Archives November 1, 2020

Market trend forecast on pentane blends (n-/isopentane)

Pentane Blends: it is expected that the international crude oil and gasoline will fall first and then rise in the next month. In terms of Pentane Blends, some refineries in Shandong Province have medium and high inventories and will deliver goods.

The pressure is high, and the crude oil and gasoline prices may show a downward trend at the beginning of the month, so the Pentane Blends price is expected to decline steadily at the beginning of the month.
The risk of continuous plummeting of crude oil and even bottom collapse is relatively low. The sustained inhibition brought by overseas epidemic situation is still continuing, but it should not become worse.
In the negative event, the current price of gasoline is near the cost line, and the decline is limited, and there is a possibility of bottoming out. Crude oil and gasoline prices may rise
Driven by Pentane Blends price rebound, so it is expected that the overall trend of Pentane Blends in the next month will show a downward trend and then an upward trend.
Data source from: Chemical Information News

Product description
Heptane (n-Heptane), 99+%
CAS: 142-82-5
FORMULA: CH3(CH2)5CH3
For Research & Development Not for drug, human, animal, or food use Specifications:
Content of n-Heptane, w%, ≥99
Distillation range, primary distillation point, dry point (℃), ≥94 ≤99
Density (20 ℃), kg / m3, 650-690
Bromine index, MGBR / 100g, ≤100
Saybolt Colour, ≥+28
Sulfur content, mg/kg, ≤2
Micro aromatic hydrocarbon, ppm, ≤10
Water w/v%, ≤0.1
Nonvolatile content, w/v%, ≤0.005

n-Heptane, 99%
CAS No. 142-82-5

Product Details
Manufacturer : Junyuan Petroleum Group
Package Dimensions : 137kg steel drums, 16mt ISO Tank

Customer questions & answers:
n-Heptane synonyms, n-Heptane pronunciation, definition of n-Heptane. n. Any of several isomeric, volatile, colorless, highly flammable liquid hydrocarbons, C7H16, obtained in the fractional distillation of petroleum.
What is the formula for n-Heptane?
n-Heptane is the straight chain form of the hydrocarbon with the formula C7H16.
What is Heptanes?
Heptanes is a mixture of the isomers of n-heptane. It can include these different forms and the straight chain n-heptane (above). There are different configurations of the C7H16.
What is heptane used for?
Heptane is a water-insoluble hydrocarbon obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum characterized by its petrol-like odor and colorless nature. It is used in the manufacturing of paint and coating additives, adhesives, sealants, chemical intermediates and formulation solvents in industrial and consumer use.
What are the health effects of n-heptane?
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to n-Heptane: * n-Heptanecan irritate the eyes, nose and throat. * Exposure can cause headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, lack of coordination and loss of consciousness. * Loss of appetite and/or nausea may occur.
What are the properties of heptane?
Structure and Properties of Heptane. Heptane is the name for the straight-chained saturated hydrocarbon with 7 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms. The 7 carbon atoms are connected in one long chain with no branches. It is said to be fully saturated because it contains no double bonds between carbons.

If the water that reaches the surface is not hot enough to produce steam, it can still be used to produce electricity by feeding it into a Binary Power Plant. The hot water is fed into a heat exchanger. The heat from the water is absorbed by a liquid such as isopentane which boils at a lower temperature. The isopentane steam is used to drive turbines, producing electricity.

What is a binary power plant?
Binary Power Plants. Binary plants, like dry-steam and flash-steam plants, make use of naturally sourced hot steam generated by activity from within the Earth’s core. All geothermal plants convert thermal energy to mechanical energy, then finally to electrical energy.

Why is isopentane suitable for geothermal power plants?
This is one reason isopentane is suitable as a working fluid in binary geothermal power plants. Isopentane has other advantageous thermophysical properties such as a relatively low boiling temperature that matches well with the brine in the heat exchange system and a relatively high heat capacity.

What are the uses of isopentane?
Another use of isopentane is in a type of geothermal plant known as a binary cycle power plant. Geothermal plants tap into heat energy deep in the earth and convert it to electricity. This kind of geothermal plant can use cooler reservoirs than other types. ORC is the Rankine process, where instead of the water some organic compound is used as a flowing medium (toluene, isobutene, isopentane or silicon fluids). ORC is one way to generate electricity and heat in lower temperatures. Heat from evaporation of organic fluid is less than that of water.

Why are binary power plants important?
Binary power plants are used to produce power from low to medium temperature heat sources. Since the predominant part of the worldwide geothermal potential is based on a temperature level between 100° and 200°C, binary power plants will play a more and more important role for geothermal power generation in the future.

What is isopentane and propane?
Butane, Isobutane, Propane and Isopentane are volatile substances derived from petroleum and natural gas. These ingredients are used in cosmetics and personal care products as a replacements for chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC propellants, some of which have been shown to have negative effects on the environment.

Is isopentane a liquid?

Isopentane is a liquid. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of shaving cream, cleansing products, hair conditioners, and makeup.

What are the uses of pentane?
As well as being used as fuel, pentane has numerous industrial uses. Primarily, pentane is used to create a blowing agent which is then used to create a foam known as polystyrene. Polystyrene is used to make insulation materials for refrigerators and heating pipes. As well, pentane is used in geothermal power stations as a “binary” fluid.

“ORCs are the unrivalled technical solution for generating electricity from low-medium temperature heat sources of limited capacity”
cit. Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC) Power Systems – E.Macchi, M.Astolfi

Traditionally, in large-scale power generation, steam cycles are the preferred solution for heat recovery and external combustion of solid and heavy fuels, while internal combustion engines are the usual choice for clean and standard liquid or gas fuels.

Still there is a large variety of energy sources, with limited temperature and/or thermal power available, for which gas and steam cycles are not a convenient choice, Organic Rankine Cycles have proven to be the most technically and economically valuablesolution available, offering higher performance, flexibility, and lower capital costs.

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are used for power production from low to medium temperature heat sources in the range of 80 to 350 °C and for small-medium applications at any temperature level. This technology allows for exploitation of low-grade heat that otherwise would be wasted.

The working principle of an Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is similar to the most widely used process for power generation, the Clausius-Rankine Cycle. The main difference is the use of organic substances instead of water (steam) as working fluid. The organic working fluid has a lower boiling point and a higher vapour pressure than water and is therefore able to use low temperature heat sources to produce electricity. The organic fluid is chosen to best fit the heat source according to their differing thermodynamic properties, thus obtaining higher efficiencies of both cyle and expander.

The main components of an Organic Rankine Cycle power plant design are:

• 1. THE TURBINEit’s the key component of the entire ORC power plant, which determines the ORC system performance. It expands the working fluid producing mechanical energy that is converted into electricity by a generator coupled with the turbine shaft.
• 2. THE HEAT EXCHANGERSThe working fluid flows through the heat exchangers, extracting the heat from the heat source. Shell and tube heat exchangers are usually applied but they can vary geometry and configuration depending on the energy source and the total thermal input.
• 3. THE CONDENSERWith the direct air to fluid heat exchanger, the organic fluid is cooled and liquefied before entering the pump. The use of air eliminates the requirement for water to treatment and make up. It is possible to use also a water cooled condenser.
• 4. THE FEED PUMP Brings the organic fluid from the condensation pressure to the maximum pressure of the Organic Rankine Cycle. The pump is usually driven by an electric motor at variable rotating speed.

By converting thermal energy to electricity at low temperature, ORCs are suitable for a wide range of applications, with plant size between 100 kW ad 50 MWe including:

Low-medium enthalpy geothermal sources exploitation (90 – 260 °C)
Biomass
Power generation from waste heat in industrial processes
Power generation increasing efficiency of systems based on diesel and gas turbines and reciprocating engines

Organic Rankine cycle usually uses low boiling point organic working fluids, such as atmospheric ethane, n-Pentane and Isopentane, etc. the medium and low-temperature geothermal fluid is used to exchange heat with low boiling point organic working fluid to make the latter evaporate and generate steam with high pressure to drive steam turbine to do power generation.

The main components of an Organic Rankine Cycle power plant design are:

1. The turbine
2. The heat exchangers
3. The condenser
4. The feed pump

What is organic Rankine cycle? Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) are a technology suitable for the exploitation of many different energy sources and are particularly suitable for medium–low temperature heat sources and/or for small available thermal power. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) development started in the 1850s and followed the development of steam engines.

How does the Rankine cycle work? The heat is supplied to a closed loop, which typically uses water as working fluid. The Rankine Cycle based on water provides approximately 85% of worldwide electricity production. The Organic Rankine Cycle’s principle is based on a turbogenerator working as a conventional steam turbine to transform thermal energy into mechanical energy.

When did the Organic Rankine cycle start?Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) development started in the 1850s and followed the development of steam engines.

What is the efficiency of a Rankine cycle? Organic Rankine cycles, in general, have low thermodynamic efficiency due to limited temperature differences between the heat source and heat sink streams. Therefore, the efficiency of the overall cycle is highly sensitive to the efficiency of the expansion machine.