According to the latest global polyethylene pipe research report released by Freedonia group, China’s total demand for polyethylene pipe in 2019 was 4.2 million tons, accounting for 33% of global demand and 59% of regional sales, which is the largest market in the world so far.
The research report points out that China’s agriculture, construction, manufacturing, oil and gas and public utilities have a large volume, and plastic pipelines are needed in these fields. In addition, China’s diversified processing and manufacturing industries, including chemical industry, food processing, primary metals, pulp, paper and textiles, also need plastic pipes.
The scale of China’s construction industry is almost four times that of the United States, and the sales volume of polyethylene pipes is about three times that of the United States. China’s infrastructure investment continues to make great progress, and the proportion of product sales in the population is almost twice the global average.
The report predicts that by 2024, the global demand for polyethylene pipes will increase at an annual rate of 3.7% to 15.3 million metric tons, which is due to the increasing use of polyethylene pipes in all markets. Among them, HDPE pipes will also maintain healthy growth because they are more popular than other materials in water treatment and sewer applications.
Demand will be driven by polyethylene’s versatility, easy processability, low cost, and recyclability; by new ethylene feedstocks; and by improved polymerization catalyst technologies.
World demand to rise 4.0% annually through 2018
Global demand for polyethylene resins will rise 4.0 percent per year to 99.6 million metric tons in 2018, valued at $164 billion. Gains will match overall world economic growth, fueled by an acceleration in consumer spending and manufacturing activity. Polyethylene will continue to be the most widely used plastic resin in the world, benefiting from its versatility, easy processability, low cost, and recyclability. The development of ethylene feedstocks from new sources such as shale gas, coal, and biobased materials will also give polyethylene a price advantage over other plastic resins. Moreover, continually improving polymerization catalyst technologies will enhance the performance, customization, and yield of polyethylene resins. Further increases will be limited, however, by the highly commoditized and mature position of polyethylene. Additionally, major polyethylene applications such as plastic bags have increasingly become subject to environmental regulations and bans.
Asia/Pacific region to remain largest, fastest growing market
The Asia/Pacific region will continue to be the largest and fastest growing polyethylene market through 2018, fueled by strong growth in China, which alone accounted for nearly one-quarter of global demand in 2013. India and Vietnam will also be among the world’s most rapidly expanding markets. However, advances in most emerging Asian countries will rise at a slower pace than during the 2008-2013 period. On the other hand, North America will see a significant improvement in polyethylene demand, while the markets in Western Europe and Japan will rebound from recent declines.
LLDPE to gain market share over LDPE
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HDPE is the most widely used of the three polyethylene resins, accounting for just under half of total demand in 2013. Above average growth is expected for HDPE through 2018, driven by its rising use in construction products such as pipe and the increasing popularity of blow-molded HDPE containers in emerging market countries. LLDPE will continue to gain market share over LDPE going forward, as LLDPE is the primary beneficiary of metallocene catalyst technology, which improves resin performance. Packaging will remain the largest outlet for polyethylene, accounting for a majority of demand in 2018. The resin’s favorable sealing, stiffness, moisture barrier, and clarity properties make it an indispensible material in the packaging industry. Film accounts for about half of global polyethylene demand and tends to comprise a particularly large portion of the market in developing countries.
Junyuan Petroleum Group, one of the largest pentane production bases in China.
Polyethylene is the most popular plastic substance in the world.
Nowadays, plants use ethylene to create these products.
During its gas phase, liquid Isopentane will be added to the gas stream.
Pentane: What Is It and How Do We Use It?
Pentane is an organic substance. It can be used to describe any 3 structural isomers or their combination. But, according to IUPAC, this phrase is exclusive to the n-pentane isomer. We also differentiate neopentane or dimethylpropane as well as isopentane or methylbutane.
Pentanes are commonly used for fuels, but they can also be utilized as solvents in labs. The substance carries similar traits as hexanes and butanes.
Pentanes are generally used for insulation products. However, you can utilize them in so many different ways. Whether you’re relying on n-pentane, cyclopentane, or iso-pentane, each one of the chemical compounds can serve as the main ingredient for various products. In this article, we will discuss pentane, in general, as well as its potential application.
How do we get pentanes?
Pentanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Each one of them has five carbon atoms. We get n-pentane and iso-pentane naturally from crude oil.
They are made during gas production as natural byproducts. On the other hand, cyclopentane is found in naphtha or crude petrol. It is a molecule in the shape of a ring, and it is very popular across several industries. Oil refineries create cyclopentane through the cracking process.
Naphtha has variable quantities of pentanes. It all depends on its origin, the acquiring process, and the construction of the refinery.
They are the first hydrocarbons to become liquids at room temperature. Out of these substances, iso-pentane has the lowest boiling point.
The substance will boil at 29 degrees Celsius compared to n-pentane, which boils at 35 degrees, and cyclopentane that has a boiling point of 49 degrees Celsius. Due to these differences between pentanes’ boiling points, you are able to separate the substances.
What are the main differences between pentane types?
As you can presume, there are some major differences between these substances aside from their boiling points. Companies use them in numerous ways, and they have some major advantages over other crude oil derivatives. What’s even better is that you can mix these chemicals. This is how we get pentane blends, each with its unique set of traits.
How do you use n-pentane?
Generally speaking, n-pentane and iso-pentane are somewhat similar substances. They react in a similar fashion when you use them for different products. Usually, n-pentane is utilized as a refrigeration or air conditioning substance, effectively replacing things such as fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia. Here are some of its potential uses:
Refrigerant R601
Very non-polar solvent
Process medium for polyethylene
How do you use iso-pentane?
A great thing about iso-pentane is that it almost cannot be dissolved in water. Furthermore, it has very soluble when used with other organic solvents like ethers, esters, paraffins, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, etc. Also, the substance has unlimited miscibility. This gives iso-pentane high versatility. Companies try to utilize their characteristics as much as possible for various products.
Non-polar solvent with high volatility
Personal care products like shower gels
It can be used as a process medium for polypropylene and polyethylene
Working medium in geothermal plants
How do you use cyclopentane?
While the previous two substances may have certain similarities, cyclopentane is completely different from both of them. It is not that popular as a solvent, nor is it used as an ingredient for other chemicals. But, it is a very common substance for insulation products.
It can be used for solvents and insulation board
Cyclopentane is great for refrigeration and refrigeration logistics
Blowing agent for polyurethane foams
Fine chemicals
Different ways pentane is used across various industries
Pentanes are very flexible products. Each one of these subtypes has a wide range of applications. Here is how different industries rely on them for their day-to-day business:
Geothermal plants
Pentanes are very important for renewable energy creation. Geothermal plants use iso-pentane as a medium during their crucial heating processes. Plants extract heat from the ground and use it for heating energy; iso-pentane is there to facilitate the process.
Cooling substance
Companies are also using pentanes as cooling agents. Whether we’re talking about iso-pentane or n-pentane, both of these chemical compounds can be utilized as cooling substances for air conditioning appliances and refrigeration systems. They are a much better alternative to fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia.
Cosmetics and care products
Pentanes are also very famous for their cosmetic industry application. They are a crucial ingredient for products like shower gels and shaving creams. Furthermore, these substances are the main reasons why personal care items have their specific, creamy texture.
Companies use pentanes for the production of polypropylene and polyethylene
Among others, companies use these substances to create polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene is the most popular plastic substance in the world. Nowadays, plants use ethylene to create these products. During its gas phase, liquid iso-pentane will be added to the gas stream. The substance works as a specific cooler. Once it is condensed, you can reuse it. We make polypropylene in a similar way as polyethylene, and once again, iso-pentane is added during the gas phase to facilitate the process.
Insulation materials
Pentanes are commonly used for the creation of polystyrene and polyurethane insulation boards. Companies use them as blowing agents during polyisocyanurate and polyurethane formulation. Insulation materials are very important for the food industry and household appliances. You can use them for freezers, refrigerators, and cold storage. They are also crucial for constructions and various others industries. For example, you can use them for building, pipes, and other materials.
Cyclopentane is great for long-lasting insulation. It is especially good for smaller surfaces and spaces due to its ability to stay within polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam for a long time, even after foaming. The pentane can be used for cooling devices and thin insulation panels.
Packaging material
Among others, pentanes are important for the creation of packaging material. Once again, pentane is utilized as a blowing agent. We use it to create extruded polystyrene, which is later on utilized for packaging chips.
Pentanes have numerous applications. As long as you use them with care, you should be able to create some incredible materials that can be utilized in various industries.