For example, if the CMR issuer is the road carrier of a third country, the CMR presentation will be used when the trade parties settle with the letter of credit, but the shipper may not be able to obtain the document. Therefore, in the verification stage, if such soft terms are found, it is necessary to discuss and modify them with the receiver in time to avoid problems in bank presentation. The specific modification method is negotiated by both parties, and there is no specific explanation here.

At present, China has acceded to the Convention on the international carriage of road vehicles in the field of international land transportation; In terms of international railways, China has acceded to the international railway freight transport agreement and the International Convention on railway freight transport; International maritime transport has acceded to the United Nations Convention on the carriage of goods by sea, namely the Hamburg Rules; International air transport has joined the Warsaw Convention and so on; In terms of multimodal transport, we have acceded to the United Nations Convention on international multimodal transport of goods and formulated a large number of domestic legal rules on warehousing and transportation. If we have the opportunity, we will also introduce them in detail.
It can be said that China has joined all major international conventions related to international transportation, making China’s logistics rules seamlessly connected with international rules. Only sound rules can keep domestic and international transportation channels smooth. In addition to abiding by them, we also need to use these rules to protect our interests in international trade.

Bill of lading

A bill of lading is a document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. Although the term historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may today be used for any type of carriage of goods. Bills of lading are one of three crucial documents used in international trade to ensure that exporters receive payment and importers receive the merchandise. The other two documents are a policy of insurance and an invoice. Whereas a bill of lading is negotiable, both a policy and an invoice are assignable. In international trade outside the United States, bills of lading are distinct from waybills in that the latter are not transferable and do not confer title. Nevertheless, the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 grants “all rights of suit under the contract of carriage” to the lawful holder of a bill of lading, or to the consignee under a sea waybill or a ship’s delivery order.

 

What is a CMR bill of lading?

A CMR bill of lading is a bill of lading that complies with the guidelines of the international CMR Convention. CMR stands for Convention relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route (Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road). A bill of lading is a document that is linked to a shipment and describes what the carrier transports from A to B on behalf of the shipper. The CMR Convention is a treaty between European countries and some countries outside of Europe on the legal rules regarding the carriage of goods by road.  

What is a bill of lading?

A bill of lading (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL) is a document that states that a carrier is transporting a load from A to B on behalf of the shipper. It is legal proof of the contract of carriage and is also used as a receipt, where the recipient signs the bill of lading. A bill of lading is linked to a shipment that consists of one or more goods that are loaded at one or more places for one client, that are transported with one motor vehicle or trailer, to one recipient. The bill of lading states which goods are contained in a shipment and where they need to be delivered. The bill of lading states whether special obligations must be met for these goods, for example in terms of hazardous substances. The weight is also stated, which can be used to check if a truck is not overloaded. There are different types of bills of lading. The most important is the CMR bill of lading, but there are also bills of lading that are only valid within one country.

The CMR Convention is an international agreement regarding the carriage of goods by road. It applies to the commercial transport of goods in international relations. Provided that at least one country (shipment or destination country) has acceded to the CMR Convention. It should be noted that it applies only to transport provided under a contract of carriage by cars, articulated vehicles, semi-trailers, and trailers.

CMR Convention – Important information

The CMR Convention is extremely useful because it unifies the transport documentation, transports carried out by successive carriers, the conditions of the contract for the carriage of goods by road, the carrier’s liability, the mode of complaints, and complaints, claims arising from the carriage. Entities authorized to operate in the field of international road transport are defined by the provisions of the national law of individual countries. In the case of Poland, this is determined by the Road Transport Act. It is worth noting that the CMR Convention is used when the transport is performed by states, organizations, or governmental institutions. Importantly, when applying the CMR Convention, the carrier is responsible for the actions taken by its employees as for its own.

Bill of lading

The proof of the conclusion of the contract of carriage under the CMR Convention is a consignment note. It is issued in triplicate (each copy has the same legal and evidentiary value). It is signed and stamped by both the sender and the carrier. The first of them takes the sender, the second accompanies the shipment and is intended for the recipient, while the third receives the carrier. Sometimes a fourth copy, so-called back copy, is issued for statistical purposes. If the goods are to be loaded on different vehicles or several batches of products are to be carried, both the sender and the carrier have the right to require the issue of so many waybills, how many vehicles should be used or how many types or batches of goods.

In the event of an irregularity, lack of information, or loss of the bill of lading, all costs incurred because of this by the carrier are borne by the sender. However, the carrier is obliged to check the condition of the goods together with their packaging, as well as the correctness of the details of the waybill with the number of copies, their numbers, and characteristics when receiving the goods.

What does the waybill contain?

The waybill should contain the following data:

a) place and date of issue;

b) name and address of the sender;

c) the name and address of the carrier;

d) place and date of acceptance of the goods for transport and the place of issue;

e) name and address of the recipient;

f) a commonly used description of the type of good and the manner of packaging, and for dangerous goods their generally accepted description;

g) the number of items, their characteristics, and numbers;

h) gross weight or otherwise expressed quantity of goods;

i) transport-related costs (transportable, additional costs, customs duties and other costs arising from the time of conclusion of the contract to the time of delivery);

j) instructions necessary to complete customs and other formalities;

k) a declaration that the carriage, regardless of any contrary clause, is subject to the provisions of this Convention.

When the CMR Convention does not apply

The CMR Convention does not apply to the carriage of postal items, corpses, and cargo belonging to displaced persons. Besides, it is not used when concluding shipping contracts. Contracts are deemed to be such, the essence of which is not to carry out the transport but only to its organization. The carrier does not have to carry out the transport personally. It follows that whether the convention is applicable or not is determined by the content of the undertaking. Therefore, if the basis of the contract is the performance of the transport, then the provisions of the Convention will apply.

03/16/2022 Today, the prices of n-Pentane and Pentane Blowing Agent products collectively fell, from – 1.15% to – 2.17%.Pentane can be obtained from catalytic cracking and thermal decomposition of natural gas or petroleum. Due to different refining degrees, it often contains isomers of C5 Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with similar boiling points such as METHYLCYCLOPENTANE, and impurities such as unsaturated compounds, water and sulfur-containing compounds.

Pentane foaming agent is mainly composed of n-pentane and isopentane, and 9 products are composed according to different components. The models are F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8 and F9, as shown in the table below. Pentane foaming agent is extremely flammable. Its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. It is very easy to burn and explode in case of open fire and high heat. Strong reaction occurs when contacting with oxidant, even causing combustion. Liquid is lighter than water and insoluble in water. It can drift and spread to a distance with water and cause combustion in case of open fire.

Distillation range of pentane foaming agent of Junyuan Petroleum Group: 110 ~ 126; Density: 690-710, acting on solvents, plasticizers, etc. Junyuan petroleum group serves global customers with strict quality assurance system and the most satisfactory service.

Westbound Export Transportation Routes for Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes:
Route: Zhengzhou Alashankou – malaszewicze / Warsaw, Poland – Hamburg / Munich, Germany
Route: Hefei – Alashankou – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Wuhan – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Wuhan – Manzhouli – Moscow, vorsino – malaszewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Suzhou Manzhouli Moscow vorsino Poland Warsaw
Route: Yiwu – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany – Madrid, Spain
Route: Yiwu – Alataw pass – malaszewicze, Poland – Prague, Czech Republic – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Chongqing – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Chengdu – Alashankou – Lodz, Poland – niurengurg / Tilburg, Germany
Route: Xiamen – Alashankou – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Xiamen – Alashankou – malasewicze – Budapest, Hungary
Route: Shenzhen – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Duisburg, Germany
Route: Xi’an – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Shenyang – Manzhouli – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg / Duisburg, Germany
Route: Changsha – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Hamburg, Germany
Route: Changsha Manzhouli Minsk, Belarus
Route: Changsha – Alataw pass – malasewicze, Poland – Budapest, Hungary

Heptane is more specifically a fraction boiling at 43-65°C. Gasoline boils at 40-70°C,
pentane at 34-37°C. Higher boiling fractions are hexane 65-69°C, SBP 62/82 boiling at 64-72°C,
SBP 80/100 boiling at 83-120°C. Heptane is especially popular for smaller laboratories but also big industrial complexes.
When used in labs, it is either utilized as a solve, reagent for organic synthesis.

 Hexane is an indirect additive to soy-based food products, because it is used to extract oils from plant seeds such as soy beans, corn, sun-flowers, and canola.

n-Pentane, 99% CAS: 109-66-0 MDL: MFCD00009498 EINECS: 203-692-4 Synonyms: Pentane 
For spectrophotometry, chromatography, and residue analysis. UV cutoff 190nm.

Precautions for Export of Pentanes, Hexanes and Heptanes to  Russia

Russia has a long history of trade with our country, which has begun since the 1980s and 1990s. There are a lot of matters about the customs clearance of Russia.
1、 Import
（1） Imported goods arrive at Russian customs territory
1. When the goods and means of transport arrive at the Russian border port, the freight forwarding company or carrier shall submit the following documents and information to the Customs within 15 days:
– the state of registration of the means of transport;
– name and address of the cargo carrier;
– the name of the country where the goods are sent and the country where the goods are transported;
– name and address of consignor and consignee;
– commercial documents owned by the carrier;
– shipping marks and types of goods packages;
– name of goods and commodity code (no less than the first 4 digits);
– net weight of goods (kg) or volume of goods (M3), except for goods with huge appearance;
– information on goods prohibited or restricted from entering the customs territory of the Russian Federation;
– issue the bill of lading for international transportation of goods.
2. If customs transit is required, the freight forwarding company or carrier shall apply to the customs and submit the following materials:
– name and location of consignor (consignee);
– name of the country of destination of the goods;
– the name and location of the carrier of the goods, or the name and location of the sender, if the sender has obtained an internal customs clearance;
– information on the means of transport for transshipment of goods within the customs territory of Russia. In case of road transportation, information on the driver of the means of transport shall also be provided;
– type, name, quantity, price, weight or volume of goods and commodity code (no less than the first four digits);
– total number of packages;
– destination of goods;
– transshipment plan and transportation route information;
– planned period of goods transshipment.
3. After the transit goods arrive at the destination customs, they shall declare to the Customs within 15 days.
（2） Declaration and customs clearance of imported goods
1. Customs declaration agent
– according to the Russian Customs Law, the declarant can only be a Russian citizen. Foreign enterprises or cargo owners can only entrust Russian customs broker or customs broker to handle import declaration procedures;
– when accepting the entrustment of the import consignee or consignor to go through the customs declaration formalities, the customs broker or customs broker shall examine the authenticity and integrity of the information and documents provided by the consignor. If he fails to fulfill the examination obligation or violates the legal provisions in the declaration, he shall bear the corresponding legal responsibility;
– the customs broker shall truthfully and accurately fill in the contents listed in the customs declaration form and submit the necessary documents and materials to the customs.
2. Documents and documents to be submitted for import declaration
– customs declaration form for imported goods;
– commercial documents required for customs declaration (such as contract, invoice, waybill, bill of lading, packing list, insurance policy, manifest and other attached documents);
– Transportation (transshipment) documents;
– approval documents, licenses, certificates and / or license documents for the import of restricted goods;
– Certificate of origin of goods;
– information on the calculation of customs taxes;
– Certificate of customs broker and certificate of customs broker issued by Russian customs.
3. Payment of import duties
– the cargo owner or customs declaration agent shall pay customs taxes in full and on time according to the tax calculated by the customs, including import tariff, value-added tax and customs miscellaneous fees, or handle customs guarantee procedures according to regulations;
– when the declared price of imported goods is lower than the customs risk price parameter, the owner of the goods shall provide corresponding contract transaction price supporting documents according to the requirements of the customs. If the required documents cannot be provided, the Russian customs will levy tariffs according to the lowest risk price.
4. Goods release
– according to the provisions of the Russian Customs Law, the customs shall release the imported goods with complete customs declaration documents, full payment of customs duties and consistent documents and goods within 3 working days;
– if the goods belong to bonded warehouse, domestic processing, duty-free trade, temporary entry, re export and other special supervision, the customs can release the goods conditionally.
2、 Export
（1） Declaration of export goods
1. The agent declaration requirements for export goods are fully consistent with those for import.
2. Documents and documents to be submitted for export declaration
– customs declaration form for export goods;
– commercial documents required for customs declaration (such as contract, invoice, waybill, bill of lading, packing list, insurance policy, manifest and other attached documents);
– Transportation (transshipment) documents;
– approval documents, licenses, certificates and / or license documents for the export of restricted goods;
– information on the calculation of customs taxes;
– Certificate of customs broker and certificate of customs broker issued by Russian customs.
3. For goods subject to export duties payable, the owner or customs declaration agent shall pay taxes in full and on time according to the export tax calculated by the customs.
（2） Release of export goods
1. After the export declaration form is accepted, the carrier can load the goods into the means of transport to leave the customs territory of Russia and accept the customs inspection.
2. The customs shall release the export goods that have been examined and verified by the customs documents within 3 working days.