Tag pentane

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a light polymer made of the following materials:

• Styrene – forming honeycomb structure
• Pentane – used as blowing agent

Styrene and pentane are both hydrocarbons obtained from oil and natural gas by-products. EPS is composed of 98% air. Styrene, together with pentane, water and other chemicals, is converted into tiny EPS (expandable polystyrene) beads through a mixing reactor. The beads are then dried, sieved and finally coated.

In 1950, BASF developed EPS, which was widely used in the construction field because of its excellent thermal insulation performance. Later, it was widely used in packaging because of its strong impact resistance.

EPS raw material beads have been mixed with blowing agent when they are produced, generally 4-7% pentane. High temperature steam foaming molding is used in the mold, and up to 98% of the finished products are air. The beads can be divided into flame retardant and non flame retardant, and can also be divided into large, medium and small according to the radius.

• Production process: pre foaming → curing → molding
• Pre foaming: use 80-100 ℃ steam to heat the raw material to increase the bead size by 40-50 times.
• Ripening: the prepared beads are dried in the silo to balance the internal pressure. The beads will have greater mechanical elasticity.
• Molding: the pre sent and dried beads are transferred to the mold, and the steam is added again to make the beads stick together to generate the finished product.
• Characteristics: low thermal conductivity, low density, high mechanical property, low water absorption, easy operation and installation, aging resistance, sound insulation and buoyancy.

The closed cell structure can cushion the impact by changing and restoring the deformation. The thermal conductivity is 0.033-0.043w / (m · K). Long term exposure to ultraviolet light will affect performance. It has no nutritional value, will not be eroded by mold, and will not decompose any water-soluble substance that pollutes groundwater.

A study by the packaging School of Michigan State University found that when fruits and vegetables are packaged with EPS, the carbon dioxide released by them will be retained, delaying maturation, and the content of vitamin C can be more effectively maintained.

Challenges facing the industry:

• 1. Fire. Flame retardant is usually added to improve the flame retardancy of EPS.
• 2. Recycling. Physical recovery method: the recovered compacted volume becomes 1 / 40 of the original, which is convenient for transportation and re production. The cost of the dissolution method is high. Used for incineration and energy recovery. EPS is not easy to degrade and can be used for landfill.

Blend of n-Pentane/Isopentane（wt%） 70:30，40:60, 50:50, 80:20, 85:15 Blend of Cyclopentane/Isopentane（wt%） 70:30

Physical and chemical properties of pentane
Pentane isomers that are used as expanding agents for EPS

A company has been investigating a range of new blowing agents, previously identified as the AFA series (1). Designed for most PUR applications including appliances, pour-in-place (PiP), spray, and polyisocyanurate (PIR) bunstock/boardstock, these molecules possess very low global warming potential and negligible ozone depletion.
Among them, Forane® FBA 1233zd, which is a liquid under ambient conditions, is a potential candidate for replacement of HFCs 245fa and 365mfc and pentanes. Table below summarizes the properties of Forane® FBA 1233zd and references other blowing agents currently in use such as cyclopentane (cC5), isopentane (iC5), normal pentane (nC5), HFC 245fa, HFC 365mfc and HCFC 141b.

Pentane as expanding agent for EPS

Ever since EPS was developed, predominantly, almost exclusively, pentane has been used as its expanding agent (with approx. 6 %, based on EPS weight). Mainly n-pentane was, and still is, used. Various EPS raw material manufacturers add some Iso-pentane and recently some also add Cyclopentane. All these pentane isomers cause the same reactions in air (Ozone formation) and therefore are treated all as VOCs by environmental authorities.

Applications:

• EPS Blowing Agent
• Electronic Cleaning
• Chemical Solvent
• Aerosol Propellant
• Others

At the beginning of the activity, Chen Huimin conveyed the concern letter from Chairman Miao Guangfa, in which he expressed his high praise and gratitude to all veterans, thanked them for their positive contributions to army building and national defense, and hoped that they would continue to carry forward the fine traditions of the army. Yu Rui and Qiao Huijie respectively expressed their high respect for the contributions and sacrifices made by the veterans to protect the country and the people through their speeches, and hoped that they would work hard and consistently in the future, display their demeanour as veterans, and contribute to the company’s career to a new level. At the end of the event, the leaders sent condolences to all veterans and took a group photo.

This year marks the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army. This condolence activity has further carried forward the fine tradition of supporting the army and giving preferential treatment to family members, effectively sent the company’s care and warmth to the veterans, and enhanced the Veterans’ sense of honor, belonging and happiness. The company’s veterans said that in the future, they will continue to uphold and carry forward the glorious tradition, always maintain the military’s vigorous and vigorous work style, achieve “no fading after retirement, no desire to retire after retirement”, and make due contributions to the company’s development based on their posts and dedication.

Malaysia certificate of origin, also known as China’s certificate of origin for export to Malaysia, can also be called Malaysia ASEAN certificate of origin Form E. Malaysia ASEAN certificate of origin Form E is issued by China entry exit inspection and Quarantine Bureau and consists of one original and three copies. The main purpose of applying for ASEAN certificate of origin Form E for export to Malaysia is to obtain the tariff preference of the Malaysian authorities when the goods are imported into Malaysia, so as to enable the smooth customs clearance of this batch of goods.

The Malaysian certificate of origin Form E cannot have double headers. The header of the trader or factory can only be displayed under the description of the goods in the seventh column of the Form E certificate of origin, and cannot be displayed in the exporter column in the first column of the certificate of origin. For export declaration, the header of the trader or factory can be used normally.

The following points shall be noted when exporting Form E certificate of origin to Malaysia:

1. Consignee name and address cannot be bank name.

2. The departure date, ship name, port of departure and port of destination must be correct and consistent with the bill of lading.

3. The amount on the certificate of origin must show FOB amount.

Malaysian import tariff system

As a member of the world trade organization, Malaysia’s tariff level is generally low. Although the tariff rate of most items is lower than 25%, the value range of tariff rate is very wide. The tariff on basic food is very low, no more than 5%. The average tax rate for major goods is about 5%. The average tax rate of intermediate products and transportation equipment is less than 20%. The tax rate of consumer goods is higher, some as high as 60%. The tariff rate for high priced motor vehicles is higher than 100%. In short, of its total of about 600 imported items, only 91 have a tariff rate of more than 50%. As a member of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) under construction, Malaysia’s tariff reduction will implement the “generally effective preferential tariff” (CEPT) plan in the AFTA regulations. The main imported products of Malaysia are divided into three categories. The first category is raw materials and means of production, including electronic components, textiles, plastics, machine parts, oil, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and food, accounting for 42.6% of the total import volume; The second category is mechanical equipment, including metal products, mechanical transport equipment, electronic instruments, heavy machinery and telecommunications equipment, accounting for 34.5% of the total import volume; The third category is daily necessities, including motorcycles, bicycles, jewelry and food, accounting for 21.9% of the total imports. All imported goods from Malaysia shall be subject to a 5% surcharge based on CIF value. Some basic goods such as fish, Cereals, salt, petroleum products, rubber, paper and printed products are exempt from additional tax. Excise taxes shall be levied on beer, alcohol and other beverages, cigarettes, gasoline, mineral oil and sugar, tires, cards, air conditioners, batteries, TV receivers, motor vehicles and motorcycles, matches and other commodities at ad valorem or specific volume.

1. Import documents.

(1) Commercial invoice: the original invoice used for tariff calculation shall be filled in and signed in English. The invoice must include the following items: mark, number, quantity and type of package, detailed commodity name, non-technical name or internal label code, gross weight and net weight, FOB, CIF fee and CIF price (if it belongs to different customs tariff items, each commodity must be separately indicated according to CIF price), delivery place and origin. The commodity description on the package must be consistent with that on the invoice. The invoice must be in triplicate.

(2) Certificate of origin certificate of origin is only for goods from federal countries.

(3) Bill of lading and ocean bill of lading need not be notarized. It is allowed to use the instruction bill of lading, but the address of a notified party shall be indicated.

2. Special provisions.

All details about the commodity description, metric weight and origin must be indicated on the label of the packed goods in Bahasa language. English is only allowed to be used in the second language. All packaged products must be printed with the following instructions: name of manufacturer, importer or wholesaler, origin, packaging content and product name. Food, medicine, livestock and meat must also be marked with health and quarantine provisions, including labeling provisions. Mark the following contents in Malaysian: country of origin, commodity description, weight, storage period, name and mailing address of the importer. The packaging of cigarettes must be printed with clear warnings of damage to health in the Mayan language.

3. Handling of unclaimed goods.

The goods that the buyer fails to pick up within the time limit can be kept in the customs warehouse for 21 days. If the consignee is notified after the time limit, the goods must be picked up within 7 days, or the customs will auction them. The auction proceeds will be used to pay the customs declaration fee, storage fee and all other expenses. The air cargo must be collected within 72 hours, or a high storage penalty will be imposed. If the goods are not received after 3 months, they will be returned.
Malaysia’s output of oil chemicals accounts for 20% of the world

From 2006 to 2020, the target of attracting investment in Malaysia’s chemical industry is US $10.6 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 6.9%. Malaysia is rich in oil and gas resources, with natural gas reserves ranking 14th in the world and oil reserves ranking 23rd in the world. Malaysia is also the third largest producer of liquefied natural gas in the world. Long term reliable and stable natural gas supply can ensure the sustainable growth of Malaysia’s petrochemical industry. Malaysia is currently an importer of petrochemical products and an exporter of petrochemical products. Oil chemicals are important chemicals in Malaysia.

Malaysian chemicals mainly include petrochemical products, inorganic and organic chemical raw materials, fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, food and feed additives, pharmaceutical chemicals, water treatment chemicals, papermaking chemicals, daily chemicals, pigments, dyes, inks and adhesives, catalysts, chemical equipment and instruments;

To view product details on Cyclopentane, click here.

Common questions about cyclopentane
Q: What is this new material being used in the foam insulation?
A: The new material is called cyclopentane, a highly evaporative gas that is used to apply the foam insulations in refrigeration units.
Q: What is cyclopentane?
A: Cyclopentane is a blowing agent for the polyurethane foams that are used to insulate refrigerators and freezers.
Q: What are the benefits of using cyclopentane instead of other materials?
A: From an environmental perspective, unlike some other chemicals used to insulate refrigerators, cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs). Using cyclopentane results in significant reductions in equivalent CO2 emissions.
Q: What foam-blowing agents are most commonly used in the U.S.? How is cyclopentane different?
A: The most common foam-blowing agents in the U.S. right now are R134a and R245fa. These two industry-standard insulations can have a global warming potential (GWP) as high as 1300 (134a) and 950 (245a). Comparatively, the foam-blowing agent cyclopentane has a GWP of approximately 10. When it comes to GWPs, the lower the number is, the less adverse impact on the environment, so cyclopentane is clearly a better choice.
Q: Are there significant insulating advantages, as well?
A: Yes, cyclopentane is approximately 4 percent more efficient than the R134a foam we currently use in most of our products.
Q: Do other refrigerators available in the U.S. market use cyclopentane?
A: There are other manufacturers currently selling refrigerators in the U.S. that use cyclopentane.
Q: Why hasn’t cyclopentane caught on in the United States?
A: It has been very popular as a blowing agent in Europe since the early 1990s, but the cost of retrofitting existing production facilities and the lack of U.S. regulations restricting the use of HFC’s has delayed implementation in the U.S.
Q: Is it more expensive than other insulating materials?
A: It is competitively priced and relatively easy to produce.
Q: Is it dangerous?
A: Like many gases, in its pure form, cyclopentane is a highly evaporative and flammable material. However once foamed, the unit is no more hazardous than a unit foamed with other blowing agents. As with any of our manufacturing processes, we’ve integrated a wide variety of redundant engineering and operational safeguards.

Packing & Delivery
1.Drum: 150kg/Drum
2.ISO Tank: 17MT/ISO Tank Container

Application

Cyclopentane is used as a solvent for solution polymerization such as polyisoprene rubber and a solvent for cellulose ether, as a thermal insulation material for refrigerators and freezers, as a foaming agent for other rigid PU foams, and as a standard material for chromatographic analysis.

Isopentane in brown reagent bottle

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
ISOPENTANE Formula : C5H12 
Isopentane  95 % % (weight)
Impurities :
n-Pentane content ≤ 2,6 % (weight)
Aromatic content ≤ 50 ppm (weight)
Benzene content ≤ 50 ppm (weight)
Bromine index ≤ 500 ppm (weight)
Non-volatile residue ≤ 10 g/m3
Sulphur ≤ 5 ppm (weight)
Moisture ≤ 100 ppm (weight)
The conformity of the product which is filled into the receptacles with the above mentioned specification is ensured by our quality, environment and safety management system according to ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.

The conventional technology used for oil extraction from oilseeds is by solvent extraction. In solvent extraction, n-Hexane is used as a solvent for its attributes such as simple recovery, non-polar nature, low latent heat of vaporization (330 kJ/kg) and high selectivity to solvents. Unlike other solvents, hexane has certain properties that make it the ideal choice for oil extraction processes. Hexane can extract more oil from oilseeds compared to ethyl acetate and ether With its low boiling point, hexane can retain its liquid states even in cold climates.

The distillation range of n-Hexane is short, and the volatilization of harmful substances is relatively clean and thorough, so that the nutritional components of vegetable oil are not destroyed by high temperature, which improves the safety of edible oil, reduces the leaching consumption and residue of edible oil in production, has a high oil production rate, and is convenient for industrial scale production. Hexane is an organic solvent with good viscosity. It is usually used in rubber food, pharmaceutical, perfume, shoe making, adhesive tape, ball making, grinding, leather, textile, furniture, paint industries, or dilution, or cleaning solvent, or viscose.

In addition, it can also be used as a solvent for extracting seed oil (such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, flax oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, etc.); It can also be used as a raw material for manufacturing polymers; Such as polypropylene and polyethylene.

Solvent extraction technology is a continuous edible oil extraction equipment, which uses the solubility of n-Hexane and oil to improve the oil content through soaking and spray. Solvent extraction technology can be used to extract oil from most oilseeds. The high oil content oilseeds such as rapeseed, peanut, cottonseed and sesame are extracted by pre pressing solvent, and the low oil content oilseeds are extracted by direct solvent.

Food grade n-Hexane as solvent for vegetable oil extraction

The main advantage of using n-Hexane as extraction solvent to prepare edible oil is low residual oil. In addition, there are eight advantages:

1. In the detection of the final edible oil products, the sulfur and benzene content in n-Hexane is very low, which is almost impossible to detect, and more in line with the international health detection standards.

2. The distillation range of n-Hexane is 63 ℃ – 71 ℃, and the dissolution rate is small.

3. The recovery temperature of n-Hexane is low and the energy saving effect is obvious. Moreover, it is of great benefit to improve the quality of oil products, and the color will be better. The acid value and peroxide in the oil can be reduced to improve the refining yield.

4. The content of n-Hexane is increased, the extraction capacity is improved, and the processing capacity of the device is also improved.

5. n-Hexane has good compatibility with oil and can reduce the residual oil in the filter cake. Increase the output of oil and improve the efficiency of enterprises.

6. The use of n-Hexane can reduce the drying temperature during the cake recovery process, reduce the direct steam supply, and thus reduce the dust intrusion of the condensation recovery system. Prolong the life cycle of the condenser.

7. Due to the extremely low sulfur content in n-Hexane, the corrosion of the system is reduced and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.

8. Reducing the operating system temperature after using hexane can reduce the reduction crystallization of unstable substances in the plant and improve the utilization rate of the whole system.

It can be seen from the above description that n-Hexane is the best choice in vegetable oil plants, which is also the reason why solvent extraction plants are becoming more and more popular in large vegetable oil production plants.

Hexane and oils work quite well together, which makes hexane an ideal solvent for oil extraction. Oil extraction requires fats to be soluble in a material, and hexane is a great match because it allows the oils to dissolve and separate from the original oilseed plant. The solvent extraction plant is the best solution for the project with a capacity of more than 30 tons / day. Because the residual oil amount is more than 5% for the press method and less than 1% for the solvent extraction method. The crude powder extracted by solvent extraction can be widely used in food raw materials with high protein content and high quality because of its low temperature.

We have the latest equipment and technology for the strict checking of raw material at the initial stage only. We ensure that prior to manufacturing the material is checked on the grounds of quality. As quality is our topmost concern, we give maximum priority to the stringent checking of the entire range of products. Junyuan Petroleum Group provides the food grade hexane for edible oil extraction and for pharma industries.

Packing & Delivery: ISO Tank container or steel drums

Lead Time:

Quantity(tons)

1 - 500,000

>500,000

Est. Time(days)

7

To be negotiated

normal pentane in lab flask