What is the difference between n-pentane and isopentane and neopentane?

There are two isomers of n-pentane, isopentane (boiling point 28 ° C) and neopentane (boiling point 10 ° C). Pentane is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon with stable chemical properties and does not react with acids and bases at normal temperature and pressure. The mixture of propylene, butene, isobutene, butane and isopropane is produced by pyrolysis at high temperature above 600 ℃ or in the presence of appropriate catalyst.

Extended data
The simple formula, the chemical name, is a simple expression after omitting the single bond in the structural formula, which is usually only applicable to pure substances existing in the form of molecules. It should show the functional groups in the substance: as long as the single bond of hydrocarbon is omitted, most single bonds such as carbon carbon single bond, carbon chlorine single bond, carbon and hydroxyl group single bond can be omitted or not omitted.
For example, the structural formula of propane is ch3ch2ch3, ethylene is CH2 = CH2, tetrachloromethane CCl4, ethanol CH3CH2OH, etc. But the double bond, triple bond and most of the rings must not be omitted. Carbon oxygen double bond can be omitted, such as formaldehyde HCHO. Multiple repeats can be combined with the same class, such as n-butane CH3 (CH2) 2ch3. The branched chain can pull out another chemical bond or bracket to connect to the connected carbon.

Pentane is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Its chemical formula is C5H12. It has three isomers: straight chain n-pentane and branched chain neopentane and isopentane
Neopentane: C (CH3) 4
Isopentane: ch3ch2ch (CH3) 2

What is the difference between n-pentane and isopentane and neopentane?

The physical properties of n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane are not different, but the chemical properties are different due to their different structures.
There are two isomers of n-pentane: isopentane and neopentane. The word “pentane” usually refers to n-pentane, that is, its straight chain isomer.
N-pentane (n-pentane), with the chemical formula of C5H12, is the fifth member of alkane. The boiling point of n-1653 pentane is 36.1 ℃.
Isopentane (isopentane, 2-methylbutane), also known as 2-methylbutane, the chemical formula is C5H12. Colorless, transparent, volatile liquid with pleasant aroma and boiling point of 28 ° C. It is mainly used in organic synthesis and also as solvent.
Neopentane, also known as 2,2-dimethylpropane and pentane, has a chemical formula of C5H12. It is a toxic chemical product with a boiling point of 10 ° C.
Pentane can be obtained by catalytic cracking and thermal decomposition of natural gas or petroleum. Due to different refining degrees, it often contains isomers of C5 Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with similar boiling points such as METHYLCYCLOPENTANE, unsaturated compounds, water, sulfur compounds and other impurities. In refining, the unsaturated compounds are removed by washing with sulfuric acid, and dehydrated by calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide or sodium metal, and then distilled. Molecular sieves can also be used for dehydration.

Pentane/hexane isomerization increases the octane number of the light gasoline components n-pentane and n-hexane, which are found in abundance in straight-run gasoline. In a typical C 5 /C 6 isomerization process, dried and desulfurized feedstock is mixed with a small amount of organic chloride and recycled hydrogen, and then heated to reactor temperature. n-Pentane is unique among hydrocarbon solvents in that it has a high concentration of a single component. Our n-Pentane has a consistent composition and very high purity, containing a minimum of 95% of n-Pentane isomer. Carefully controlled production conditions also results in very low levels of aromatics and other impurities.

What is pentane used for?
Constituent in motor and aviation fuel; in solvent extraction processes, as a general laboratory solvent, and as a medium solvent for polymerization reactions; as raw material for production of olefins and other industrial chemicals like amyl chloride. Pentane is used in the manufacture of ice and low-temperature thermometers.