Pentane Formula, Properties, Uses and Isomers

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Pentane Formula, Properties, Uses and Isomers

by Manufacturers, Producers, Suppliers Jul 25, 2022

Pentane – Thermophysical Properties

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of pentane, also called n-pentane. Phase diagram included.

Physical Properties The boiling points of the pentane isomers range from about 9 to 36 °C. As is the case for other alkanes, the more branched isomers tend to have lower boiling points.

Usually, n-Pentane is used as a refrigeration or air conditioning substance, effectively replacing substances such as fluorinated hydrocarbons and ammonia. Here are some of its potential uses: refrigerant R60 1, non-polar solvent polyethylene process medium, how to use Isopentane? Isopentane is widely used. Firstly, it is an important refrigerant, which is used as the mixed refrigerant component of condensation inducer and LNG in LLDPE unit of olefin plant; Used for blending octane number of oil products;

Usage: isopentane is widely used. First, it is an important refrigerant of olefin unit, condensation inducer of LLDPE unit and LNG mixed refrigerant components; Used for blending oil octane number; It is widely used in organic synthesis reactions and the separation and purification of organic compounds; Secondly, isopentane dehydrogenation can be made of isoprene and isoprene, and isopentanol is obtained by chlorination and hydrolysis. It is also an important raw material for organic synthesis. Isopentane can also be used with n-pentane in EPS (expandable polystyrene) blowing agent, or with cyclopentane as rigid polyurethane blowing agent. It is mainly used in organic synthesis and also as a solvent.

Cyclopentane, as a blowing agent in Polyurethane (PU) foams, is the most important raw material for high-performance insulation in refrigerators.

Pentane, C₅H_12,is a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. It belongs to the organic class alkanes, and is naturally present in crude oils and condensates. It is a component of some fuels and is employed as a specialty solvent in the laboratory.

The boling point 36°C/97°F, and the vapors are heavier than air. Both the liquid an the vapor are flammable.

The phase diagram of pentane is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of pentane:
Values are given for liquid at 25^oC /77^oF / 298 K and 1 bara, if not other phase, temperature or pressure given.

Property	Value	Unit	Value	Unit	Value	Unit	Value	Unit
Autoignition temperature	533	K	260	°C	500	°F
Boiling Point	309.2	K	36.06	°C	96.9	°F
Critical density	3.22	mol/dm³	232	kg/m³	0.450	slug/ft³	14.5	lb/ft³
Critical pressure	3.36	MPa=MN/m2	33.6	bar	33.2	atm	487	psi=lbf/in²
Critical temperature	469.8	K	196.7	°C	386.0	°F
Critical volume	311	cm³/mol	0.00431	m³/kg	2.22	ft³/slug	0.0690	ft³/lb
Density	8606	mol/m³	620.9	kg/m³	1.205	slug/ft³	38.76	lb/ft³
Flammable, gas and liquid	yes
Flash point	224	K	-49	°C	-56	°F
Gas constant, individual, R	115.2	J/kg K	0.03201	Wh/(kg K)	689.1	[ft lb_f/slug °R]	21.42	[ft lb_f/lb °R]
Gibbs free energy of formation (gas)	-8	kJ/mol	-111	kJ/kg	-48	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (gas)	-3535	kJ/mol	-48996	kJ/kg	-21.1	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of combustion (liquid)	-3509	kJ/mol	-48636	kJ/kg	-20.9	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas)	-147.0	kJ/mol	-2037	kJ/kg	-876	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (liquid)	-173	kJ/mol	-2398	kJ/kg	-1031	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of fusion at -202 °F/-130°C	8.4	kJ/mol	116	kJ/kg	50.05	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation, at -202°F/-130°C	42	kJ/mol	582	kJ/kg	250	Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation	26.4	kJ/mol	366	kJ/kg	157	Btu/lb
Heat capacity, Cp (gas)	120.0	J/mol K	1.66	kJ/kg K	0.397	Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat, Cp (liquid)	168.0	J/mol K	2.33	kJ/kg K	0.556	Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat, Cv (liquid)	125.0	J/mol K	1.73	kJ/kg K	0.414	Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Ionization potential	10.34	eV
log K_OW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient)	3.39
Melting point	143.48	K	-129.7	°C	-201.4	°F
Molecular Weight	72.149	g/mol			0.15906	lb/mol
Solubility in water, at 25°C	0.038	mg/ml
Sound velocity	1012	m/s			3319	ft/s	2267	mi/h
Specific Gravity (gas) (relativ to air)	2.48
Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water)	0.63
Specific Heat Ratio (gas) – C_P/C_V	1.09
Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) – C_P/C_V	1.34
Specific Volume	0.0001162	m³/mol	0.0016106	m³/kg	0.8300514	ft³/slug	0.0257988	ft³/lb
Standard molar entropy, S° (gas)	348	J/mol K	4.82	kJ/kg K	1.15	Btu/lb °F
Standard molar entropy, S° (liquid)	263	J/mol K	3.65	kJ/kg K	0.87	Btu/lb °F
Surface tension	16.0	dynes/cm	0.016	N/m
Thermal Conductivity	0.111	W/m°C	0.064135	Btu/hr ft °F
Triple point pressure	7.63*10^-8	MPa=MN/m²	7.63*10^-7	bar	7.53*10^-7	atm	1.11*10^-5	psi=lbf/in²
Triple point temperature	143.5	K	-129.7	°C	-201.46	°F
Vapor (saturation) pressure	0.0685	MPa=MN/m²	514.0	mm Hg	0.6762	atm	9.94	psi=lbf/in²
Viscosity, dynamic (absolute)	0.2224	cP	149.4	[lb_m /ft s*10^-6]	4.64	[lbf s/ft² *10^-6]
Viscosity, kinematic	0.358	cSt	3.9	[ft²/s*10^-6]

Density and specific weight of liquid pentane at varying temperature and atmospheric pressure, SI and Imperial units:

Density units conversion of Pentane:

kilogram/cubic meter [kg/m³] = gram/liter [g/l], kilogram/liter [kg/l] = gram/cubic centimeter [g/cm³]= ton(metric)/cubic meter [t/m³], once/gallon(US liquid) [oz/gal(US liq)] pound/cubic inch [lb/in³], pound/cubic foot [lb/ft³], pound/gallon(UK) [lb/gal(UK)], pound/gallon(US liquid) [lb/gal(US liq)], slug/cubic foot [sl/ft³], ton(short)/cubic yard [ton(short)/yd³], ton(long)/cubic yard [yd³]

1 g/cm³ = 1 kg/l = 1000 kg/m³ = 62.428 lb/ft³ = 0.03613 lb/in³ = 1.9403 sl/ft³ = 10.0224 lb/gal(UK) = 8.3454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.5780 oz/in³= 0.7525 ton(long)/yr³

1 g/l = 1 kg/m³ = 0.001 kg/l = 0.000001 kg/cm³ = 0.001 g/cm³ = 0.99885 oz/ft³ = 0.0005780 oz/in³ = 0.16036 oz/gal(UK) = 0.1335 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.06243 lb/ft³ = 3.6127×10-5 lb/in³ = 1.6856 lb/yd³ = 0.010022 lb/gal(UK) = 0.0083454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.0007525 ton(long)/yd³= 0.0008428 ton(short)/yd³

1 kg/l = 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³ = 62.428 lb/ft³ = 0.03613 lb/in³ = 1.9403 sl/ft³ = 8.3454 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.5780 oz/in³= 0.7525 ton(long)/yr³

1 kg/m³ = 1 g/l = 0.001 kg/l = 0.000001 kg/cm³ = 0.001 g/cm³ = 0.99885 oz/ft³ = 0.0005780 oz/in³ = 0.16036 oz/gal(UK) = 0.1335 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.06243 lb/ft³ = 3.6127×10-5 lb/in³ = 1.6856 lb/yd³ = 0.010022 lb/gal(UK) = 0.008345 lb/gal(US liq) = 0.0007525 ton(long)/yd³ = 0.0008428 ton(short)/yd³

1 lb/ft³ = 27 lb/yd³ = 0.009259 oz/in³= 0.0005787 lb/in³= 16.01845 kg/m³ = 0.01602 g/cm³ = 0.1605 lb/gal(UK) = 0.1349 lb/gal(US liq) = 2.5687 oz/gal(UK) = 2.1389 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.01205 ton(long)/yd³ = 0.0135 ton(short)/yd³

1 lb/gal(UK) = 0.8327 lb/gal(US liq) = 16 oz/gal(UK) = 13.323 oz/gal(US liq) = 168.179 lb/yd³ = 6.2288 lb/ft³ = 0.003605 lb/in3 = 0.05767 oz/in³= 99.7764 kg/m³ = 0.09977 g/cm³ = 0.07508 ton(long)/yd³ = 0.08409 ton(short)/yd³

1 lb/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 lb/gal(UK) = 19.215 oz/gal(UK) = 16 oz/gal(US liq) = 201.97 lb/yd³ = 7.4805 lb/ft³ = 0.004329 lb/in3 = 0.06926 oz/in³= 119.826 kg/m³ = 0.1198 g/cm³ = 0.09017 ton(long)/yd³ = 0.1010 ton(short)/yd³

1 lb/in³ = 1728 lb/ft³ = 46656 lb/yd³ = 16 oz/in³= 27680 kg/m³ = 27.680 g/cm³ = 277.419 lb/gal(UK) = 231 lb/gal(US liq) =4438.7 oz/gal(UK) = 3696 oz/gal(US liq) = 20.8286 ton(long)/yd³ = 23.3280 ton(short)/yd³

1 oz/gal(UK) = 0.8327 oz/gal(US liq) = 6.2360 kg/m³ = 6.2288 oz/ft³ = 0.3893 lb/ft³ = 10.5112 lb/yd³

1 oz/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 oz/gal(UK) = 7.4892 kg/m³ = 7.4805 oz/ft³ = 0.4675 lb/ft³ = 12.6234 lb/yd³

1 sl/ft³ = 515.3788 kg/m³ = 514.7848 oz/ft³ = 0.2979 oz/in³ = 32.1741 lb/ft³ = 82.645 oz/gal(UK) = 68.817 oz/gal(US liq)

1 ton(long)/yd³ = 1.12 ton(short)/yd³ = 1328.94 kg/m³ = 0.7682 oz/in³ = 82.963 lb/ft³ = 2240 lb/yd³ = 2.5786 sl/ft³ = 13.319 lb/gal(UK) = 11.0905 lb/gal(US liq)

1 ton(short)/yd³ = 0.8929 ton(long)/yd³ = 1186.55 kg/m³ = 0.6859 oz/in³ = 74.074 lb/ft³ = 2000 lb/yd³ = 2.3023 sl/ft³ = 11.8921 lb/gal(UK) = 9.9023 lb/gal(US liq)

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