Processes and applications
Binary Cycle Geothermal Plant Organic Rankine or Kalina Cycle
Binary cycle processes are quite frequent nowadays to make use of the medium enthalpy hydrothermal resources available in the underground. A secondary working fluid having a flashing point at much lower temperature is heated-up by the hydrothermal resource and then expanded in a thermal turbine to drive an electric generator.
Binary Cycle Geothermal Plant Organic Rankine or Kalina Cycle
A binary cycle plant transfers heat from the hot geothermal fluid (105°C < T < 185°C) that is sent through a heat exchanger to vaporize a secondary working fluid such as pentane, iso-butane in the Organic Rankine Cycle, or ammonia in the Kalina Cycle. The working fluid is then expanded in a turbine, condensed and reheated in a closed loop cycle. The brine is disposed of by re-injection into the ground. The system supports these processes with Production pumps (PP), Brine Re-Injection pumps (BRIP), Hydrocarbon Feed pumps (HFP), Cooling Water pumps (CWP) and auxiliary pumps.
An Example of Kalin Cycle Power Generation System
A simple Kalina cycle includes a waste heat recovery vapor generator, a turbine, and the distillation condensation system. In the distillation condensation subsystem, first the flow incoming from the turbine is cooled by the heater (recuperator), and then the stream is mixed with a lean solution of ammonia to increase the condensation temperature of the working fluid.
The Kalina cycle is a modified Rankine cycle involving mixtures of ammonia and water of varying concentration, that offers higher performance for temperatures between 200 and 300 °C. It is being pursued commercially and also targeted at geothermal power applications.
Isopentane – ( i-C5H12 )
Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. Floats on water. Flammable, irritating vapor is produced.
| Specifications | |
| Purity , % | 99 |
| (Liquid Phase) | (Vol. %) |
| Other Impurities | |
| |
| Ship | |
| DOT Shipping Name | Isopentane |
| DOT Classification | 3 |
| DOT Label | Flammable , Liquid |
| UN Number | UN1265 |
| CAS No. | 78-78-4 |
| |
| Technical Information | |
| Cylinder State @ 21.1°C | Liquid |
| Flammable Limits In Air | |
| Auto Ignition Temperature (°C ) | |
| Molecular Weight (g/mol) | 72.15 |
| Specific gravity (air =1) | 2.48 |
| Critical Temperature ( °C ) | |
| Critical Pressure ( psig ) | |
| |
| Applications | |
| Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines. |
N-pentane – ( n-C5H12 )
A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 57°F. Boiling point 97°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air.
| Specifications | |
| Purity , % | 99 |
| (Liquid Phase) | (Vol. %) |
| Other Impurities | |
| |
| Ship | |
| DOT Shipping Name | Pentane |
| DOT Classification | 3 |
| DOT Label | Flammable , Liquid |
| UN Number | UN1265 |
| CAS No. | 109-66-0 |
| CGA/DISS /BS341/DIN477 | 510/NO.4/NO.1 |
| |
| Technical Information | |
| Cylinder State @ 21.1°C | Liquid |
| Flammable Limits In Air | 1.4-7.8% |
| Auto Ignition Temperature (°C ) | 260 |
| Molecular Weight (g/mol) | 72.15 |
| Specific gravity (air =1) | 2.491 |
| Critical Temperature ( °C ) | 196.5 |
| Critical Pressure ( psig ) | 473.93 |
| |
| Applications | |
·Pentanes are some of the primary blowing agents used in the production of polystyrene foam and other foams. Usually, a mixture of n-, i-, and increasingly cyclopentane is used for this purpose.
·Because of its low boiling point, low cost, and relative safety, pentane is used as a working medium in geothermal power stations. It is added into some refrigerant blends as well.
·Pentanes are also used as an active ingredient in some pesticides. |
Junyuan Petroleum Group is a renowned business entity, engaged in manufacturing and supplying of a wide range of Solvents and Chemicals. We offer the clients with n-Pentane, Isopentane, Pentane Blends, n-Hexane, Isohexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane and D solvents.
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