Today is the second day of the new year, and the prices of #pentane, #hexane and #heptane series products have not changed.
Industry News
According to market news, the Ministry of Commerce recently approved and issued the allowable import volume of the first batch of crude oil for non-state trade in 2022, with a total amount of 109.03 million tons, a decrease of 11% compared with the same period in 2021. The quota of some independent refineries in Shandong and Northeast China was reduced.
After the impact of the epidemic on the national economy in 2020, Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, continued to pick up its foreign trade in 2021. According to the statistics released by the Saudi National Bureau of statistics on the evening of the 26th local time, Saudi Arabia’s foreign exports in October 2021 increased by 90% over the same period last year. Affected by the rising oil price, crude oil exports reached 82.4 billion Saudi Riyals (about 140.08 billion yuan), an increase of 123.1% over October 2020; The export volume of non oil commodities increased by 25.5% over the same period last year, and the total export volume also increased by 12.2% over September 2021.
Earlier this month, the Saudi Ministry of Finance announced the national budget for 2021-2022, which is expected to have a fiscal surplus for the first time in nine years. The world economic outlook report released by the International Monetary Fund in October also predicts that Saudi Arabia’s economic growth will reach 2.8% in 2021 and further increase to 4.8% in 2022.
Product Knowledge
How are pentane products synthesized?
Synthetic methods are as follows:
1. Pentane can be obtained from catalytic cracking and thermal decomposition of natural gas or petroleum. Due to different refining degrees, it often contains isomers of C5 Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with similar boiling points such as methyl Cyclopentane, as well as impurities such as unsaturated compounds, water and sulfur-containing compounds. During refining, unsaturated compounds are washed and removed with sulfuric acid, dehydrated with dehydrating agents such as calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide or metal sodium, and then distilled. Molecular sieve can also be used for dehydration.
2. It is prepared by hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or hydrogenation of furan in the presence of nickel catalyst.
3. n-Pentane can be obtained from extracted C5 by hydrogenation and distillation. Or using natural gas condensate as raw material, n-Pentane can be obtained by distillation separation. n-Pentane can also be prepared from n-Pentanol by dehydration, hydrogenation and distillation.
4. Using industrial n-Pentane as raw material, wash it with concentrated sulfuric acid until the acid layer is colorless, and then wash it with 10% sulfuric acid solution of 0.02mol/l potassium permanganate until the olefin content is qualified. Then wash with 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 0.02mol/l potassium permanganate and water, then dry with anhydrous calcium chloride, filter and distill, and collect the middle fraction, which is the pure product.
5. It is prepared by rehydrogenation of 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol, or 2-Bromopentane by Grignard reaction.
What are the uses of pentane?
1. It is used as a low boiling solvent and foaming agent in plastic industry. It is also used together with 2-Methylbutane as automobile and aircraft fuel, manufacturing artificial ice, anesthetic, synthetic pentanol, Isopentane, etc.
2. Gas chromatographic analysis standard. It is used for the manufacture of anesthetics, solvents and low-temperature thermometers, as well as for the manufacture of artificial ice, pentanol, Isopentane, etc.
3. It is used to prepare standard gas, calibration gas and molecular sieve desorption agent.
4. Used as solvent, gas chromatography reference liquid and anesthetic. It is also used in organic synthesis and the manufacture of low temperature thermometers.
5. Used as solvent, making artificial ice, anesthetic, synthesizing pentanol, isopentane, etc.
We provide daily chemical market and chemical product trading information, including chemical product database, chemical supply and demand information, technical services, chemical search, chemical information, chemical exhibition, chemical talents and other information.
Knowledge of Chemical Transportation Today
What is a chemical ship?
The so-called chemical ship should be defined as a liquid cargo ship, which is a cargo ship built or modified to carry all kinds of toxic, flammable, easy to play or corrosive chemicals. Most liquid chemical ships have double bottoms and double sides. The cargo tanks are separated and equipped with special cargo pumps and piping systems. The inner wall and piping of cargo hold shall be made of stainless steel or anti-corrosion coating.
How are chemical goods classified?
Liquid gaseous substance
1. Natural gas, natural gas and petroleum gas (propane, butane, etc.);
2. Artificially produced gases, such as ammonia, ethylene, vinyl chloride, butadiene, etc.
Liquid substance
1. Crude oil, in which propane, butane and other gases are also dissolved;
2. Refined petroleum products, light oil, kerosene, crude and refined gasoline, aviation fuel oil and other light oil, residual oil, various heavy oil and other heavy oil, light lubricating oil, heavy lubricating oil, cutting oil and other working oil;
3. Petrochemical products mainly refer to various chemicals extracted from petroleum as raw materials, including petroleum, solvents (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) and various aromatics (ethane, heptane, etc.);
4. Coal chemicals mainly refer to various chemicals extracted from coal, including solvents (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) and coal tar chemicals, which are the same as petrochemical products;
5. Synthetic chemicals, alcohols, inorganic acids, bases, acetate, chloride fatty acids, ethylene glycol, ethers, amines, ketones and organic solvents;
6. Others, animal oil, vegetable oil, soybean oil, oil, syrup and wine, etc.
Dissolved substance
1. Gas dissolution, ammonia, dimethylamine aqueous solution, etc;
2. Solid dissolution: caustic soda, various slurry substances (iron, ore, liquid urea, coal waste, etc.).
Molten material
1. Petroleum system, asphalt;
2. Others, sulfur, naphthalene, grease, etc.
How many kinds of chemicals are classified?
Due to the wide variety and different properties of chemical tankers, there are many classification methods. The following are some commonly used classification methods.
Cargo classification
Ordinary liquid cargo ship, petroleum product liquid cargo ship, multi variety co loading liquid cargo ship, multi-purpose chemical ship, special chemical ship, liquefied gas ship, etc;
Cargo structure classification
Integrated cargo chemical ship and independent cargo chemical ship;
Ship type classification
Small chemical ship (150 ~ 2,000 DWT), medium chemical ship (2,000 ~ 10,000 DWT), large chemical ship (10,000 ~ 33,000 DWT)