Tag n-Pentane

n-Pentane and isopentane are two isomers of pentane, a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. They have the same molecular formula, C5H12, but different structures. n-Pentane has a straight chain of five carbon atoms, while isopentane has a branched chain with four carbon atoms in a row and one carbon atom attached to the second carbon atom. The difference in structure affects their physical properties, such as boiling point. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas. In this report, we will compare the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and explain the factors that determine them.

Results and Discussion

The data shows that the boiling point of n-pentane is higher than that of isopentane. According to the web search results, the boiling point of n-pentane is 36.1°C, while the boiling point of isopentane is 27.9°C. This means that n-pentane requires more energy to vaporize than isopentane. The reason for this difference is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules that hold them together in a liquid or a solid. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.

The main type of intermolecular force in n-pentane and isopentane is the van der Waals force, which is a weak attraction between the temporary dipoles of the molecules. A dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A temporary dipole is a dipole that forms when the electrons in a molecule are unevenly distributed at a certain moment. The temporary dipole of one molecule can induce a temporary dipole in another molecule, creating a van der Waals force between them.

The strength of the van der Waals force depends on the size and shape of the molecules. The larger and more elongated the molecule, the stronger the van der Waals force. This is because a larger and more elongated molecule has more surface area for the temporary dipoles to interact. n-Pentane has a larger and more elongated molecule than isopentane, as shown in the figure below.

![n-pentane and isopentane structures]

Therefore, n-pentane has stronger van der Waals forces than isopentane, and thus a higher boiling point.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, we have analyzed the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and found that n-pentane has a higher boiling point than isopentane due to the stronger van der Waals forces between its molecules. This analysis demonstrates the importance of molecular structure in determining the physical properties of substances. We recommend that you use this knowledge to understand the behavior of other hydrocarbons and their isomers.

# Polyurethane Foaming Technology Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile material with excellent properties, widely used in various industries such as automotive, household appliances, construction, electronics, footwear, packaging, helmets, sports equipment, and more. Polyurethane foaming agent is the most important additive in PU foam plastics, which directly affects the physical and mechanical properties, foam density, temperature resistance, and other aspects of PU foam. The foaming agents used to produce PU foam are usually divided into two types: chemical foaming agents and physical foaming agents. ## Chemical foaming agents Chemical foaming agents are gases produced by chemical reactions (water and isocyanate react to release CO₂) that make polyurethane foam. Examples are water, formic acid, higher organic acids (carboxylic acids), etc. ## Physical foaming agents Physical foaming agents are vaporized by the heat generated by the polyurethane polymerization reaction, making polyurethane foam. ## The evolution of foaming agents The first generation of foaming agents: low-boiling hydrocarbon compounds, mainly CFC-11, CFC-12, etc. In recent years, it has been found that these compounds are the culprit of destroying the earth’s ozone layer. After the fluorochlorocarbons enter the stratosphere, they are exposed to intense ultraviolet rays and release chlorine atoms, which cause the ozone layer to break and form ozone holes, endangering the survival of humans and other organisms. They were completely banned in 2010. The second generation of foaming agents: HCFCs (HCFC-141b difluorodichloroethane), with ideal thermal conductivity values, do not require major changes in production processes, and are widely used. However, they have high prices, and to achieve the same insulation effect as CFC-11, the foam density needs to be increased by about 10%; HCFCs have ODP values (ozone depletion potential), which still cause damage to the ozone layer. They are only a transitional foaming agent and will be gradually restricted to banned. The third generation of foaming agents: They are green foaming agents with performance close to CFC-11 and ODP (ozone depletion potential) of zero, such as HFCs, liquid CO₂, pentane series, etc. The pentane series includes cyclopentane, isopentane, and n-pentane (C5H12), which have an ODP (ozone depletion potential) value of zero, a low GWP (global warming potential) value, low toxicity, and little impact on the environment. At present, developed countries have fully applied the third-generation foaming agents. The domestic polyurethane industry started late, and small and medium-sized manufacturers of PU polyurethane composite panels are still using the second generation. Baoye Group’s Italian fully automatic composite panel production line in the Economic Development Zone of Deyang City, Sichuan Province uses the third-generation n-pentane series from Junyuan Petroleum Group, which is green and environmentally friendly, and contributes more to the realization of the country’s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” dual carbon goals. ## N-pentane polyurethane foaming technology ### The characteristics of n-pentane Appearance and properties: colorless transparent liquid, with a faint aromatic odor. Melting point (℃): -129.8 Relative density (water=1): 0.63 Boiling point (℃): 36.1 Relative vapor density (air=1): 2.48 Critical temperature (℃): 196.4 Critical pressure (MPa): 3.37 Flash point (℃): -40 Explosion upper limit (%): 7.8 Ignition temperature (℃): 260 Explosion lower limit (%): 1.5 It is mainly used in the continuous production line of polyurethane panels, as polystyrene foaming and polyurethane foaming. ### The requirements of n-pentane for equipment 1. Because n-pentane is flammable, explosive, and volatile, it has special requirements for pumps and pipelines. For users with large production volume, it is recommended to use underground storage tanks. 2. During the production process, to prevent n-pentane leakage, ventilation should be paid attention to at all times, and n-pentane leakage sensors should be installed in the main positions. 3. The metering device should be installed in a separate ventilated room and equipped with a n-pentane leakage sensor. The pre-pressure and high-pressure of the pump should be equipped with detection devices. 4. The equipment should meet the requirements of producing high flame retardant (PIR) double-track of more than 30 meters. ### The advantages of n-pentane foaming technology 1. Compared with cyclopentane, n-pentane has better foam size stability. After the panel is formed, the shrinkage of the panel in the thickness and width directions is smaller than that of cyclopentane foam. 2. N-pentane foaming products have higher compressive strength in the thickness direction than cyclopentane and HCFC-141b foaming products. The compressive strength of PIRI can reach 182kPa. 3. Under almost the same foam core density, the feed density of the n-pentane foaming formula is lower. This means that the feed amount is reduced, the foam cost has a downward trend, and the compressive strength of the foam can reach the same or higher level. 4. Because HCFC-141b is highly polar and hydrophilic, n-pentane is weakly polar and oleophilic, and isocyanate is also oleophilic, n-pentane has better solubility with isocyanate, and the emulsification effect is better during high-pressure mixing in production. Therefore, the hard foam after n-pentane foaming has uniform and finer pores. 5. After a certain formula adjustment, the flame retardant performance of the n-pentane foaming product can reach or exceed the HCFC-141b foaming product. 6. The thermal insulation performance of the polyurethane rigid foam made by using n-pentane as a foaming agent can meet the thermal insulation performance requirements of cold storage panels. Foaming agents are related to the molding and insulation of polyurethane foam, which affects the product quality; they are also related to human protection of the atmosphere and the impact on climate change.

Choosing between n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopenane depends on the intended use. Here are some general differences between them:

• Pentane is a colorless, volatile liquid, mainly used for chemical experiments, solvent and solvent mixture preparation, and also an important raw material in the petroleum industry.
• When buying pentane, you should pay attention to the following aspects:
  • Purity: The higher the purity of pentane, the better its performance and quality, but the higher the price. According to different uses, you can choose different purity grades, such as AR, CP, GCS, GR, HPLC, agricultural residue grade, etc.
  • Packaging: Pentane is a flammable liquid and should be packed and stored in suitable sealed containers to prevent leakage and fire. Generally speaking, the packaging specifications of pentane are 200L steel drums and ISO tank containers.
  • Price: The price of pentane is affected by many factors such as market supply and demand, raw material cost, transportation cost, etc., generally ranging from hundreds of USD to thousands of USD. When buying, you should compare the quotations of different manufacturers and channels, and choose products with high cost performance.
  • Manufacturer: There are many manufacturers of pentane, and there are great differences in production scale, technology level, product quality, etc. You should fully understand the qualifications, reputation, after-sales service, etc. of the manufacturers when buying. You can choose regular, professional and reliable manufacturers through the Internet, industry associations, peer recommendations, etc.

n–Pentane belongs to the fourth generation of hydrocarbon foaming agent, and is currently the best substitute product for chlorofluorocarbon foaming agent (141b). With the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high performance, it is widely used in cold storage insulation panels, Animal husbandry and fungus breeding plates, refrigerated vehicle insulation materials, pipeline insulation materials and other fields.

n-Pentane (n-Pentane) chemical formula C₅H₁₂, the fifth member of alkanes. There are 2 isomers of n-pentane: isopentane (boiling point 28°C) and neopentane (boiling point 10°C), the term “pentane” usually refers to n-pentane, its linear isomer.

Uses of n-Pentane: 1. Used as a low boiling point solvent, foaming agent in plastic industry, also used with 2-methylbutane as automobile and aircraft fuel, artificial ice, anesthetic, and synthesis of amyl alcohol and isopentane.

The price of n-Pentane in Chinese market today, CNY/MT, is for reference only, and the final transaction price shall prevail.

General description. Pentane, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon, is one of the main constituents of light straight-run (LSR) gasoline fraction in crude oils. Its isomerization can improve the octane number of gasoline.

n-Pentane is a volatile, isomeric, organic compound consisting of an alkane with five carbon atoms. Available in various quantities, purities, and reagent grades, it is an evaporable, nonpolar solvent used in liquid chromatography and industrial applications.

However, the name Pentane can sometimes refer to the two branched-form isomers of C5H12, which are methylbutane (isopentane) and dimethylpropane (neopentane). Unsurprisingly, Pentane exhibits similar chemical properties to the neighboring alkanes.

Are you looking for Pentane manufacturers in China? Find where to buy Pentane products from suppliers in China, including: distributors, industrial manufacturers in China, bulk supplies and wholesalers of n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane and Pentane Blends. Search for Pentane products or transportation services, visit our website.

Pentane | C5H12 | – structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

Pentane. CH3(CH2)3CH3. Synonyms: . CAS 109-66-0. Molecular Weight 72.15. Browse Pentane and related products at Junyuan Petroleum.

What are the different types of pentane?

Based on type, the market is classified into n-pentane, isopentane, and Cyclopentane. n-Pentane generated the maximum revenue in 2022, and is expected to remain dominant throughout the analysis period, as it is widely used in various personal care and industrial aerosol products as an aerosol propellant.

n-Pentane

Many manufacturers will be using a new, more environmentally friendly insulation material, called cyclopentane, in the manufacture of select refrigerators and freezers. Cyclopentane is a blowing agent for the polyurethane foams that are used to insulate refrigerators and freezers. Unlike some other chemicals used to insulate refrigerators, cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs). Using cyclopentane results in significant reductions in equivalent CO₂ emissions. The most common foam-blowing agents currently used in the U.S. are R134a and R245fa. These industry-standard insulations can have a global warming potential (GWP) as high as 1300 (134a) and 950 (245a). In contrast, the foam-blowing agent cyclopentane has a GWP of approximately 10. When it comes to GWPs, the lower the number is, the better it is for the environment, so cyclopentane is clearly the more environmentally friendly choice. Cyclopentane increases the efficiency of the insulation foam by approximately 4 percent over the R134a foam currently used in most refrigeration products. Cyclopentane has been very popular as a blowing agent in Europe since the early 1990s, but the cost of retrofitting existing production facilities and the lack of U.S. regulations restricting the use of HFCs has delayed implementation in the U.S. However, there are other manufacturers currently selling refrigerators in the U.S. that use cyclopentane. Compared to other insulating foams, cyclopentane is competitively priced and relatively easy to produce. Like many gases, in its pure form, cyclopentane is a highly evaporative and flammable material. However once foamed, the unit is no more hazardous than a unit foamed with other blowing agents. As with any of our manufacturing processes, we’ve integrated a wide variety of redundant engineering and operational safeguards. To learn more about cyclopentane, click here.

 Common questions about cyclopentane

Q: What is this new material being used in the foam insulation?
A: The new material is called cyclopentane, a highly evaporative gas that is used to apply the foam insulations in refrigeration units. 

Q: What is cyclopentane?
A: Cyclopentane is a blowing agent for the polyurethane foams that are used to insulate refrigerators and freezers. 

Q: What are the benefits of using cyclopentane instead of other materials?
A: From an environmental perspective, unlike some other chemicals used to insulate refrigerators, cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs). Using cyclopentane results in significant reductions in equivalent CO₂ emissions. 

Q: What foam-blowing agents are most commonly used in the U.S.? How is cyclopentane different?
A: The most common foam-blowing agents in the U.S. right now are R134a and R245fa. These two industry-standard insulations can have a global warming potential (GWP) as high as 1300 (134a) and 950 (245a). Comparatively, the foam-blowing agent cyclopentane has a GWP of approximately 10. When it comes to GWPs, the lower the number is, the less adverse impact on the environment, so cyclopentane is clearly a better choice. 

Q: Are there significant insulating advantages, as well?
A: Yes, cyclopentane is approximately 4 percent more efficient than the R134a foam we currently use in most of our products. 

Q: Do other refrigerators available in the U.S. market use cyclopentane?
A: There are other manufacturers currently selling refrigerators in the U.S. that use cyclopentane. 

Q: Why hasn’t cyclopentane caught on in the United States?
A: It has been very popular as a blowing agent in Europe since the early 1990s, but the cost of retrofitting existing production facilities and the lack of U.S. regulations restricting the use of HFC’s has delayed implementation in the U.S. 

Q: Is it more expensive than other insulating materials?
A: It is competitively priced and relatively easy to produce. 

Q: Is it dangerous?
A: Like many gases, in its pure form, cyclopentane is a highly evaporative and flammable material. However once foamed, the unit is no more hazardous than a unit foamed with other blowing agents. As with any of our manufacturing processes, we’ve integrated a wide variety of redundant engineering and operational safeguards.

Top 5 Uses of Pentane

Pentane is a cost-effective liquid that has several different industrial and laboratory applications.

1. Laboratory Solvents

They are the most volatile liquid alkanes (at room temperature). Because of this, they are commonly used in laboratories as solvents. Although, due to their lack of functionality and non-polarity, they only dissolve other nonpolar and alkyl-rich compounds. Pentanes are miscible with other solvents like ethers, aromatics, and chlorocarbons.

2. Chromatography

Pentane is commonly used in chromatography – which is a laboratory technique to separate components in a mixture. The mixture is passed in a suspension or solution through a medium where the components each move at different rates.

3. Blowing Agent

Pentane is used as the primary blowing agent in the production of foams like polystyrene. A blowing agent is a substance that is capable of producing a cellular structure through a foaming process. These foams are often used as insulating material in refrigerators and heating pipes

4. Binary Fluid

Because of its low boiling point, pentane is used in geothermal power stations as a binary fluid.

5. Industrial Ingredient Uses

Due to its ready availability and low cost, pentane is also used as a solvent in many common products like pesticides. It can also be used in making other chemicals, plastics, and low-grade thermometers. Acid-catalyzed isomerization can produce isopentane, which can be used in making fuels.

Polyurethane foam is widely used in construction, refrigeration, piping and other fields due to its low density, good thermal insulation, low water absorption, low toxicity, and good processability. The blowing agent is an important auxiliary agent for the production of polyurethane foam plastics. Since the second-generation blowing agent HCFC-141b has an ODP value of 0.11 and a GWP value of 725, it has a great impact on the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect, so it can only be used as a transitional agent. use of sex substitutes. According to China’s polyurethane foam industry HCFC-141b phase-out plan (second phase), the polyurethane foam industry will gradually reduce HCFC-141b consumption based on the results achieved in the first phase, and will achieve industry-wide phase-out by the end of 2025. At present, the commonly used substitutes for HCFC-141b blowing agent mainly include pentane, water, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), liquid carbon dioxide, hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) and methyl formate. Among them, pentane is widely used due to its advantages of environmental protection, low price, and easy availability. However, pentane is flammable and explosive, and is a dangerous chemical. The use of this kind of blowing agent requires safety renovation of production equipment and workshops. Although the initial investment of pentane foaming replacement technology is relatively high, in the long run, the comprehensive economic benefits are obvious, and it is an ideal substitute for HCFC-141b.

Types of Pentane and Pentane Blowing Agents

Pentanes include n-pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane. The molecular formula is C5H12 and the molecular weight is 72.15. Cyclopentane, also known as “pentamethylene”, is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C5H10. Molecular weight 70.13. flammable liquid.

The high-purity n-pentane produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group has a purity of up to 99.5%, a n-butane content of less than 0.01%, an isopentane content of less than 0.2%, and a C6 content of less than 0.3%.

N-pentane and isopentane are separated from oilfield light hydrocarbons through high-efficiency rectification. N-pentane can be used as a desorbing agent in the dewaxing process of molecular sieves, and it can be used as a high-efficiency blowing agent for expandable polystyrene after blending with isopentane in different proportions to meet the requirements of different foaming degrees. It can be mixed with cyclopentane, etc. as a polyurethane foaming agent. Isopentane can be used as blowing agent for expandable polystyrene, foaming agent for polyurethane foam system, deasphalting solvent, solvent for catalyst in polyethylene production, etc. Generally blended with cyclopentane. Used as rigid polyurethane foam blowing agent. Cyclopentane (molecular formula C5H10) is a saturated hydrocarbon with a melting point of -94.4°C and a boiling point of 49.3°C. It is stable and insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and acetone. It is used as a solvent, as a foaming agent (instead of Freon) in the preparation of polyurethane foam, and as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis.

CAS: 287-92-3
Molecular formula: C5H10
Molecular weight: 70.13
Boiling point: 50℃
Melting point: -94-49℃
Chinese name: cyclopentane, pentamethylene, cyclopentamethylene
English name: ,Cyclopentane, pentamethylene, Cyclopentane,HPLC Grade, Cyclopentan, Cyclopcntan
Nature description:
Colorless liquid, melting point -93.9°C, boiling point 49.26°C, relative density 0.7460 (20/4°C), refractive index 1.4068, flash point -37°C. It can be miscible with organic solvents such as alcohol and ether, but insoluble in water.
production method:
Cyclopentane is a component of petroleum ether with a boiling point range of 30-60°C, the content is generally 5%-10%, and it is distilled at atmospheric pressure with a reflux ratio of 60:1 in a tower with a height of 8m. Isopentane and n-pentane can be further fractionated to obtain cyclopentane with a purity of more than 98%. Cyclopentane can also be prepared by reduction of cyclopentanone or catalytic hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene.
Uses:
It is used as a solvent for solution polymerization of polyisoprene rubber and a solvent for cellulose ether, as a substitute for freon for insulation materials in refrigerators and freezers and as a foaming agent for other hard PU foams, and as a reference material for chromatographic analysis.
The pentane foaming agent series products produced by Junyuan Petroleum Group are mainly composed of n-pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane. The total content of pentane is over 98%. It can be blended with cyclopentane into about 30 different types of products, which are mainly used as plastic foaming agents, and can also be used as industrial solvents, extractants and chemical raw materials.