Category pentane blends

This high-purity hydrocarbon blend—composed of 40% Isopentane and 60% Normal Pentane—is specifically formulated as a blowing agent for EPS and PU foam applications. It offers excellent volatility, controlled density, and minimal sulfur content, ensuring clean expansion and stable foam structure. The product is manufactured under strict quality protocols and verified by ASTM and gas chromatography methods.

Applications

• Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) foam production
• Polyurethane (PU) foam systems
• Insulation materials requiring low boiling point blowing agents

Advantages

• Consistent composition: 40% Isopentane / 60% Normalpentane ±2%
• Low total sulfur: ≤2.0 wt ppm
• Minimal non-volatile residue: ≤100 wt ppm
• Optimized density: 0.62 ± 0.01 g/cm³
• Verified by ASTM D-287, D-5453, D-1353, and D-1364 standards
• Excellent compatibility with EPS and PU formulations

Technical Specifications

Property	Method	Unit	Specification
C4 & Lighter	Gas Chromatography	wt ppm	40 ± 2
C6 & Heavier	Gas Chromatography	wt ppm	≤ 20
Saturated Gas	Gas Chromatography	wt ppm	≤ 100
Unsaturated Gas	Gas Chromatography	wt ppm	Balance
Non-Volatile Matter	ASTM D-1353	wt ppm	≤ 100
n-Pentane	Gas Chromatography	wt %	60 ± 2
Isopentane	Gas Chromatography	wt %	40 ± 2
Density (15.6°C)	ASTM D-287	g/cm³	0.62 ± 0.01
Total Sulfur	ASTM D-5453	wt ppm	≤ 2.0
Odor	ASTM D-1364	wt ppm	≤ 100
Chemical Formula	—	—	C5H10

Primary Keyphrase: Isopentane/Normalpentane Blowing Agent

Synonym Variants:

• Pentane Blend Blowing Agent
• Hydrocarbon Foam Expander
• EPS/PU Blowing Solution
• Volatile Organic Blowing Agent
• C5 Hydrocarbon Blend
• Foam Expansion Agent
• Pentane-Based Propellant
• Polyurethane Foam Expander
• Expandable Polystyrene Agent
• Low-Boiling Point Blowing Agent

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of three chemical compounds—n-Pentane, Isopentane, and Cyclopentane—based on their UN numbers, CAS numbers, and Harmonized System (HS) codes. These identifiers are crucial for safety regulations, chemical tracking, and international trade compliance. Understanding their distinctions helps industries manage transportation, storage, and customs procedures effectively.

Comparison Table

Chemical Compound | UN Number | CAS Number | HS Code

n-Pentane | UN 1265 | CAS 109-66-0 | 2901.10.10
Isopentane | UN 1265 | CAS 78-78-4 | 2901.10.90
Cyclopentane | UN 1146 | CAS 287-92-3 | 2902.19.00

Keywords

n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, UN Number, CAS Number, HS Code, Chemical Identification, International Trade, Chemical Safety, Transportation Regulations

This structured comparison allows professionals in chemistry, logistics, and trade to better navigate classification and compliance requirements.

Why a 20/80 Cyclopentane/n-Pentane Ratio is Widely Used in the Insulation Industry

In the world of polyurethane (PU) rigid foam insulation, blowing agents play a crucial role in determining foam quality, thermal insulation, and process efficiency. Among the many options available, a blend consisting of 20% Cyclopentane and 80% n-Pentane has emerged as a go-to solution for manufacturers seeking an optimal balance of performance and cost.

Why This Specific Blend?

Each component in the blend brings unique properties to the table:

• Cyclopentane is valued for its low thermal conductivity, allowing foams to achieve excellent insulation performance. It also has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and relatively low global warming potential (GWP), making it more environmentally friendly. However, it is more expensive and can pose challenges in flowability and evaporation rate during foam processing.

• n-Pentane, on the other hand, is more economical, with higher vapor pressure and better flowability, making it easier to process, especially in large-scale industrial applications. But used alone, it tends to result in larger, less uniform foam cells, which can compromise insulation performance.

By blending 20% Cyclopentane with 80% n-Pentane, manufacturers can harness the strengths of both components: the superior insulation of Cyclopentane and the process efficiency and cost benefits of n-Pentane.

Where Is This Blend Used?

This pentane mixture is widely applied in:

• Household Refrigerators & Freezers: Used in the insulation layer of refrigerator cabinets and doors, ensuring high energy efficiency and consistent thermal performance.

• Construction Insulation Panels: Applied in rigid PU foam boards for building walls and roofs, providing lightweight, effective thermal barriers.

• Cold Chain Logistics: Employed in the insulation of refrigerated trucks and containers, helping maintain low temperatures during transportation.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

While the blend is non-ozone depleting and has lower GWP than legacy blowing agents like CFCs or HCFCs, it is still flammable and must be handled with proper safety protocols. Many modern production lines are equipped with explosion-proof equipment and ventilation systems to safely manage pentane-based formulations.

Conclusion

The 20/80 Cyclopentane/n-Pentane blend is a prime example of how smart chemical engineering can optimize material performance while balancing economic and environmental concerns. As global demand for energy-efficient insulation grows, such formulations will continue to play a key role in sustainable manufacturing.

Abstract

The UAE’s industrial sector is experiencing steady growth, driving demand for high-quality n-Pentane, which is widely used as a solvent, blowing agent, and in petrochemical applications. While specific data on the UAE market is limited, global trends indicate a rising demand for n-Pentane and its mixtures. The global market for isopentane and n-Pentane mixtures reached $137 million in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% to $209 million by 2031. The UAE’s market dynamics are influenced by crude oil prices, regional industrial expansion, and import-export activities. As one of the primary n-Pentane suppliers in the UAE, Junyuan Petroleum Group plays a crucial role in meeting the region’s demand for high-quality chemical products. Given the UAE’s role as a trade hub, its demand for n-Pentane is expected to rise in response to increasing industrial applications and economic diversification efforts.

Keywords

n-Pentane, UAE market, Junyuan Petroleum Group, industrial growth, chemical solvents, petrochemical applications, energy sector

Global Market Overview

The demand for n-Pentane and its mixtures has been increasing globally, driven by its extensive use in polyurethane foam production, plastic processing, and as a key component in refining and petrochemical industries. The global market for isopentane and n-Pentane mixtures was valued at approximately $137 million in 2024, with projections reaching $209 million by 2031, at a steady CAGR of 6.3%. The largest markets for these chemicals are China, Europe, and North America, collectively accounting for about 80% of global consumption.

Key Factors Influencing the UAE’s n-Pentane Market

1. Crude Oil Market Trends

As a derivative of petroleum refining, n-Pentane supply and pricing are directly affected by fluctuations in the crude oil market. Recent trends indicate some price volatility in early 2025, though the overall market remains stable. Given the UAE’s position as a major oil-producing nation, domestic supply availability may be linked to refining capacity and production adjustments.

2. Industrial Demand and Applications

The UAE’s expanding industrial sector is creating a steady demand for n-Pentane across multiple industries:

• Polyurethane Foam Production: Used as a blowing agent in insulation and refrigeration industries, n-Pentane aligns with the UAE’s growing construction and energy efficiency initiatives.

• Chemical Solvents: The increasing use of n-Pentane in laboratories, pharmaceutical applications, and industrial cleaning supports market growth.

• Petrochemical and Refining Sector: n-Pentane plays a role in isomerization processes and molecular sieve dehydration, making it a crucial chemical in the UAE’s refining activities.

3. Leading Suppliers in the UAE Market

Junyuan Petroleum Group has emerged as one of the most significant suppliers of n-Pentane in the UAE, ensuring a stable and high-quality supply to various industries. The company’s strong distribution network and commitment to meeting industry standards make it a key player in the market. As demand continues to rise, Junyuan Petroleum Group’s presence in the UAE is expected to strengthen, providing industries with reliable access to essential petrochemical products.

4. Import and Export Considerations

The UAE likely depends on imports to meet local demand for n-Pentane, sourcing from key petrochemical-producing regions, including neighboring Gulf countries. Trade policies, tariffs, and global supply chain fluctuations may impact the availability and pricing of n-Pentane in the UAE market. Additionally, the country’s strategic trade position may facilitate re-exports to Asia and other emerging markets.

Market Outlook and Growth Potential

With the UAE’s continued industrial expansion, focus on sustainable development, and growing demand for high-quality chemical solvents, the n-Pentane market is set to grow. Infrastructure projects, energy efficiency regulations, and advancements in petrochemical production will drive further demand. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s role as a major supplier positions it well to capitalize on this growth, ensuring a stable supply of n-Pentane to key industries. Despite reliance on imports, the UAE’s trade-friendly policies and industrial diversification efforts make it a key regional hub for n-Pentane distribution.

Conclusion

The UAE presents strong growth potential for the n-Pentane market, supported by industrial demand, crude oil market dynamics, and trade connectivity. Junyuan Petroleum Group’s significant presence in the UAE highlights the importance of reliable suppliers in meeting rising demand. While global supply trends influence availability and pricing, the country’s economic expansion and industrial needs will continue to fuel demand. As the market evolves, businesses engaged in n-Pentane production and trade will find promising opportunities in the UAE’s growing industrial landscape.

Abstract

This article presents a clear and concise overview of two important product lines: the n-Pentane series (90, 95, and 99 percent purity) and pentane-based blowing agents (F3 through F8). It explores their key applications in foam manufacturing, chemical processes, and other industries, while also highlighting their performance characteristics such as low sulfur content and high Saybolt color index. In addition, this piece emphasizes the products’ environmental benefits and suitability for sustainable development.

Keywords:

n-Pentane, Pentane Blowing Agent, Foam Manufacturing, Chemical Solvent, Sustainable Development, Low Sulfur, High Purity

Introduction

n-Pentane and its related blowing agent formulations are widely used in a range of industrial processes. They play a particularly significant role in foam production, especially for polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), and polyether-based foams. Due to their favorable physical and chemical properties, these pentane products have also found their way into diverse applications such as chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical solvents, refrigerant blends, and laboratory standards.

n-Pentane Series: Grades and Characteristics

The n-Pentane series typically includes three grades: 90% n-Pentane, 95% n-Pentane, and 99% n-Pentane. All three are colorless, low-odor liquids with Saybolt color values of at least 28, indicating a very high degree of purity in terms of visual appearance. Their densities, measured at 20°C, generally range from about 620 to 630 kg/m³.

• Purity Levels:

• 90% n-Pentane contains at least 90% of the n-Pentane isomer.

• 95% n-Pentane raises that content to 95%.

• 99% n-Pentane provides an even higher level of purity, making it suitable for specialized applications such as chemical reagents, calibration standards, and high-end solvent needs.

• Quality Indicators:

• Bromine Index: For all three grades, the bromine index is typically under 100 mgBr/100 g, reflecting minimal levels of unsaturated compounds.

• Water Content: Ranges from below 150 ppm in the 90% and 95% grades to under 100 ppm in the 99% grade, ensuring a low moisture environment for sensitive processes.

• Sulfur Content: Less than 5 ppm across all grades, which is crucial for processes requiring low sulfur to minimize catalyst poisoning and unwanted by-products.

Pentane Blowing Agents: F3 to F8

Besides the pure n-Pentane series, specialized pentane blowing agents are formulated for foam production. These products blend n-Pentane and iso-Pentane in specific ratios, allowing manufacturers to fine-tune their foam properties. Common variants include F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, and F8, each offering distinct proportions of n-Pentane and iso-Pentane.

• n-Pentane Content:

Ranges from about 30±2% in F3 up to 80±2% in F8.

• iso-Pentane Content:

Adjusted accordingly, typically running higher when the n-Pentane portion is lower, and vice versa.

• Density:

Generally falls between 615 and 630 kg/m³ at 20°C, ensuring consistency in handling and blending.

• Bromine Index, Water Content, Sulfur Content:

All remain within strict limits (bromine index ≤100 mgBr/100 g, water ≤150 ppm, sulfur ≤5 ppm), aligning with stringent quality and environmental requirements.

Main Applications

1. Foam Manufacturing:

• Polyurethane (PU) Foams: Pentane is a preferred blowing agent for producing rigid and flexible PU foams, used in insulation, automotive components, and furniture.

• Polystyrene (PS) Foams: Particularly in the construction sector, pentane blends help achieve the desired density and thermal insulation performance.

• Polyether Foams: The balance of n-Pentane and iso-Pentane ensures precise control over foam cell structure and stability.

2. High-Purity 99% n-Pentane Applications:

• Chemical Reagent: Ideal for laboratory research, quality control, and analytical procedures.

• Standard Reference Material: Useful as a calibration solvent or reference compound in chromatography.

• Pharmaceutical Solvent: Provides a clean, low-sulfur solvent environment for sensitive chemical reactions.

• New Refrigerants and Polymerization Processes: Offers an environmentally friendly option in advanced chemical and polymer production.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

Modern industry places a strong emphasis on sustainability. The pentane family is known for having low sulfur content and minimal impact on the environment compared to older, less eco-friendly alternatives. However, due to their volatility and flammability, proper handling and storage are essential. Following established safety guidelines and using approved equipment can mitigate potential risks, ensuring a safer workplace and reducing environmental hazards.

Conclusion

n-Pentane products and pentane blowing agents offer versatile, high-performance solutions for a variety of industrial applications. Their consistently high quality—evident in factors such as minimal sulfur content, low moisture levels, and stable density—makes them a top choice for foam production, chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical applications, and beyond. Furthermore, their environmentally friendly profile aligns well with modern sustainability goals, paving the way for continued innovation and market growth.

By carefully selecting the appropriate grade or blowing agent blend, manufacturers can optimize production processes, enhance product performance, and contribute to more sustainable industrial practices. This focus on quality and eco-conscious design underscores the ongoing importance of n-Pentane and pentane-based blowing agents in both current and future applications.

Custom Blends of Isopentane, Normal Pentane, and Cyclopentane: Advancing Your Chemical Needs

At the forefront of chemical innovation, we specialize in crafting custom blends of Isopentane, Normal Pentane, and Cyclopentane that cater precisely to your unique requirements. Our advanced in-line blending technology and deep industry knowledge set us apart as a reliable partner for all your chemical blending needs.

The Power of Customization

Each of these hydrocarbons—Isopentane, Normal Pentane, and Cyclopentane—brings its own set of properties and benefits to the table. By blending them in precise ratios, we can harness their individual strengths to create a solution that exceeds your expectations. Whether you’re looking to enhance foam production, optimize fuel efficiency, or improve the performance of your manufacturing processes, our custom blends are designed to deliver.

Environmental Responsibility

In today’s world, environmental considerations are paramount. Cyclopentane, in particular, offers a greener alternative to traditional blowing agents like CFCs, reducing your carbon footprint and aligning with sustainable practices. By incorporating Cyclopentane into our custom blends, we help you achieve your production goals while minimizing environmental impact.

Beyond Standard Blends

While we offer a range of pre-defined blend ratios, our capabilities extend far beyond these standard options. Our team of experts will work closely with you to understand your specific requirements and develop a custom blend that perfectly fits your application. Whether you need a blend with a specific boiling point, viscosity, or other physical property, we have the technology and expertise to deliver.

Quality Assurance

At every step of the blending process, we adhere to strict quality control measures to ensure that your custom blend meets the highest standards of purity and consistency. Our in-line blending technology allows for precise control over the mixing process, ensuring that each batch is identical to the last. This level of precision and consistency is crucial for maintaining the performance and reliability of your final product.

Let’s Collaborate

We understand that every application is unique, and that’s why we’re committed to working closely with you to find the perfect solution. Whether you’re a seasoned industry veteran or a newcomer to the world of chemical manufacturing, our team of experts is here to guide you every step of the way. Contact us today to discuss your specific needs and learn more about how our custom blends of Isopentane, Normal Pentane, and Cyclopentane can help advance your chemical requirements.

Package Type

• Isotank
• Railcar
• Truck
• Vessel

n-Pentane and isopentane are two isomers of pentane, a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. They have the same molecular formula, C5H12, but different structures. n-Pentane has a straight chain of five carbon atoms, while isopentane has a branched chain with four carbon atoms in a row and one carbon atom attached to the second carbon atom. The difference in structure affects their physical properties, such as boiling point. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas. In this report, we will compare the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and explain the factors that determine them.

Results and Discussion

The data shows that the boiling point of n-pentane is higher than that of isopentane. According to the web search results, the boiling point of n-pentane is 36.1°C, while the boiling point of isopentane is 27.9°C. This means that n-pentane requires more energy to vaporize than isopentane. The reason for this difference is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules that hold them together in a liquid or a solid. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.

The main type of intermolecular force in n-pentane and isopentane is the van der Waals force, which is a weak attraction between the temporary dipoles of the molecules. A dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A temporary dipole is a dipole that forms when the electrons in a molecule are unevenly distributed at a certain moment. The temporary dipole of one molecule can induce a temporary dipole in another molecule, creating a van der Waals force between them.

The strength of the van der Waals force depends on the size and shape of the molecules. The larger and more elongated the molecule, the stronger the van der Waals force. This is because a larger and more elongated molecule has more surface area for the temporary dipoles to interact. n-Pentane has a larger and more elongated molecule than isopentane, as shown in the figure below.

![n-pentane and isopentane structures]

Therefore, n-pentane has stronger van der Waals forces than isopentane, and thus a higher boiling point.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, we have analyzed the boiling points of n-pentane and isopentane and found that n-pentane has a higher boiling point than isopentane due to the stronger van der Waals forces between its molecules. This analysis demonstrates the importance of molecular structure in determining the physical properties of substances. We recommend that you use this knowledge to understand the behavior of other hydrocarbons and their isomers.