Production Technology and Investment Analysis of n-Pentane

Pentane is widely used as a foaming agent for expandable polystyrene and polyurethane foam systems. It is used in the fields of fluorine free refrigerators, freezers, cold storage and pipeline insulation. It can be used as a solvent for linear low density polyethylene catalyst, an industrial solvent for deasphalting, an extractant for dewaxing of molecular sieve, and also a chemical raw material, such as isopentane and isoprene, which can be dehydrogenated from isopentane. Through chlorination, rectification and catalytic hydrolysis of pentane mixture, crude amyl alcohol can be produced. After multistage separation and distillation, l-amyl alcohol can be obtained. At the same time, research on the oxidation of n-pentane to phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride has also made some progress. At present, there are 36 high-purity isopentane, n-pentane, cyclopentane and mixed pentane foaming agents in China, with a production capacity of about 190 kt / A. Among them, there are 5 manufacturers with stable raw material supply, advanced technology, good product quality and large production scale. The total production capacity is 156 kt / A, accounting for 71% of the national production capacity. These five enterprises are mainly concentrated in the relatively developed southeast coastal areas. The main domestic pentane manufacturers, product types and production capacity are shown in Table 1.

With the gradual improvement of domestic pentane unit operating rate, the output has increased significantly. Some enterprises have exported in batch. In 2020, the export volume reached 86 KT, but there is still a gap in domestic high-quality pentane foaming agent. In the same period, domestic imports of high-quality pentane foaming agent were nearly 86 kt. There are also many manufacturers of pentane products. There are great differences in production scale, process level and product quality. At present, there is no unified national standard for related products, but each enterprise has its own enterprise standard. As for the quality index of pentane foaming agent at home and abroad, the sulfur content of foreign index is low, and there are clear requirements for the proportion of n-pentane and isopentane.

The production status of a domestic plant index and a foreign company index density (20 ℃) / kg · M-3 615-630 620-640 sulfur content, 10-6 ≤ 50 ≤ 30 pentane total content (mol),% ≥ 98 – ω (n-pentane),% – 80-82 ω (isopentane),% – 20-18 C6 heavy components (mol),% ≤ 1 ≤ 2 1.2 production status At present, domestic pentane production technology mainly comes from Tianjin University and Beijing Institute of chemical industry. The main raw materials are light hydrocarbon of oil field, topping oil of crude oil pretreatment unit, light naphtha of hydrogenation unit, mixed hydrocarbon after reforming and hydrogenation, C5 of refinery gas separation unit and C5 fraction of cracking by-product of ethylene unit, which can also be obtained by separation and purification of mixed C5 after C5 etherification, or by hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene. The C5 fraction obtained by fractionation from straight run gasoline, natural gas condensate, hydrocracking tail oil and reforming gasoline is separated by high-efficiency distillation with pentane separator and isopentane column, and the products of n-pentane and isopentane are dominant. The main process flow is as follows (taking natural gas condensate as an example): it is heated to 55 ℃ in the preheater before entering into the debutanizer. The operating pressure of the debutanizer is 0.34 MPa. Propane and butane fractions are taken out from the top of the tower (the tower top temperature is 48 ℃), part of the overhead condensate is used as the reflux, and the surplus condensate is heated to 76 ℃ by the heat exchanger before entering the depropanizer. The operating pressure of depropanizer is 2 MPa. Propane is removed from the top of the depropanizer (top temperature is 50 ℃) and butane is removed from the bottom of the column. The gasoline from the bottom of debutanizer enters the depentanizer. The number of trays in the depentanizer is 30, the operating pressure is 2.2 MPa, and the reflux ratio is 1.5. Plate number of isopentane separator
The operating pressure of the separation column is 0.2 MPa. The purity of the distillate from the top of the column is 95% isopentane, and the fraction from the bottom of the tower contains 90% n-pentane. Pentane and other products can be separated from mixed C5 separated from FCC LPG separation unit and ethylene unit. The main process is hydrogenation under the condition of new Ziegler type catalyst. The reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.8-1.0 MPa. After hydrogenation, isopentane, n-pentane and cyclopentane can be separated from C5 by distillation.

At present, there is no unified national standard for pentane products, but the manufacturers have their own enterprise standards, which are equivalent to the standards of foreign similar products.

Market analysis: the growth of pentane consumption is directly related to the prohibition of Freon. According to the Montreal protocol adopted by all countries in 1992, countries are required to stop using CFC in 2000. Pentane as the final alternative product has great development potential in the next few years. In 2017, the annual consumption of pentane in China was nearly 116kt, of which, the consumption of EPS (expanded polystyrene) pentane foaming agent was about 60 kt / A, accounting for 45% of the total consumption; the consumption of pentane for polyurethane foaming agent was 65 kt / A, accounting for 50% of the total consumption; the consumption of pentane carrier solvent of linear low density polyethylene accounted for about 5% of the total consumption.

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