Archives April 2022

Gas Chromatogram of n-Pentane

Chromatogram refers to the image of the detection signal of the separated component over time. The shape of chromatogram varies with different chromatographic methods and detection records. The chromatograms of head-on chromatography and displacement chromatography are a series of steps; In elution chromatography, if a differential detector is used, the graph of the detection signal of the separated components changing with time is a group of chromatographic peaks similar to Gaussian distribution, the ordinate of the chromatogram is the response signal of the detector, and the abscissa is time, volume or distance.

Name in Chinese: Gas Chromatography 气相色谱图
Definition: time distribution image of separated component detection signal
Pinyin: Q ì Xi à ng s è p ǔ  tú
Name in English: chromatogram

Related Terms
⊕ chromatogram – the signal time curve obtained when the sample flows through the chromatographic column and detector, also known as the chromatographic outflow profile.
⊕ baseline — after the mobile phase is flushed and the column and mobile phase reach equilibrium, the detector measures the outflow curve for a period of time. Generally, it should be parallel to the time axis.
⊕ noise – fluctuation of baseline signal. It is usually caused by poor power contact or instantaneous overload, unstable detector, bubble in mobile phase or contamination of chromatographic column.
⊕ drift – the slow change of the baseline over time. It is mainly caused by the instability of operating conditions such as voltage, temperature, mobile phase and flow. The pollutants or stationary phase in the column will also drift after being eluted continuously.
⊕ chromatographic peak – the curve generated by the corresponding continuous signal when the group is shunted through the detector. A projection on an outflow curve. The normal chromatographic peak is similar to the symmetrical normal distribution curve (Gaussian Gauss curve). There are two kinds of asymmetric chromatographic peaks: leading peak and tailing peak. The former is rare.
⊕ tailing factor (T) — t = B / A, which is used to measure the symmetry of chromatographic peaks. Also known as symmetry factor or asymmetry factor, t should be 0.95 ~ 1.05 according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. T1. 05 is the tailing peak.
⊕ peak bottom – the distance from the starting point of the peak on the baseline to the end point.
⊕ peak height (H) – the distance from the highest point of the peak to the bottom of the peak.
⊕ peak width (W) – the distance between the two tangents at the inflection points on both sides of the peak and the two intersections of the baseline. W=4 σ。
⊕ peak width that height (WH / 2) – peak width at half of peak height. Wh/2=2.355 σ。
⊕ standard deviation, σ)—— Half of the peak width of the normal distribution curve when x = ± 1 (inflection point). The inflection point of normal peak width is 0.607 times of peak height. The standard deviation indicates the dispersion degree of components in the process of flowing out of the chromatographic column. σ Small, small dispersion, high pole concentration, thin peak shape and high column efficiency; conversely, σ Large, fat peak shape and low column efficiency.
⊕ peak area (a) – the area surrounded by the peak and the peak bottom. A= ×σ× h=2.507 σ h=1.064Wh/2h。
signal
Tailless peak
chromatographic column
Chromatographic outflow curve

Gas Chromatogram of n-Pentane

Chemical Exhibitions and Conferences 2022

List of various exhibitions and conferences 2022 related to the chemical and allied industries to be held in the world.

Event Details

Global Petrochemical Industry Training Course

20/04/2022-22/04/2022, Amsterdam, Netherlands

For further details contact:

NexantECA TrainingTel: +44-207-950-1600Email: contactus@nexanteca.com

Event Details

Chinaplas 2022

25/04/2022-28/04/2022, Shanghai, China

For further details contact:

Adsale Exhibition Services Ltd.Ms. Stella Yuen
Call: (852) 2516 3305
Email: chinaplas@adsale.com.hkwebsite: 

Event Details

PaintExpo:

26/04/2022-29/04/2022, Karlsruhe, Germany

For further details contact:

FairFair GmbHMarkus Beck
Telefon +49 7022 60255 20
Email: beck@fairfair.dewebsite: 

Event Details

NYSCC Suppliers’ Day 2022

03/05/2022-04/05/2022, New York, USA

For further details contact:

New York Society of Cosmetic ChemistsErin LaytonEmail: elayton@nyscc.orgwebsite: 

Event Details

World Hydrogen Projects

11/05/2022-12/05/2022, Barcelona, Spain

For further details contact:

Green Power Conferences Ltd.Jonathan Hull
Tel: +44-0-20-7099-0600
Email: Jonathan.Hull@greenpowerglobal.com

Event Details

11th GPCA Plastics Conference

25/05/2022-26/05/2022, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The COVID-19 pandemic has reemphasized the indispensable role of plastics in our everyday life. Amongst others, medical-grade masks, gloves, PPE, various medical equipment along with several packaging applications have proved to be a lifesaver and played a vital role in protecting the health and safety of frontline workers as well as civilians during the pandemic. However, the manner in which their disposal is handled poses a serious environmental challenge. This is creating an urgent need to change our mindset from the existing linear take-make-dispose model and shift towards a closed-loop, reusability, and recycling-focused model. This requires a systemic transformation where all waste is viewed as a valuable resource and its value is captured within the economy. This can be achieved on the back of innovation through collaboration along the value chain, which was brought to the limelight during the pandemic.

On the flip side, an increased focus on recycling is both a growing threat and an opportunity to the virgin polymers industry. This is making plastic producers, refiners, waste management companies innovate new business models to develop a global economy where plastics are never wasted. Although collection and sorting remain the most challenging barriers to achieve a circular economy, advancements in advanced recycling technologies are aiming to ease the process.

For further details contact:

Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals AssociationMs. Jovelyn Sadoguio, Event Admin Specialist Call: +971 4 451 0666 Ext 153.Email: jovelyn@gpca.org.aewebsite: 

Event Details

Chemspec Europe

31/05/2022-01/06/2022, Frankfurt, Germany

For further details contact:

Mack-Brooks Exhibitions LtdTel.: +44 (0)1727 814 543
Fax: +44 (0)1727 814 401
Email: info@chemspeceurope.comwebsite: 

Event Details

Helsinki Chemicals Forum 2022

08/06/2022-09/06/2022, Helsinki, Finland

For further details contact:

MessukeskusMarcus Bergström
Tel: +358 44 562 4524
Email: marcus.bergstrom@messukeskus.comwebsite: 

Event Details

in-cosmetics Korea 2022

13/07/2022-15/07/2022, Seoul, Korea South

For further details contact:

Reed Exhibitions Ltd.Jihee Han
Tel: +44-0-208-439-5159
Email: jihee.han@reedexpo.co.ukwebsite: 

Event Details

PCHi China 2022

18/07/2022-20/07/2022, Shanghai, China

For further details contact:

Reed Sinopharm ExhibitionsShammi Srivastava
Tel: +91 22 6771 6666 / 617
Mobile: +91 99871 42598
shammi.srivastava@reedexpo.co.uk
Email: pchi@reedsinopharm.comwebsite: 

Event Details

ACHEMA 2022

22/08/2022-26/08/2022, Frankfurt, Germany

For further details contact:

DECHEMA Ausstellungs-GmbHTel. +49 69 7564-750
Fax +49 69 7564-450
Email: visitor@achema.dewebsite: 

Event Details

32nd International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists (IFSCC) Congress

19/09/2022-22/09/2022, London, UK

For further details contact:

Society of Cosmetic Scientists (SCS)Tel: +44-0-15827 26661Email: gem.bektas@scs.org.ukwebsite: 

Event Details

K 2022

19/10/2022-26/10/2022, Dusseldorf, Germany

For further details contact:

Messe Düsseldorf GmbHCall: +49 211 4560-7611Email: info@messe-duesseldorf.dewebsite: 

Event Details

in-cosmetics Asia 2022

01/11/2022-03/11/2022, Bangkok, Thailand

For further details contact:

Reed Exhibitions Ltd.Sarah Gibson
Tel: +60-7509-5014
Email: sarah.gibson@reedexpo.co.ukwebsite: 

Event Details

Vietnam Medi-Pharm Expo

01/12/2022-03/12/2022, Hanoi, Vietnam

For further details contact:

VINEXADThai Huy An
Tel: +84-24-38255546 (Ext: 433)
Mobile: +84-904154438
Email: thaihuyan@hotmail.com
Email: thaihuyan@gmail.comwebsite: 

Event Details

12th World Surfactant Congress

05/06/2023-07/06/2023, Rome, Italy

For further details contact:

Cesio CongressChantal De Cooman, Secretary GeneralEmail: info@cesio.euwebsite: 

Event Details

CESIO Congress 2023

05/06/2023-07/06/2023, Rome, Italy

For further details contact:

Cesio & Co-manaIris Mathieu
Tel: +32 2 537 87 01
Email: iris@co-mana.comwebsite: 

Event Details

Knowledge Sharing Seminar

13/04/2022-13/04/2022, Mumbai, India

For further details contact:

IPCA Maharashtra RegionAmit Parikh & Jesal Parikh
Tel: +91-22-23441937
Mobile: +91-9873354315
Email: maharashtra@ipcaonline.comwebsite: 

Event Details

ChemExpo India 2022

20/04/2022-21/04/2022, Mumbai, India

For further details contact:

Chemical Weekly Database Pvt. Ltd.Rohit Pande
Mobile: +91-98202 24550
Email: Rohit@chemexpoindia.comwebsite: 

Event Details

ChemProTech India 2022

20/04/2022-21/04/2022, Mumbai, India

For further details contact:

ChemProTech India Expo Pvt. Ltd. & VA ExhibitionsRohit Pande
Cell: +91-98202 24550
Email: Rohit@chemexpoindia.comwebsite: 

Event Details

ChemLogistics India 2022

20/04/2022-21/04/2022, Mumbai, India

For further details contact:

ChemProTech India Expo Pvt. Ltd. & VA ExhibitionsRohit Pande
Cell: +91-98202 24550
Email: Rohit@chemexpoindia.comwebsite: 

Event Details

PharmaTech Expo & LabTech Expo

28/04/2022-30/04/2022, Chandigarh, India

For further details contact:

PharmaTechExpoManan Doshi
Tel: +91-79-40306340 / 27540493
Mobile: +91-9377235673
Email: manan@pharmatechnologyindex.com
Email: expo@pharmatechnologyindex.comwebsite: 

Event Details

International Plastics Exhibition

10/06/2022-13/06/2022, Chennai, India

For further details contact:

Tamilnadu Plastics Manufacturer’s AssociationMr. Deepak Chhalani,
Cell: +91-98407 67679
Email: marketing@iplas.inwebsite: 

Event Details

ISDC 2022: International Convention and Exhibition on Home and Personal Care Products and Ingredients

10/07/2022-12/07/2022, Goa, India

For further details contact:

Indian Home & Personal Care Industry AssociationMS. Krutika Sansare & Pankaj Dutia
Cell: +91-9029088219, +91-9819113510
Email:krutika@ihpcia.org
Email: pankaj@ihpcia.orgwebsite: website: 

Event Details

Plastivision India 2023

09/02/2023-13/02/2023, Mumbai, India

For further details contact:

All India Plastics Manufacturers’ Association (AIPMA)Sanjeevani Kothare
Tel: 022 6777 8846 / 48
Mobile: +91 99303 55494
Email: Sanjeevani@plastivision.orgwebsite: 

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Isohexane Sales FAQs

Product Name: Isohextane
CAS No.: 107-83-5
Packaging Type: in 137kg steel drum or 16MT Isotank
Main Applications of Isohexane: polymerization solvent, precision instrument cleaning and oil dilution. It can be used as fuel. Chinese name of Isohextane: 异己烷 (#Isohexane)

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance and Properties: colorless transparent liquid, slightly flavored, volatile liquid.
Melting point (℃): – 153 ℃ relative density (water = 1): 0.65
Boiling point (℃): 59 ~ 63 ℃ relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.0
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 23kpa (20 ℃) combustion heat (kJ / mol):
Critical temperature (℃): critical pressure (MPA): 3.03
Logarithm of octanol / water partition coefficient:
Flash point (℃): – 23 ℃ upper explosion limit% (V / V): 7.0%
Spontaneous combustion temperature (℃): 306 lower explosive limit% (V / V): 1.2%
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene and other organic solvents.
Hazard category: class 3.1, low flash point flammable liquid.
Skin contact: wash immediately with soapy water.
Eye contact: rinse immediately, rinse with normal saline for more than 15 minutes, and seek medical advice.
Inhalation: move the patient to a place with fresh air for artificial respiration.
Ingestion: seek medical advice and do not induce vomiting.

Isohexane in 137kg steel drums,Isohexane with CAS No and   Synonms

Why use steel drums instead of plastic drums for flammable materials?

Plastic barrels have their own advantages, especially the convenient transportation and stacking of plastic ton barrels, which are more and more widely used.
Whether plastic barrels can be used for flammable materials (such as gasoline) is known to those with some experience. But why not, and whether not at all, is still unclear to many people.

What harm will ordinary plastic barrels bring when they contain flammable liquids?

First of all, when ordinary plastic barrels are in contact and friction with the outside world, especially during the handling of movable plastic barrels, static charges are accumulated on the surface area. When the static electricity accumulates to a certain extent, brush type power generation may occur. The maximum energy of brush type discharge can reach 10mJ. If this brush type discharge is right near the barrel mouth, it may ignite the flammable steam emitted from the barrel mouth and backfire, resulting in flash explosion in the barrel;
Secondly, when filling the ordinary plastic barrel with liquid, static electricity will be brought into the barrel due to the friction between the liquid and the filling pipe wall during filling, and static electricity will accumulate in the barrel. Brush discharge may occur between the liquid and the conductor, so as to ignite the flammable vapor cloud in the barrel and cause flash explosion in the barrel.
Junyuan Petroleum Group has 200ml and 500ml sample trial packages, 20L small drums and 200L large iron drums. The iron bucket will be sealed with a waterproof cover on the basis of the metal cover to ensure that the oil will not be polluted. If customers have other product packaging requirements, our company can provide them on demand.
Where does aromatics come from?

Where does aromatics come from?

Aromatic hydrocarbon, also known as aromatic hydrocarbon or aromatic oil, refers to the hydrocarbon with benzene ring structure in the molecule. It is one of the basic products and basic raw materials of petrochemical industry, mainly including benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc. It is the general name of a series of solvents composed of isomers of C9 and C10 heavy aromatics.
Where does aromatics come from?

  • 1. Extraction from coal

The light tar produced in the process of coal coking contains a lot of benzene. This is the initial method of producing benzene. The generated coal tar and gas are passed through the washing and absorption equipment, and the coal tar with high boiling point is used as the washing and absorption agent to recover the coal tar in the gas. After distillation, crude benzene and other high boiling point fractions are obtained. Crude benzene can be refined to obtain industrial grade benzene. The purity of benzene obtained by this method is relatively low, and the environmental pollution is serious, and the process is relatively backward.

  • 2. Extraction from crude oil

This method is a general method for extracting aromatics. Crude oil refining reforming here refers to the process of cyclization and dehydrogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form aromatics. This is a craft developed during the Second World War. At 500-525 ° C and 8-50 atmospheres, various aliphatic hydrocarbons with boiling points between 60-200 ° C are transformed into benzene and other aromatics through dehydrogenation and cyclization with platinum rhenium catalyst. Benzene is separated by distillation after aromatic products are extracted from the mixture. These fractions can also be used as high octane gasoline. Now, more than 90% of the world’s total production comes from oil.

Therefore, aromatics are the product of petrochemical industry, which also means that the market trend of aromatics fluctuates with oil.
The storage of Junyuan Petroleum Group is the largest manufacturer of Hexanes in China, with a manufacturing plant located in Shandong Province, the hometown of Confucius, with an storage area of 10,000 square meters and a storage capacity of 2,000 cubic meters. Sales inquiries: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com

-Drumed Isohexane Sales Resumed- Real subject

Pentane, Hexane and Heptane Prices, Upstream, Downstream, Analytics & Forecasts
Junyuan Petroleum Group – Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company | Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying 257345 China.
Junyuan Petroleum Group is China’s largest manufacturer of blowing agents to the foam insulation markets. We have continued to grow with the development of next generation blowing agents, offering a variety of hydrocarbon products for the PIR, PUR and EPS markets, available in ISO tanks and drums. For more information, or for pricing please contact us: +86 178 1030 0898 Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com Web: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com.
China is the world’s largest buyer and drives prices in Asia and the global solvent trade. Our comprehensive news and pricing coverage of China and global solvent market is constantly updated by our raw material purchase, production and sales team of experts. Solvent markets can react to change quickly. It’s crucial for buyers, sellers and producers to stay alert and aware of what’s happening, both in their region and internationally. We help you stay abreast of change as it’s happening. We keep you informed of the current price and market position, so you can make the most of opportunities to trade or secure a deal.

Our factory of high purity n-Heptane

n-Heptane, High Purity Grade, 99.9%

n-Heptane is defined as the zero point of the octane rating scale. It is a lighter component in gasoline, burns more explosively, causing engine pre-ignition ( knocking) in its pure form, as opposed to octane isomers, which burn more slowly and give less knocking.
Chemical formula: C₇H₁₆
Melting point: −90.549 °C (−130.988 °F; 182.601 K)
Molar mass: 100.205 g·mol−1
Solubility in water: 0.0003% (20 °C)

n-Heptane is a colorless volatile liquid, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, and miscible in ether, chloroform, dichloromethane and other low polar solvents. It is mainly used as a standard for the determination of octane number. It can also be used as a raw material for anesthetics, solvents and organic synthesis, and the preparation of experimental reagents.
CAS No.: 142-82-5
Chinese Name: n-Heptane (正庚烷)
English Name: heptane

Numbering System
CAS No.: 142-82-5
MDL No.: MFCD00009544
EINECS No.: 205-563-8
RTECS No.: mi7700000
BRN No.: 1730763
PubChem No.: 24854818

Physical Property Data
1. Properties: colorless, transparent and volatile liquid. [1]
2. Melting point (℃): – 90.5 [2]
3. Boiling point (℃): 98.5 [3]
4. Relative density (water = 1): 0.68 [4]
5. Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.45 [5]
6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 6.36 (25 ℃) [6]
7. Combustion heat (kJ / mol): – 4806.6 [7]
8. Critical temperature (℃): 266 [8]
9. Critical pressure (MPA): 2.74 [9]
10. Octanol / water partition coefficient: 4.66 [10]
11. Flash point (℃): – 4 (CC)- 1(OC)[11]
12. Ignition temperature (℃): 215 [12]
13. Upper explosion limit (%): 6.7 [13]
14. Lower explosive limit (%): 1.05 [14]
15. Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and carbon tetrachloride, miscible in ether, chloroform, acetone and benzene. [15]
Viscosity of liquid: 409.0 MPa (s): 40
17. Ignition point (º C): 233
18. Heat of dissolution (kJ / mol): 14.059
19. Aniline point (º C): 70.6
20. Thermal conductivity (25 º C, liquid) / [w / (m · K)]: 122.25 × 10-3
21. Heat of formation (25 º C, liquid) / (kJ · mol): -224.54
22. Specific heat capacity (0 º C, constant pressure) / [kJ / (kg · K)]: 2.233
23. Critical density (g · cm-3): 0.234
24. Critical volume (cm3 · mol-1): 428
25. Critical compression factor: 0.261
26. Eccentricity factor: 0.351
27. Lennard Jones parameter (a): 6.7638
28. Lennard Jones parameter (k): 337.78
29. Solubility parameter (J · cm-3) 0.5:15.208
30. Van der Waals area (cm2 · mol-1): 1.099 × one thousand and ten
31. Van der Waals volume (cm3 · mol-1): 78.490
32. Standard combustion heat (enthalpy) of gas phase (kJ · mol-1): -4153.57
33. Gas phase standard claimed heat (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): -187.15
34. Standard entropy of gas phase (J · mol-1 · k-1): 428.1
35. Standard free energy of formation in gas phase (kJ · mol-1): 8.3
36. Gas phase standard hot melt (J · mol-1 · k-1): 165.2
37. Liquid phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): -4817.00
38. Standard declared heat (enthalpy) of liquid phase (kJ · mol-1): -224.22
39. Standard entropy of liquid phase (J · mol-1 · k-1): 328.57
40. Standard free energy of formation in liquid phase (kJ · mol-1): 1.23
Standard molten phase (J · mol · 1-224)

n-Heptane,High Purity Grade,99.9%

Our production laboratory of high purity n-Heptane

Chemical Synonyms: Normal Heptane Item: JPG0043561
Formula: CH3(CH2)5CH3 Molecular weight: 100.21
Purity: 99%+ CAS: 142-82-5
Application Date: For use in Liquid Chromatography,Spectrophotometry and Organic Residue Analysis,Packaged under Nitrogen.
Properties
Melting point: -91℃ Viscosity 20 ℃:
Boiling point: 98℃ Merck Index 13th Edition: 13,4679
Density: 0.684 at 25℃ (g/ml) Flash point: -1℃
Dielectric Constant: 1.92 at 20℃ Hazardous Material Identification System(HMIS): 1*-3-0
Eluting value: Recommended storage code: RED
Refractive Index: 1.387 (n20°/D) International Maritime Organization Hazard Class Code: 3,UN1206,PG II
Specifications
Assay (by GC-FID) (as n-Heptane) ≥99.0%
(Heptane isomers and methylcyclohexane) ≥99.5%
Color ≤10 APHA
GC-ECD Responsive residue(single peak)
(as Heptachlorepoxide) ≤1 ppt
Fluorescence at emission maximum for Impurities
(as Quinine sulfate) ≤1 ppm
Residue after evaporation ≤1 ppm
Water (by KF coulometry) ≤0.02%
Optical absorbance at
197 nm ≤1.00 AU
210 nm ≤0.40 AU
225 nm ≤0.10 AU
254 nm ≤0.01 AU
280 nm ≤0.01 AU

PACKAGING
Product Number: JPG005611 Unit Size: MT Packaging Type: 137kg Steel Drum
16MT ISO Tank

What are the upstream and downstream products of n-Heptane?

What are the upstream and downstream products of n-Heptane?

Junyuan Petroleum Group is the largest manufacturer specializing in the production of n-Heptane in China. It has undertaken many large-scale global n-Heptane demand projects and has many successful applications of n-Heptane customers. It provides an important basis for the scientific decision-making of global n-Heptane purchasers, suppliers, importers, chemical enterprises and pharmaceutical enterprises.

*Upstream Raw materials of n-Heptane

Cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane

Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: CIS-1,3-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE, 2532-58-3.

  • Boiling Point: 97.2±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Enthalpy of Vaporization: 30.4±0.0 kJ/mol
  • Density: 0.8±0.1 g/cm 3
  • Vapour Pressure: 48.2±0.1 mmHg 

3-hexylpentane

3-Ethylpentane. Molecular Formula C. 7. H. 16. Average mass 100.202 Da. Monoisotopic mass 100.125198 Da. ChemSpider ID 11551.

  • Boiling Point: 92.3±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Enthalpy of Vaporization: 31.1±0.0 kJ/mol
  • Density: 0.7±0.1 g/cm 3
  • Vapour Pressure: 58.8±0.1

N-alkane

Pure nalkanes are flame-sealed in glass ampoules or capillaries, or crimp-sealed in glass vials. Some nalkanes are stored as a drop of solidified wax at the end of a glass stick inside of a crimp-sealed glass vial. 

Methyl cyclohexane

Methylcyclohexane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 25°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Computed by LexiChem 2.6.6 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)

Molecular Formula: C7H14 or C6H11CH3
PubChem CID: 7962

Raffinate oil

In chemical separation terminology, the raffinate (from French raffiner, to refine) is a product which has had a component or components removed. The product having the removed materials is referred to as the extract. For example, in solvent extraction, the raffinate is the liquid stream which remains after solutes from the original liquid are removed through contact with an immiscible liquid. In metallurgy, raffinating refers to a process in which impurities are removed from liquid material.

The upstream and downstream products of n-Heptane?

*Downstream Products of n-Heptane

Downstream

Petroleum Industry
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as naphtha and hundreds of petrochemicals.

4-bromo-1-bromomethyl-2-p-chlorophenyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-nitrile

IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H13Br/c1-7-4-9(3)10(6-11)5-8(7)2/h4-5H,6H2,1-3H3 Copy IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZHGUKHABIUDZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 

2-p-chlorophenyl-1-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-nitrile

4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile | C13H7BrClF3N2 | CID 183558 – structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

  • Molecular Formula: C13H7BrClF3N2
  • PubChem CID: 183558

8-aminoisoquinoline

Synonyms: Isoquinolin-8-ylamine CAS No.: 23687-27-6 Molecular Formula: C9H8N2 Molecular Weight: 144.18 MDL No.: MFCD00179553 Storage Temperature: Store at 0-8°C

3-isopropyl phenylboric acid

(3-((2-Isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid. CAS Number: 1072951-74-6. Catalog Number: 1P003J80. MDL Number: MFCD22200781

Titanium trichloride / dialkyl aluminum chloride TiCl ^ {3 ^} / air ^ {3 ^} Cl

Titanium(III) chloride-aluminum chloride TiCl3:AlCl3 3:1; CAS Number: 12003-13-3; EC Number: 234-421-8; Synonyms: Aluminum titanium chloride; Linear Formula: (TiCl3)3 · AlCl3;

Sodium 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinol

 2Pyrimidinol, 5nitro-(CAS 3264-10-6)In-stock or Backordered impurities,Bulk custom synthesis,Formular C4H3N3O3,MW 141.0849 bulk manufacturing

2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-amine

Name:5-Amino-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine,CAS:91322-00-8.Properties:Molecular Fomula:C4H2Cl3N3,Molar Mass:198.438,Density:1.74g/cm 3,Boling Point:260.047°C at 760 mmHg,Flashing Point:111.073°C,Vapor Presure:0.013mmHg at 25°C,Refractive Index:1.645,MSDS,Hazard,Safety.
CAS: 91322-00-8
InChI: =1/C4H2Cl3N3/c5-2-1(8)3(6)10-4(7)9-2/h8H2
Name: 5-Amino-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine
Synonyms: 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-amine

Tetrahydropyranone

Building Blocks Tetrahydropyranone Tetrahydropyranone Category. Building Blocks Others. CAS NO. 29943-42-8. Structure.

Ziegler catalyst

Ziegler–Natta catalyst
A Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes. Two broad classes of Ziegler–Natta catalysts are employed, distinguished by their solubility
People also search for: Metallocene · Polyethylene · Polymerization · Radical Polymerization · Tacticity · High-density Polyethylene · Catalysis · Coordination Polymerization · Chain-growth Polymerization · Methylaluminoxane · Polyacetylene · Low-density Polyethylene · Copolymer · Wilkinson’s catalyst · Alkene

Methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-formate

Methyl 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate; CAS Number: 6299-85-0;

Fenpropathrin

Fenpropathrin

Pyrethroid Insecticide
Fenpropathrin
Fenpropathrin, or fenopropathrin, is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide in agriculture and household. Fenpropathrin is an ingestion and contact synthetic pyrethroid. Its mode of action is similar to other natural and synthetic pyrethroids where in they interfere with the kinetics of voltage gated sodium channels causing paralysis and death of the pest. Fenpropathrin was the first of the light-stable synthetic pyrethroids to be synthesized in 1971, but it was not commercialized until 1980. Like other pyrethroids with an α-cyano group, fenpropathrin also belongs to the termed type II pyrethroids. Type II pyrethroids are a more potent toxicant than type I in depolarizing insect nerves. Application rates of fenpropathrin in agriculture according to US environmental protection agency varies by crop but is not to exceed 0.4 lb ai/acre.

2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine

2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine 0.95; CAS Number: 31301-51-6; Linear Formula: C5H3ClFN;

5-amino-2-chloropyrimidine

5-Amino-2-chloropyridine was used in the synthesis of [2H5]2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine. It is used in identification and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective removal of potentially genotoxic aminopyridine impurities from pharmaceuticals.

benzenesulfenyl chloride

Benzenesulfonyl chloride is an organosulfur compound with the formula C₆H₅SO₂Cl. It is a colourless viscous oil that dissolves in organic solvents, but reacts with compounds containing reactive N-H and O-H bonds. It is mainly used to prepare sulfonamides and sulfonate esters by reactions with amines and alcohols, respectively. The closely related compound toluenesulfonyl chloride is often preferred analogue because it is a solid at room temperature and easier to handle.
Density: 1.38 g/cm³
Chemical formula: C₆H₅ClO₂S

Tert butyl Dimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate

Trifluoromethanesulfonate

Triflate, also known by the systematic name trifluoromethanesulfonate, is a functional group with the formula CF₃SO₃−. The triflate group is often represented by −OTf, as opposed to −Tf (triflyl). For example, n-butyl triflate can be written as CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OTf.

2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-formamido pyrimidine

The N- (2-Amino-4,6-Dichloro-5-Pyrimidinyl)Formamide, with the CAS registry number 171887-03-9, is also known as N- (2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)formamide; 2-Amino-4,6-dichloro-5-formamidopyrimidine.

4-formyl-15-crown-5

15-Crown-5

Crown Ether
15-Crown-5 is a crown ether with the formula₅. It is a cyclic pentamer of ethylene oxide that forms complex with various cations, including sodium and potassium, however, it is complementary to Na⁺ and thus has a higher selectivity for Na⁺ ions.
Density: 1.11 g/cm³

1-Nonanol

1-Nonanol

Straight Chain Fatty Alcohol
1-Nonanol
1-Nonanol/ˈnoʊnənɒl/ is a straight chain fatty alcohol with nine carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH₈OH. It is a colorless oily liquid with a citrus odor similar to citronella oil. Nonanol occurs naturally in orange oil. The primary use of nonanol is in the manufacture of artificial lemon oil. Various esters of nonanol, such as nonyl acetate, are used in perfumery and flavors.
Density: 0.83 g/cm³
Chemical formula: C9H20O
Average Molar mass: 144.26 g/mol
People also search for: 1-Decanol · 1-Octanol · 1-Heptanol · 1-Hexanol · 1-Pentanol · Octanol · Nonanal · n-Butanol · Dodecanol · Propyl alcohol · Butanol · 2-Nonanol · Methanol · Undecanol · 2-Ethylhexanol

2-p-chlorophenyl-4-bromo-1-methyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-nitrile

4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile | C13H7BrClF3N2 | CID 183558 – structure

  • Molecular Formula: C13H7BrClF3N2
  • PubChem CID: 183558

2 – (aminomethyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid

(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid
(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid ((+)-CAMP) is an agonist for the GABAA-rho receptor.
Average Molar mass: 115.13 g/mol
Chemical formula: C5NH9O2
Density: 1.27 g/cm³
People also search for: gabapentin · ciprofloxacin · Creatine · Amino acid · pregabalin · Carnitine · 5-Hydroxytryptophan · gamma-Aminobutyric acid · Citrulline · b-Alanine · Essential amino acid · latanoprost · tranexamic acid · Levodopa · prasugrel

Fenvalerate

Fenvalerate

Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide
Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is a mixture of four optical isomers which have different insecticidal activities. The 2-S alpha configuration, known as esfenvalerate, is the most insecticidally active isomer. Fenvalerate consists of about 23% of this isomer.
Average Molar mass: 419.90 g/mol
Boiling point: 1,002°F (538.90°C)
Density: 1.17 g/cm³
Chemical formula: C25H22ClNO3

2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine

2-Chloro-5-nitropyrimidine. 10320-42-0. 2-Chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidine. Pyrimidine, 2chloro5-nitro-MFCD04117995

  • Molecular Formula: C4H2ClN3O2
  • PubChem CID: 82544

1-methyl-1h-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid

This chemical’s molecular formula is C 5 H 6 N 2 O 2 and molecular weight is 126.11. Its systematic name is called 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid. This chemical is white crystalline solid which can be used as a useful synthetic intermediate for solid phase synthesis of polyamides containing imidazole.

Diuretic acid

Diuretic

Class of Drugs
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. A diuretic tablet is sometimes colloquially called a water tablet. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, through the kidneys. There exist several classes of diuretic, and each works in a distinct way. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin, is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine.
May treat: Heart Failure · Hypertension · Diabetes Insipidus · Nephritis · Nephrotic Syndrome · Glomerulonephritis · Persistent truncus arteriosus · Cardiovascular disease · Myocarditis · Metabolic syndrome · Acute tubular necrosis · Ménière’s disease · Atrial septal defect · Inflammatory heart disease

4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

Product Name: 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid CAS : 157335-93-8

Tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate

Tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate is a phosphorylating agent used to prepare prodrugs, which increase bioavailability, meaning that the drugs can be administered as injectables rather than tablets. These drugs are used in the treatment of viruses, cancer, and anti-emetics, such as fosaprepitant.

2-hydroxy-4,6-diaminopyrimidine

CAS: 56830-58-1 MDL: MFCD00082893 Synonyms: 2,5-Diamino-6hydroxy4(1H)-pyrimidinone Hydrochloride, 2,5-Diaminopyrimidine4,6-diol Hydrochloride

6,5-trichloro-pyrimidine

Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 212.7±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 23-25 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula C4HCl3N2
Molecular Weight 183.423
Flash Point 102.5±7.4 °C
Exact Mass 181.920532
PSA 25.78000
LogP 1.96
Vapour Pressure 0.2±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.579
Storage condition Refrigerator

What is the difference between upstream and downstream processes?

Whereas, the downstream process involves the processing of those cell masses from the upstream to meet quality and purity requirements as per need. This process involves cell disruption, purification and final polishing of the products. The first process involved as stated above in Upstream involves the separation of cells.

What are the different types of downstream businesses?

Companies engaged in the downstream process include oil refineries, petrochemical plants, petroleum product distributors, natural gas distributors, and even retail outlets. Some obvious oil and natural gas products are fuels like diesel, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuels.

What connects the upstream sector to the downstream sector?

Midstream sector The midstream sector connects the upstream sector to the downstream sector. Often times it is lumped in with the downstream sector. Pipelines and other transport systems can be used to move crude oil from production sites to refineries and deliver the various refined products to downstream distributors.

What are downstream activities?

Downstream activities revolve around turning crude oil and natural gas into the finished products that consumers use. The closer the company is to supplying customers with products, the further downstream they are in the supply chain.

Downstream vs Upstream The main difference between upstream and downstream production processes is that the upstream process refers to all the activities performed to gather all the initial materials for manufacturing, whereas the downstream process includes the refining of crude oil and the retailing of the products to the consumers.

What does upstream mean in the oil and gas industry?

Upstream is a term for the operations stages in the oil and gas industry that involve exploration and production. Oil and gas companies can generally be divided into three segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Upstream firms deal primarily with the exploration and initial production stages of the oil and gas industry.

How to purify n-Heptane?

How to purify n-Heptane?
There are two methods to purify n-Heptane:

Taking n-heptane as the model compound of alkanes in light straight run naphtha, the cracking reaction of n-heptane on HZSM-5 catalyst was studied and compared with the cracking reaction of 1-heptene. The effects of hydrothermal treatment and carrier properties on the cracking reaction were investigated The results show that the content of small molecular alkanes such as hydrogen, methane and ethane in n-heptane cracking products is much higher than that in 1-heptane cracking. It is speculated that it is mainly caused by the unique single molecular cracking path of alkanes, and the content of low-carbon olefins such as propylene and butene in liquefied gas (LPG) is low; After hydrothermal treatment, the amount of acid decreased sharply, and the relative content of strong B acid decreased, resulting in significant reduction of catalyst activity, reduction of hydrogen transfer reaction and significant increase of olefin degree in cracking gas At the same time, the molar ratio of C3 / C4 in the product decreased, which reduced the probability of inferring the single molecular path in the cracking reaction The carrier also has a great influence on the cracking reaction behavior of n-heptane. The presence of Lewis acid in the carrier can promote the conversion of n-heptane and increase the proportion of BIMOLECULAR CRACKING path in the initial reaction Generally speaking, compared with olefin molecules, alkanes have lower reaction activity and olefin selectivity, so they are not an ideal raw material for catalytic cracking on molecular sieve catalysts to produce low-carbon olefinsRemoving impurities from the heptane stream by contacting the heptane stream with an acidic catalyst, wherein the contact reduces the concentration of one or more near boiling impurities, one or more olefins, or both. Impurities are isomerized into substances with low octane number or boiling point not close to the boiling point of n-heptane through contact with acidic catalyst, which helps to separate impurities by distillation. Near boiling point impurities may include compounds such as cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane, or compounds with boiling points in the range of about 96.5 to about 100.5 degrees Celsius at a standard pressure of 760 Torr, including compounds such as cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane. The concentrations of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane can be reduced by at least 25% and 10% by weight, respectively. The olefin concentration measured by bromine index can be reduced by at least about 25% (by weight).

1. After nickel catalyzed hydrogenation, a small amount of normal olefins are saturated and converted into normal alkanes, and the iodine value is reduced to less than 0.1g iodine / 100g. Finally, standard n-Heptane with purity of 99.9% was obtained by distillation. Industrial grade n-Heptane can also be purified by concentrated sulfuric acid washing and methanol azeotropic distillation.
2. Hydrocarbon fraction of petroleum. It can contain n-Heptane, dimethylcyclopentane, 3-ethylpentane, methylcyclohexane and 3-methylcyclohexane.

Purification Methods of n-Heptane

Light naphtha isomerization oil does not contain sulfur, aromatics, olefins and other substances. It is one of the blending components of clean gasoline with high octane number. Normal C5 and C6 isomerization in light naphtha is easy and has realized industrial production, while long-chain alkane isomerization represented by n-heptane is difficult. Once a breakthrough is made, it will bring great technological progress to the production of high octane number gasoline. Ptwo3 / ZrO2 Catalyst has the advantages of good thermal stability, strong acidity, simple preparation method, reusable and good isomerization performance. It has become a research hotspot of n-heptane isomerization catalyst. In this paper, Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst was further modified by Cr and other metals to improve the performance of the catalyst in n-heptane isomerization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst Modified by rare earth metals such as PR, CE, La and Rb and transition metals such as Cr, Co, Zn and Fe was prepared by impregnation method. The modified catalyst was characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, bet, H2-TPR and SEM, Combined with the fixed bed reactor, the catalytic performance of the catalyst for n-heptane isomerization was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that among the above metal modified catalysts, Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst has large specific surface area and strong acidity, and shows better catalytic activity in n-heptane isomerization. (2) The effects of WO3 content, Cr content, calcination temperature and calcination time on the isomerization of n-heptane over Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst were investigated. The results showed that the isomerization performance of the catalyst was better when the load of WO3 was 18wt%, the content of Cr was 1.0wt%, the calcination temperature was 800 ℃ and the calcination time was 3H. At this time, the yield of isoheptane was about 73% and the conversion of n-heptane was about 82%. (3) The effects of reaction pressure, reaction temperature, molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon and space velocity reaction conditions on n-heptane isomerization over Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst were investigated. The results show that the catalytic performance is the best when the reaction pressure is 1.0MPa, the reaction temperature is 220 ℃, the molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon is 9 and the space velocity is 1.05 ~ 1.4h-1. The yield of n-heptane is about 75%. (4) The stability of Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst was investigated, and Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst was applied to the isomerization of light naphtha raw materials. The results showed that Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst did not inactivate after 500 hours of n-heptane isomerization, and the catalyst was stable; Cr2O3 Pt / WO3 / ZrO2 Catalyst has good isomerization performance in actual naphtha raw materials, and the octane number of chromatography is increased by about 28 units.

6,500 TEU CMA CGM RABELAIS adrift, AIS off, after explosion, fire

6,500 TEU CMA CGM RABELAIS adrift, AIS off, after explosion, fire

Container ship CMA CGM RABELAIS while en route from Tanjung Pelepas to Nhava Sheva India, suffered explosion, followed by fire, in western Malacca Strait between Andaman islands and Banda Aceh Sumatra at around 1230 UTC Apr 6. The went NUC, adrift, AIS off since the time of explosion.
Container ship CMA CGM RABELAIS, IMO 9406635, dwt 83317, capacity 6540 TEU, built 2010, flag Malta.

Breaking News! A container ship loaded with Chinese goods exploded and caught fire! Port Klang fire: 22 containers burned and 38 damaged.

On April 6, a container ship exploded and caught fire! Full load of Chinese goods has been attached to Qingdao / Shanghai / Ningbo / Nansha port.
On April 4, the fire in Basang port: 22 containers were burned and 38 were damaged.
Pay attention to cargo damage and shipping delay!

A container ship loaded with Chinese goods exploded and caught fire!

At around 1230 UTC time on April 6, a 6570teu container ship named “CMA CGM Rabelais” exploded in the west of the Strait of Malacca between the Andaman Islands and Banda Aceh, Sumatra, followed by a fire.

At the time of the incident, the container ship “CMA CGM Rabelais” was sailing from Tanjung pelepas to Nhava Sheva, India. According to foreign media reports, the ship’s AIS has been closed and has been drifting since the explosion. The specific cause of the accident is not known.

“CMA CGM Rabelais” was deployed on the AS1 (Asia subcontaint express 1) route of Shanghai / India and Pakistan of APL. At the time of the incident, it was carrying out the “0ff5hw1ma” voyage, involving multiple shipping companies including anl, APL, CMA CGM, CNC, COSCO Shipping, gold star line, OOCL and Zim.

Container ship “CMA CGM Rabelais”: IMO 9406635, deadweight ton 83317, transport capacity 6570teu, built in 2010, flying the flag of Malta.
Starting from Asia, the ship docked at Qingdao port on March 20-22, Shanghai port on March 26, Ningbo port on March 27-28 and Nansha port on March 31, and then arrived at Singapore port and sailed to Nhava Sheva.



Freight forwarders and cargo owners, please pay attention to the notice of the shipping company in time to understand the damage of container goods and the shipping date.

Data chart of “CMA CGM Rabelais” Ship

Ship Information:
CMA CGM RABELAIS (IMO: 9406635) is a Container Ship registered and sailing under the flag of Malta.  Her gross tonnage is 72884 and deadweight is 83317.  CMA CGM RABELAIS was built in 2010.  CMA CGM RABELAIS length overall (LOA) is 299.93 m, beam is 40.06 m. Her container capacity is 6570 TEU.  The ship is operated by DANAOS SHIPPING CO LTD.

Port Klang fire: 22 containers burned and 38 damaged

Breaking! A fire broke out in Bassin West Port. It took firefighters 11 hours to control the fire, which burned dozens of containers and goods.

Su bamalian, general manager of basheng port authority, said on the 5th that the fire broke out at 4:15 p.m. on the 4th. The Fire Department tried to rescue and took full control of the fire at about 3 a.m. on the 5th. The accident did not cause casualties, and the authorities are currently investigating the cause of the fire.


According to the announcement issued by the basheng port authority on the 5th, the fire occurred at block 07j Bay 0506, 0506 Bay, basheng West Port at 4:15 p.m. on the 4th, burning 22 containers in total; In addition, 38 containers were damaged. These containers are used to store “ordinary goods”, namely dry general purpose, and do not involve any dangerous goods. “Except that the fire area was blocked for investigation, the unloading machinery in the port was not affected. Now all loading and unloading transportation work is carried out as usual.”

Snow state fire bureau director Noah Zhan said earlier that the initial fire was eight containers, which were divided into two rows, overlapping and juxtaposing up and down. The West port authorities tried to move the remaining containers away to avoid being affected.

Preliminary investigation showed that the goods in the container on fire included auto parts, audio equipment, cotton fabrics, baby walker, lubricating oil, lines and roof support system.

Uses of 2-Methylpentane (Isohexane)  

2-Methylpentane is employed as a raw material, rubber solvent and vegetable oil extraction solvent. It is also used as a solvent in adhesives. Further, it is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and finds application in food, preservatives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, beverages and flavor enhancer.
Boiling Point: 61°C to 62°C
Density: 0.653
Flash Point: −40°C (−40°F)
Melting Point: 154°C
Hexane has been used for decades to extract edible oil from cottonseed. However, due to increased regulations affecting hexane because of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the oil-extraction industry urgently needs alternative hydrocarbon solvents to replace hexane. Five solvents,n-heptane, isohexane, neohexane, cyclohexane, and cylopentane, were compared with commercial hexane using a benchscale extractor. The extractions were done with a solvent to cottonseed flake ratio of 5.5 to 1 (w/w) and a miscella recycle flow rate of 36 mL/min/sq cm (9 gal/min/sq ft) at a temperature of 10 to 45°C below the boiling point of the solvent. After a 10-min single-stage extraction, commercial hexane removed 100% of the oil from the flakes at 55°C; heptane extracted 100% at 75°C and 95.9% at 55°C; isohexane extracted 93.1% at 45°C; while cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and neohexane removed 93.3, 89.4, and 89.6% at 35, 55, and 35°C, respectively. Each solvent removed gossypol from cottonseed flakes at a different rate, with cyclopentane being most and neohexane least effective. Based on the bench-scale extraction results and the availability of these candidate solvents, heptane and isohexane are the alternative hydrocarbon solvents most likely to replace hexane.

The Hexane Market is Segmented by Type (n-Hexane, Isohexane, Neohexane), Grade (Polymer Grade, Food Grade, Other Grades), Application (Industrial Solvents, Edible Oil Extractant, Adhesives and Sealants, Paints and Coatings, Other Applications), and Geography (Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, and Middle East & Africa).

The hexane arket report include: 

Type
n-Hexane
Isohexane
Neohexane
Grade
Polymer Grade
Food Grade
Other Grades
Application
Industrial Solvents
Edible Oil Extractant
Adhesives and Sealants
Paints and Coatings
Other Applications
Geography
Asia-Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Rest of Asia-Pacific
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Rest of Europe
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa

Edible Oil Extraction to Dominate the Market

  • Hexane is increasingly being used as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops, e.g., peanuts, soybeans, corn, etc.
  • Hexane has a greater ability to extract oil, compared to other solvents, like petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. It easily mixes with vegetable oil and washes it out without disturbing fiber, protein, sugar, and undesired gums.
  • Growth in the edible oil segment can be attributed to the rising awareness among consumers about the use of refined oil and the impact it has on health.
  • According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the consumption of edible oils like soybean oil, in 2019, in the United States, was 10,659 metric ton and canola oil was 2,465 metric ton. Moreover, according to the Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade, in India, the investment value in the vegetable oil sector, in 2019, was around INR 18 billion.
  • Additionally, the consumers are inclined to pay higher prices for healthy food products, owing to the increasing food-based health challenges, such as high cholesterol, obesity, etc.
  • The growing popularity of edible oils with added health benefits in many countries is shaping the purchase decisions of edible oils, which are high in omega 3, vitamins, oryzanol, natural antioxidants, and others. Thus, exhibiting the likely demand for edible oils in the forthcoming years.

Use of leaching solvent in preparing edible fat and oil

A leaching solvent used for preparing edible oils is characterized in that the solvent is applied to the leaching process of edible oil preparation so as to leach oil from materials. The solvent consists of the following components by weight ratio: 94 to 100 percent of isohexane, 0 to 3 percent of normal hexane and 0 to 3 percent of butane and pentane; the leaching process includes the following steps of: 1) leaching: the leaching temperature is 48 to 53 DEG C and a mass ratio between the materials and solvent is 1/1 to 0.8; mixed oil and leached wet meal are obtained; 2) desolventizing: the finished meal is obtained; 3) the evaporation of a first long-tube; 4) the evaporation of a second long-tube; mixed oil is obtained; and 5) steam stripping: raw oil is obtained. The solvent of the invention is mainly composed of isohexane so as to largely reduce the harm to the health of operators exposed in the manufacturing environment; the product quality can be enhanced and the protection to environment can be enhanced; the latent heat for the evaporation of isohexane is low and then the energy cost required by the solvent recycling can be effectively reduced.

Corn oil (maize oil) is oil extracted from the germ of corn (maize). Its main use is in cooking, where its high smoke point makes refined corn oil a valuable frying oil. It is also a key ingredient in some margarines. Corn oil is generally less expensive than most other types of vegetable oils.

Corn oil is also a feedstock used for biodiesel. Other industrial uses for corn oil include soap, salve, paint, erasers, rustproofing for metal surfaces, inks, textiles, nitroglycerin, and insecticides. It is sometimes used as a carrier for drug molecules in pharmaceutical preparations.

Global n-Hexane market dynamics 

Demand for n-Hexane, especially in developing region such Asia Pacific, is expected to boost the demand of the global n-Hexane market over the forecast period. Excellent properties of n-Hexane to remove odor and unwanted taste are expected to propel the demand of n-Hexane from the edible oil industry. n-Hexane has the ability to remove unwanted taste and odor and this is the precise reason that the demand for n-Hexane has increased in edible oil industry. However, the consumers from developed regions are shifting from refined oil to cold-pressed oil owing to its superior health benefits. Cold pressing is a natural way to produce oil which does not contain solvent residues, no preservatives with natural antioxidants. In addition, Isohexane, a hexane isomer is used as a substitute of n-Hexane in few oilseed extraction applications. Due to toxic nature of n-Hexane, it has been substituted by n-heptane in some pharmaceutical applications. This may retard the growth of the n-Hexane market.

Almost all corn oil is expeller-pressed, then solvent-extracted using hexane or 2-methylpentane (isohexane). The solvent is evaporated from the corn oil, recovered, and re-used. After extraction, the corn oil is then refined by degumming and/or alkali treatment, both of which remove phosphatides. Alkali treatment also neutralizes free fatty acids and removes color (bleaching). Final steps in refining include winterization (the removal of waxes), and deodorization by steam distillation of the oil at 232–260 °C (450–500 °F) under a high vacuum.

Some specialty oil producers manufacture unrefined, 100%-expeller-pressed corn oil. This is a more expensive product since it has a much lower yield than the combination expeller and solvent process, as well as a smaller market share.

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