Tag Isopentane used in geothermal power generation

Working Fluids – Isopentane and n-Pentane

The geothermal dual flow power generation system is a kind of power generation system which uses low boiling point medium as the working medium to drive the turbine. So far, it can make the medium and low temperature geothermal fluid which is difficult to use for power generation. In March 2006, the operation test of the machine began. After the Junyuan’s Isopentane is heated in the preheater, it changes from liquid to gas (Isopentane steam) in the evaporator and enters the turbine to make the generator rotate and generate electricity.

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At the end of power generation, the Isopentane flowing out of the turbine is cooled and liquefied in the air-cooled condenser, and then sent to the preheater by the medium circulating pump. The Isopentane system is a closed cycle system, which will not be discharged into the atmosphere due to its recyclability. The geothermal dual flow cycle power generation system uses Isopentane from Junyuan to promote and expand the utilization of geothermal energy in Japan and around the world.

Energy from the geothermal fluid is transferred to isopentane on the tube side of the heat exchanger to power a two-stage steam turbine with a direct-connected generator turning at 1,800 rpm. In other words, it’s a typical Rankine cycle. Isopentane is used because it vaporizes at lower temperatures and higher pressures than water, making it an ideal working fluid for recovering energy from low-temperature geothermal fluids . The vaporous isopentane is condensed and heat is rejected through a conventional four-cell cooling tower.

Organic power. Ormat supplied the organic Rankine cycle that uses the geothermal resource to produce electrical power. The working fluid is isopentane.

Pentanes Used For Geothermal Power Plants

Processes and applications
Binary Cycle Geothermal Plant Organic Rankine or Kalina Cycle
Binary cycle processes are quite frequent nowadays to make use of the medium enthalpy hydrothermal resources available in the underground. A secondary working fluid having a flashing point at much lower temperature is heated-up by the hydrothermal resource and then expanded in a thermal turbine to drive an electric generator.

Binary Cycle Geothermal Plant Organic Rankine or Kalina Cycle
A binary cycle plant transfers heat from the hot geothermal fluid (105°C < T < 185°C) that is sent through a heat exchanger to vaporize a secondary working fluid such as pentane, iso-butane in the Organic Rankine Cycle, or ammonia in the Kalina Cycle. The working fluid is then expanded in a turbine, condensed and reheated in a closed loop cycle. The brine is disposed of by re-injection into the ground. The system supports these processes with Production pumps (PP), Brine Re-Injection pumps (BRIP), Hydrocarbon Feed pumps (HFP), Cooling Water pumps (CWP) and auxiliary pumps.

A simple Kalina cycle includes a waste heat recovery vapor generator, a turbine, and the distillation condensation system. In the distillation condensation subsystem, first the flow incoming from the turbine is cooled by the heater (recuperator), and then the stream is mixed with a lean solution of ammonia to increase the condensation temperature of the working fluid.

The Kalina cycle is a modified Rankine cycle involving mixtures of ammonia and water of varying concentration, that offers higher performance for temperatures between 200 and 300 °C. It is being pursued commercially and also targeted at geothermal power applications.

Isopentane – ( i-C5H12 )

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. Floats on water. Flammable, irritating vapor is produced.

Specifications 
Purity , %99
(Liquid Phase)(Vol. %)
Other Impurities
Ship
DOT Shipping Name Isopentane
DOT Classification3
DOT Label Flammable , Liquid 
UN Number UN1265
CAS No.78-78-4
Technical Information
Cylinder State @ 21.1°C Liquid 
Flammable Limits In Air 
Auto Ignition Temperature (°C )
Molecular Weight (g/mol)72.15
Specific gravity (air =1)2.48
Critical Temperature ( °C )
Critical Pressure ( psig )
Applications
Isopentane is used in a closed loop  in geothermal power production to drive turbines.

N-pentane – ( n-C5H12 )

A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 57°F. Boiling point 97°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air. 

Specifications 
Purity , %99
(Liquid Phase)(Vol. %)
Other Impurities
Ship
DOT Shipping Name Pentane
DOT Classification3
DOT Label Flammable , Liquid 
UN Number UN1265
CAS No.109-66-0
CGA/DISS /BS341/DIN477510/NO.4/NO.1
Technical Information
Cylinder State @ 21.1°C Liquid
Flammable Limits In Air 1.4-7.8%
Auto Ignition Temperature (°C )260
Molecular Weight (g/mol)72.15
Specific gravity (air =1)2.491
Critical Temperature ( °C )196.5
Critical Pressure ( psig )473.93
Applications
·Pentanes are some of the primary blowing agents used in the production of polystyrene foam and other foams. Usually, a mixture of n-, i-, and increasingly cyclopentane is used for this purpose.
·Because of its low boiling point, low cost, and relative safety, pentane is used as a working medium in geothermal power stations. It is added into some refrigerant blends as well.
·Pentanes are also used as an active ingredient in some pesticides.

Junyuan Petroleum Group is a renowned business entity, engaged in manufacturing and supplying of a wide range of Solvents and Chemicals. We offer the clients with n-Pentane, Isopentane, Pentane Blends, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane and D solvents.

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